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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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579 records · Page 12

All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

NASA NTRS2003

Optimal Battery Charging for Damage Mitigation

Our control philosophy is to charge the NiH2 cell in such a way that the damage incurred during the charging period is minimized, thus extending its cycle life. This requires nonlinear dynamic model of NiH2 cell and a damage rate model. We must do this first. This control philosophy is generally considered damage mitigating control or life-extending control. This presentation covers how NiH2 cells function, electrode behavior, an essentialized model, damage mechanisms for NiH2 batteries, battery continuum damage modeling, and battery life models. The presentation includes graphs and a chart illustrating how charging a NiH2 battery with different voltages and currents affects damages the battery and affects its life. The presentation concludes with diagrams of control system architectures for tracking battery recharging.

Hartley, Tom T.↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Thermal Vacuum Testing of the Cryostat Heat Removal System for COSI SMEX

The Cryostat Heat Removal System (CHRS) of the Compton Spectrometer and Imager (COSI) consists of cryocooler, three transport aluminum ammonia Constant Conductance Heat Pipes (CCHP), three radiators with CCHP spreaders and Cryocooler Control Electronics (CCE) attached to a separate radiator. A Thermal Vacuum (TVAC) test was conducted at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center to characterize the integrated COSI CHRS in the flat configuration. This presentation summarizes the measured COSI CHRS performance along with lessons learned.

Pipes↗

DOE OSTI2026

The Development of Kinetic and Radiation Hydrodynamics Modeling of Thermonuclear Burn Propagation in Isochoric p - 11 B Through the Support of the INFUSE Program

The report summarizes DOE INFUSE-supported work between HB11 Energy and the University of Rochester’s TriForce Institute to improve computational modeling of advanced fusion fuels, especially proton–boron-11 (p- 11 B). The project extended the TriForce particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision code to include physics needed for dense, high-temperature p- 11 B burn studies, including p- 11 B fusion reactions, three-alpha-particle reaction products, relativistic Coulomb collisions, large-angle nuclear scattering, bremsstrahlung radiation, inverse bremsstrahlung absorption, and photon transport. The upgraded models were verified against focused physics tests and against known deuterium–tritium burn behavior. The study then used one-dimensional spherical simulations to estimate the conditions required for thermonuclear burn propagation in isochoric p- 11 B fuel. The calculations found that burn propagation is possible in the model, but only under very extreme hot-spot conditions, such as about 7000 g/cm 3 at 500 keV or 9000 g/cm 3 at 300 keV for a 20-micron hot spot. These conditions are much more demanding than current demonstrated inertial confinement fusion hot spots. The report concludes that the INFUSE collaboration successfully advanced kinetic and radiation modeling capabilities for p- 11 B fusion and provided useful estimates of ignition requirements. However, the simulated fuel gains remain below what would be needed for practical inertial fusion energy, and further work is needed to reconcile differences among kinetic, radiation-hydrodynamic, and analytic models and to identify more achievable target designs.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗

DOE OSTI2025

Advancements in nanocomposites for enhancing the performance of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries

The benefits of nanotechnology have been realized in almost every component of lithium-ion batteries. From electrodes to electrolytes, the incorporation of nanoparticles as dopants and coatings has shown marked improvements in cell cycle life, efficiency, mechanical and thermal stabilities, and lithium-ion transport. The improvements realized depends on several factors, from processing methods, nanoparticle type, structure, and concentration, to the material into which the nanoparticulate will be incorporated. Regardless of these many factors, nanotechnology has vastly improved the performance of secondary lithium-ion batteries. Here we will highlight some of the works that demonstrate these improvements and the quantitative benefits of nanotechnology.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗

NASA NTRS1995

A Navier-Stokes Boundary Element Solver

Using global interpolation functions (GIF's) boundary element solutions are obtained for two-dimensional laminar flows. Two schemes are proposed for handling the convective terms. The first treats convection as a forcing function, and converts the flow equations to pseudo-Poisson equations. In the second scheme, some convective effect is incorporated into the fundamental solution used in constructing the pertinent integral equations. The lid-driven cavity flow is selected as the benchmark problem.

