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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 217 records · Page 12
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1999

Measurement of Injector Face Temperature Using Optical Diagnostic Techniques

A CCD camera was previously set up to record infrared images of the injector face of a small rocket combustor. Good semi-quantitative results were obtained but it was found that non-linearities in the camera system made accurate determinations of temperature difficult. A Pulnix CCD camera was purchased and calibrated. The system was calibrated for temperatures between 500 and 850 C. The best filter to use was found to be a BG850 glass filter. The actual calibrations are presented in the report. The system was to be used on a hydrogen oxygen system but the tests did not take place as scheduled. Attempts were made with a methane oxygen system but the carbon in the system interfered with the viewing of the injector face.

Moser, Marlow D.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Video systems for real-time oil-spill detection

Three airborne television systems are being developed to evaluate techniques for oil-spill surveillance. These include a conventional TV camera, two cameras operating in a subtractive mode, and a field-sequential camera. False-color enhancement and wavelength and polarization filtering are also employed. The first of a series of flight tests indicates that an appropriately filtered conventional TV camera is a relatively inexpensive method of improving contrast between oil and water. False-color enhancement improves the contrast, but the problem caused by sun glint now limits the application to overcast days. Future effort will be aimed toward a one-camera system. Solving the sun-glint problem and developing the field-sequential camera into an operable system offers potential for color 'flagging' oil on water.

Millard, J. P.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Astronomical observations with an SEC vidicon system.

Description of the design and operation of an SEC vidicon camera system, and review of some of the astronomical observations performed with it. Following a discussion of the main system and instrumentation features and a delineation of present and future software tasks, the preliminary series of observations obtained in conjunction with the 36-inch telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory is briefly surveyed. These observations include (1) exposures on the Orion Nebula through various narrow-band interference filters, and (2) exposures on the galaxy Messier 82 in white light and with medium band filters.

Chiu, H.-Y.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Projections of scan patterns on human retina

Fundus camera tracks eye movements by using camera optics with the aid of an inverted system. Camera provides a flying-spot circular scanning light source in the normal film plane and a broadband photodetector in position normally occupied by light source.

Kelly, D. H.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Imaging spectrometers for remote sensing from space

Three imaging spectrometers and two camera systems for remote sensing are described. Two of the imaging spectrometers are versions of the Visible and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) for Mars Observer and the Comet Rendezvous Asteroid Flyby (CRAF) mission. The other spectrometer is the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) which is currently under construction. The optical imaging systems are the wide angle and narrow angle cameras for the CRAF mission.

Chrisp, M. P.↗
NASA NTRS1992

IMAX camera (12-IML-1)

The IMAX camera system is used to record on-orbit activities of interest to the public. Because of the extremely high resolution of the IMAX camera, projector, and audio systems, the audience is afforded a motion picture experience unlike any other. IMAX and OMNIMAX motion picture systems were designed to create motion picture images of superior quality and audience impact. The IMAX camera is a 65 mm, single lens, reflex viewing design with a 15 perforation per frame horizontal pull across. The frame size is 2.06 x 2.77 inches. Film travels through the camera at a rate of 336 feet per minute when the camera is running at the standard 24 frames/sec.

Source record↗
DOE OSTI2019

Light Field Cameras Offer Surveillance a New Dimension

Light field cameras, sometimes called “plenoptic cameras,” are used for a form of computational photography that captures information about the intensity and direction light rays are traveling in a scene. Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory evaluated commercial off-the-shelf light field camera systems from Raytrix and Lytro. This paper describes how light field cameras work, discusses the author’s experience with the systems, proposes potential benefits they may offer for safeguards applications, and identifies limitations that would have to be addressed.

Garner, James R.↗
NASA NTRS1991

The spacecraft control laboratory experiment optical attitude measurement system

A stereo camera tracking system was developed to provide a near real-time measure of the position and attitude of the Spacecraft COntrol Laboratory Experiment (SCOLE). The SCOLE is a mockup of the shuttle-like vehicle with an attached flexible mast and (simulated) antenna, and was designed to provide a laboratory environment for the verification and testing of control laws for large flexible spacecraft. Actuators and sensors located on the shuttle and antenna sense the states of the spacecraft and allow the position and attitude to be controlled. The stereo camera tracking system which was developed consists of two position sensitive detector cameras which sense the locations of small infrared LEDs attached to the surface of the shuttle. Information on shuttle position and attitude is provided in six degrees-of-freedom. The design of this optical system, calibration, and tracking algorithm are described. The performance of the system is evaluated for yaw only.

Welch, Sharon S.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Evaluation of S190A radiometric exposure test data

The S190A preflight radiometric exposure test data generated as part of preflight and system test of KM-002 Sequence 29 on flight camera S/N 002 was analyzed. The analysis was to determine camera system transmission using available data which included: (1) films exposed to a calibrated light source subject; (2) filter transmission data; (3) calibrated light source data; (4) density vs. log10 exposure curves for the films; and (5) spectral sensitometric data for the films. The procedure used is outlined, and includes the data and a transmission matrix as a function of field position for nine measured points on each station-film-filter-aperture-shutter speed combination.

Lockwood, H. E.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Necessity to adapt land use and land cover classification systems to readily accept radar data

A hierarchial, four level, standardized system for classifying land use/land cover primarily from remote-sensor data (USGS system) is described. The USGS system was developed for nonmicrowave imaging sensors such as camera systems and line scanners. The USGS system is not compatible with the land use/land cover classifications at different levels that can be made from radar imagery, and particularly from synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) imagery. The use of radar imagery for classifying land use/land cover at different levels is discussed, and a possible revision of the USGS system to more readily accept land use/land cover classifications from radar imagery is proposed.

Drake, B.↗
NASA NTRS2010

FPGA Coprocessor Design for an Onboard Multi-Angle Spectro-Polarimetric Imager

A multi-angle spectro-polarimetric imager (MSPI) is an advanced camera system currently under development at JPL for possible future consideration on a satellite-based Aerosol-Cloud-Environ - ment (ACE) interaction study. The light in the optical system is subjected to a complex modulation designed to make the overall system robust against many instrumental artifacts that have plagued such measurements in the past. This scheme involves two photoelastic modulators that are beating in a carefully selected pattern against each other. In order to properly sample this modulation pattern, each of the proposed nine cameras in the system needs to read out its imager array about 1,000 times per second. The onboard processing required to compress this data involves least-squares fits (LSFs) of Bessel functions to data from every pixel in realtime, thus requiring an onboard computing system with advanced data processing capabilities in excess of those commonly available for space flight. As a potential solution to meet the MSPI onboard processing requirements, an LSF algorithm was developed on the Xilinx Virtex-4FX60 field programmable gate array (FPGA). In addition to configurable hardware capability, this FPGA includes Power -PC405 microprocessors, which together enable a combination hardware/ software processing system. A laboratory demonstration was carried out based on a hardware/ software co-designed processing architecture that includes hardware-based data collection and least-squares fitting (computationally), and softwarebased transcendental function computation (algorithmically complex) on the FPGA. Initial results showed that these calculations can be handled using a combination of the Virtex- 4TM Power-PC core and the hardware fabric.