O Lafe↗

DOE OSTI2026

Emergent surface resonance from charge density wave symmetry breaking in TiSe 2

Surface confined electronic states provide a fertile ground for discovering emergent phenomena that have no counterpart in the bulk, offering new routes to manipulate correlations, symmetry breaking, and dimensionality at the atomic scale. Here, in this study, we show that charge density wave (CDW) symmetry breaking can yield surface states in 1⁢T−TiSe 2 . Micro–angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (µ-ARPES) resolves a sharp, two-dimensional surface resonant state (SRS) that emerges within the CDW reconstructed low energy spectrum. The SRS exhibits notable temperature dependence and its spectral weight collapses around ∼ 160 K, while CDW transition temperature 𝑇 CDW is commonly reported as ≈ 202 K. Slab DFT + 𝑈 calculations reproduce a surface localized resonance when CDW folding brings valence and conduction states into near degeneracy, suggesting a correlation tuned, surface selective origin. These results point to a form of correlation-tuned surface resonance in a layered CDW compound and suggest a framework for engineering low-dimensional quantum states in van der Waals materials via symmetry breaking and electronic structure tuning.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2026

Dynamic asymmetric strain imprinted into substrates by an oxide thin film

In film-substrate systems, the substrate role is often considered to be limited to providing static mechanical constraints. Dynamic film-substrate interactions when a structural change in the film modifies the substrate are generally disregarded. Here, using combined x-ray and electron microscopies, we observed that an electrically induced filament in a vanadium dioxide film created strong asymmetric strain in an underlying sapphire substrate. This asymmetric substrate strain fed back into the film and defined the filament expansion direction, revealing the importance of film-substrate dynamic interactions in determining film functionality. Furthermore, the strain imprint propagated at least tens of micrometers deep into the substrate, exceeding the film thickness by more than 200-fold, potentially enabling substrate functionalization as an active mechanical coupling media in three-dimensional integrated microelectronic architectures.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

NASA NTRS1987

International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) spacecraft battery performance update

January 26, 1987 marks the ninth inflight aniversary of the IUE spacecraft, launched into an eccentric synchronous orbit. The orbital path has subjected the spacecraft to 18 solar eclipse seasons since launch. Nine years of inflight operations culminate a major milestone for battery support to a spacecraft, which is well in excess of the initial 3 year design life. A brief outline of events, power system characteristics, and papers presented a previous battery workshops are provided. The IUE battery cell performance is excellent with the exception of the third electrode anomaly and temperature delta between batteries. Data indicates that battery depth-of-discharge (DOD) may be more critical to extend battery life than small operational temperature deltas between batteries. It is predicted that several additional years of battery life may be obtained by a reduction in operational battery DOD.

Tiller, Smith E.↗

NASA NTRS1995

Transient Studies of G-Induced Capillary Dryout and Rewet

A transient, one-dimensional numerical code is developed to model the liquid motion in an axial groove with square cross section. Axial variation in liquid level, shear stress and heat transfer between the groove wall and the liquid, evaporation and transient body forces are accounted for in the model. Dryout and rewet of the groove are allowed; the front location is determined numerically using conservation of mass and linear extrapolation. Several numerical test results are presented and discussed.

M K Reagan↗

NASA NTRS1998

Bipolar Nickel-Metal Hydride Battery Being Developed

The NASA Lewis Research Center has contracted with Electro Energy, Inc., to develop a bipolar nickel-metal hydride battery design for energy storage on low-Earth-orbit satellites. The objective of the bipolar nickel-metal hydride battery development program is to approach advanced battery development from a systems level while incorporating technology advances from the lightweight nickel electrode field, hydride development, and design developments from nickel-hydrogen systems. This will result in a low-volume, simplified, less-expensive battery system that is ideal for small spacecraft applications. The goals of the program are to develop a 1-kilowatt, 28-volt (V), bipolar nickel-metal hydride battery with a specific energy of 100 watt-hours per kilogram (W-hr/kg), an energy density of 250 W-hr/liter and a 5-year life in low Earth orbit at 40-percent depth-of-discharge.

Manzo, Michelle A.↗

NASA NTRS1978

Orbiting Astronomical Observatory Battery and Power System Design

The battery design of OAO-C (OAO-3) is given and consists of three-20 ampere hour 22 series connected cells in the battery. There are three batteries per spacecraft. The packaging configuration is described. The charging-discharging operations and the voltage potential of the battery system are discussed. Graphs are presented for the voltage limits (battery voltage versus temperature) and end of dark voltages (battery voltage versus ampere-hours discharged) of the battery system used on OAO-3. Data tables are also presented which give a summary of the battery performance and a comparison of OAO-3 with OAO A-2.

F E Ford↗

DOE OSTI2026

Semi-Transparent Perovskite Solar Cells in a Stacked Tandem Module: Cooperative Research and Development Final Report, CRADA Number CRD-19-00810

This project seeks to develop device design, materials composition, and processing tools and parameters to fabricate semi-transparent perovskite solar cells and modules for application in stand-alone products or added to other solar cells in a mechanically stacked tandem configuration. This technology presents significant advanced manufacturing challenges and opportunities in getting to scale, including development of perovskite inks, scalable perovskite and heterojunction deposition and annealing processes, heterojunction composition, transparent electrode composition and deposition process, anti-reflection layer composition and deposition process, and cell to module integration processes. Modification 5: The proposed project seeks to develop device design, materials composition, and processing tools and parameters to fabricate semi-transparent perovskite solar cells and modules for application in stand-alone products or added to other solar cells in a mechanically-stacked tandem configuration. This technology presents significant advanced manufacturing challenges and opportunities in getting to scale, including development of perovskite inks, scalable perovskite and heterojunction deposition and annealing processes, heterojunction composition, transparent electrode composition and deposition process, passivation layers including in module scribes, anti-reflection layer composition and deposition process, and cell to module integration processes. Advanced metrology and characterization will be performed on perovskite films, cells and module. Furthermore, we will examine module or materials recycling for circular economy considerations. Modifcation 6: Gigahertz frequency microwave pump-probe spectroscopies are highly sensitive to thin film semiconductor photoconductivity of individual and stacks of layers that comprise perovskite solar cells. As such, these techniques will be used to qualify reproducibility and quality correlations during the manufacturing process. Modification 7: Mechanical adhesion of top contacts within perovskite modules significantly impacts the durability of the module when exposed to accelerated degradation testing. The adhesion between the perovskite/transport layer interface and the transport layer/top contact interface are both very sensitive small changes in processing. ALD processing conditions of the transport layer will be tuned to optimize the mechanical adhesion within the perovskite module stack.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2026

Influence of controlled disorder on the dipolar spin-ice state of Ho-based pyrochlores

Pyrochlore magnets of the form 𝑅 2 ⁢𝐵 2 ⁢O 7 , in which rare-earth ions on the 𝑅 site form a three-dimensional network of corner-sharing tetrahedra, provide a canonical setting for geometrical frustration. Ho-based pyrochlores host a dipolar spin-ice ground state, characterized by Ising moments constrained by the ice rules and elementary excitations analogous to magnetic monopoles. Here, in this work, we examine how controlled chemical disorder influences this state by introducing site mixing on the nonmagnetic 𝐵 site in two compounds. Ho 2⁢ GaSbO 7 contains only Ga 3+ /Sb 5+ charge disorder, whereas Ho 2 ⁢ScSbO 7 exhibits both charge and substantial size disorder arising from the large ionic-radius mismatch between Sc 3+ and Sb 5+ . Although both materials retain the pyrochlore structure, neutron-scattering measurements reveal a reduced correlation length for the 𝑅/𝐵-site cation ordering and enhanced local structural distortions in Ho 2 ⁢ScSbO 7 . Despite these structural differences, bulk thermodynamic measurements and magnetic diffuse scattering demonstrate that both systems exhibit the defining signatures of a dipolar spin-ice state. Low-energy inelastic neutron spectroscopy further uncovers broad magnetic excitations that develop within the dipolar spin-ice regime, a feature absent in pristine Ho pyrochlores and indicative of disorder-induced splitting of the non-Kramers ground-state doublet. Together, these results show that controlled disorder generates tunable transverse-field-driven quantum fluctuations in Ho-based pyrochlores, although the dipolar spin-ice state is remarkably robust to this disorder.