Pingree, Paula J.↗
DOE OSTI2019

R and DE Robotic Sensor Intern Team: Remote 3D Mapping Sensor Suite

The primary goal of the sensor suite is to provide an internal 3D map of the HCAEX tunnel. When looking for a sensor that would provide XYZ point cloud data for mapping the decision was between a stereo camera, a 3D Lidar, or a 2D Lidar that would need to be spun around. The issues with the stereo camera were that it does not have a large field-of-view and that its depth information was not nearly as accurate as even the baseline Lidars. The selection between Lidars is detailed. The Hokuyo UTM-30LX-EW shown provides a 270 deg. FOV with high accuracy and resolution while the largest FOV on a 3D Lidar is 40 deg.. This was the reason a 2D Lidar was chosen over the 3D Lidar. Even though the 2D Lidar requires additional components and software to generate a 3D map, its FOV advantage is too great given that the HCAEX tunnel is a relatively confined space. The rotating planar scan from the 2D Lidar can be stitched into a 3D scan as shown in the graphic below. Along with XYZ data, the Lidar provides return intensity data in color which can be used to distinguish between different materials within the tunnel. To provide visual feedback a camera system needed to be identified. The common solution for this is a high resolution camera with a small FOV mounted on a pan-tilt system. But, given the critical nature of the visual feedback we looked into solutions without the need for moving parts. Two panospheric cameras give a FOV large enough to get a full 360 deg. view.. Camera color data (RGB) can also be combined with the 3D mapping data from the Lidar and overlaid on the map to give the user the ability to see inside the entire length of the tunnel as if they were inside. Situational awareness is required for the crawler in the tunnel in order for it to be able to register the 3D scans to create a final map. For this we procured a Microstrain 3DM-GX5-25 Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU). To perform the Lidar rotation we have two servos driving the pan and tilt. The servo controls and most data processing will be performed via an onboard computer. The sensor components are to be packaged together using 3D printed mounts into a standalone unit.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
NASA NTRS1988

Document Monitor

The charters of Freedom Monitoring System will periodically assess the physical condition of the U.S. Constitution, Declaration of Independence and Bill of Rights. Although protected in helium filled glass cases, the documents are subject to damage from light vibration and humidity. The photometer is a CCD detector used as the electronic film for the camera system's scanning camera which mechanically scans the document line by line and acquires a series of images, each representing a one square inch portion of the document. Perkin-Elmer Corporation's photometer is capable of detecting changes in contrast, shape or other indicators of degradation with 5 to 10 times the sensitivity of the human eye. A Vicom image processing computer receives the data from the photometer stores it and manipulates it, allowing comparison of electronic images over time to detect changes.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1972

Photogrammetry of Apollo 15 photography, part C

In the Apollo 15 mission, a mapping camera system and a 61 cm optical bar, high resolution panoramic camera, as well as a laser altimeter were used. The panoramic camera is described, having several distortion sources, such as cylindrical shape of the negative film surface, the scanning action of the lens, the image motion compensator, and the spacecraft motion. Film products were processed on a specifically designed analytical plotter.

Wu, S. S. C.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Intensified charge coupled devices for ultra low light level imaging

Development of a sensor incorporating a CCD and photocathode for operation in the electron bombarded mode in both a magnetic and an electrostatic focussed, gated configuration is described. Initial format size is 100 x 160 pixels with eventual growth to 400 x 400 pixels. The sensor is part of a digital camera system which includes the low level video conditioning electronics, a camera controller, a high speed buffer memory, and digital recording and display electronics. The memory uses CMOS/SOS and has a capacity of 1.6 Mbits with operating rates of 48 Mbits/sec. Individual frames are co-added to provide wide dynamic range and photometric precision better than 1%. A 4-bit video quantization is used to increase the photon counting detection rate before coincidence losses become serious.

Sobieski, S.↗
NASA NTRS1980

The mosaics of Mars: As seen by the Viking Lander cameras

The mosaics and derivative products produced from many individual high resolution images acquired by the Viking Lander Camera Systems are described: A morning and afternoon mosaic for both cameras at the Lander 1 Chryse Planitia site, and a morning, noon, and afternoon camera pair at Utopia Planitia, the Lander 11 site. The derived products include special geometric projections of the mosaic data sets, polar stereographic (donut), stereoscopic, and orthographic. Contour maps and vertical profiles of the topography were overlaid on the mosaics from which they were derived. Sets of stereo pairs were extracted and enlarged from stereoscopic projections of the mosaics.

Levinthal, E. C.↗