magnetic anisotropy↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Qualification Progress and Mission-Enabling Capabilities of the 12-kW Hall-Effect, Advanced Electric Propulsion System (AEPS) Thruster

An update of the 12 kW Advanced Electric Propulsion System (AEPS) qualification and flight thruster status is provided. Three flight thrusters completed acceptance testing in 2025 and have been delivered to NASA. Environmental qualification is complete and preparations are under way for long-duration life-demonstration testing. A brief overview of three of SEP’s programmatic lessons learned are discussed: risk management, contract oversight, and requirement definition. In addition, the extensibility of the AEPS thruster to enable a variety of NASA missions is presented.

Mars Exploration↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Remote Guidance of a Mothership-Daughtership Formation for Asteroid Exploration

This work presents an application of Model Predictive Control to maintain long-term stability for a three-satellite formation around the asteroid Apophis via remote guidance. The mothership and two daughterships perform tomographic characterization with a bistatic radar. The mothership estimates the states of all three spacecraft and determines the necessary control to maintain the desired antipodal daughtership states. An Extended Kalman Filter estimates the mothership states. A Batch Least Squares algorithm estimates the daughtership states and performs maneuver reconstruction for the mothership-administered thrust commands under thruster and gravitational uncertainty. The formulation maintains the antipodal angle with growing instability amidst these uncertainties.

Guidance↗

NASA NTRS1962

ELECTRIC PROPULSION- A NEW TECHNOLOGY

Within the past 3 years, electric thrust devices have passed from the first exploratory feasibility experiments to the flight-engineered hardware phase. This rapid surge of development has been punctuated by equally rapid improvements in the performance figures of electrical thrust devices. The most spectacular advances were made in ion engine technology. Total energy expenditure per ion pair has gone from 35,000 ev in 1958 to about 600 ev at the present time leading to power utilization efficiencies of up to 80 per cent, depending upon the specific impulse. The percentage of the particles intercepting the accelerating and focusing electrodes has been reduced from more than 50 per cent in 1958 to less than 0.01 per cent at the present time. Great improvements in ion current per unit area have also been realized, leading to greater thrust "pressures."

ELECTRIC PROPULSION↗

NASA NTRS1995

Transitional Flow in Thin Tubes for Space Station Freedom Radiator

A two dimensional finite volume method is used to predict the film coefficients in the transitional flow region (laminar or turbulent) for the radiator panel tubes. The code used to perform this analysis is CAST (Computer Aided Simulation of Turbulent Flows). The information gathered from this code is then used to augment a Sinda85 model that predicts overall performance of the radiator. A final comparison is drawn between the results generated with a Sinda85 model using the Sinda85 provided transition region heat transfer correlations and the Sinda85 model using the CAST generated data.

Patrick Loney↗

NASA NTRS1966

Proceedings of the Fifth Photovoltaic Specialists Conference: Volume II - Thin Film Solar Cells and Radiation Damage

This conference, the fifth of its kind, was cosponsored by IEEE, AIAA, and the NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center. Facilities for meetings and other arrangements were the responsibility of NASA-Goddard. Presentations are included in the order in which delivered at the conference and were prepared from papers submitted to the Power Information Center (PIC) through the IEEE. Presentations are arranged in three volumes and five sections reflecting the arrangement of the conference into three days and five sessions. Contents of the volumes are as follows: - Volume I - Advanced Solar Cells - Volume II - Thin Film Solar Cells and Radiation Damage - Volume III - Solar Power Systems Considerations

Conference↗