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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 217 records · Page 12
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1984

Postseismic deformation due to subcrustal viscoelastic relaxation following dip-slip earthquakes

The deformation of the earth following a dip-slip earthquake is calculated using a three layer rheological model and finite element techniques. The three layers are an elastic upper lithosphere, a standard linear solid lower lithosphere, and a Maxwell viscoelastic asthenosphere - a model previously analyzed in the strike-clip case (Cohen, 1981, 1982). Attention is focused on the magnitude of the postseismic subsidence and the width of the subsidence zone that can develop due to the viscoelastic response to coseismic reverse slip. Detailed analysis for a fault extending from the surface to 15 km with a 45 deg dip reveals that postseismic subsidence is sensitive to the depth to the asthenosphere but is only weakly dependent on lower lithosphere depth. The greatest subsidence occurs when the elastic lithosphere is about 30 km thick and the asthenosphere lies just below this layer (asthenosphere depth = 2 times the fault depth). The extremum in the subsidence pattern occurs at about 5 km from the surface trace of the fault and lies over the slip plane. In a typical case after a time t = 30 tau (tau = Maxwell time) following the earthquake, the subsidence at this point is 60 percent of the coseismic uplift. Unlike the horizontal deformation following a strike slip earthquake, significant vertical deformation due to asthenosphere flow persists for many times tau and the magnitude of the vertical deformation is not necessarily enhanced by having a partially relaxing lower lithosphere. Previously announced in STAR as N83-13683

Cohen, S. C.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Slip ring experience in long duration space applications

Ball Aerospace experience with slip rings in space extends back to 1962. Over 40 multi-ring assemblies have been flown and continuous operating lifetimes greater than 8 years at up to 60 rpm have been demonstrated. Slip rings provide multi-channel transfer of electrical power and signals in assemblies that are small in size and weight, and low in cost. By use of multiple brushes and sufficient copper within the assembly, power transfer efficiency better than 99.95 percent for high voltage circuits can be achieved. A low slip ring failure rate based on actual space operation totalling billions of ring revolutions has been established. Well qualified suppliers who have been making slip rings for space use for over 25 years are available. It is hoped that the suspected problem in SEASAT will not be allowed to prejudice space system designer against these very useful mechanisms.

Phinney, Damon D.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Pacific-North American plate motion from very long baseline interferometry compared with motion inferred from magnetic anomalies, transform faults, and earthquake slip vectors

Geodetic VLBI measurements were used to test whether the Pacific-North American plate velocity averaged over several years of direct observation (1984-1987) equals that averaged over millions of years. It was also tested whether this velocity parallels the San Andreas fault, transform faults and earthquake slip vectors in the Gulf of California, and earthquake slip vectors along the Queen Charlotte fault, along the Alaskan peninsula, and along the Kamchatkan peninsula. The VLBI data provide an estimate of the direction of plate motion that is independent of estimates from fault azimuths and earthquake slip vectors. The Euler vector determined from VLBI was found to be nearly identical to the Euler vector of plate motion model NUVEL-1, which is based on the trends of transform faults, earthquake slip vectors, and spreading rates from marine magnetic anomalies that average motion since 3 Ma. The velocity between the Pacific and North American plates averaged over the past several years equals or nearly equals its velocity averaged over the past several million years, the difference along their boundary nowhere exceeding 4 + or - 7 mm/yr.

Argus, Donald F.↗
NASA NTRS1991

A simplified method for determining the number of independent slip systems in crystals

A novel method for determining the number of independent slip systems for any family or a combination of families of slip systems is proposed, which is more direct than previous approaches. This technique makes it possible to easily determine, from the known operative slip systems, if the material is slip-system-deficient. The method also makes it possible to determine if twinning may contribute additional deformation modes.

Cotton, J. D.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Mechanism of slip and twinning

The objectives are to: (1) demonstrate the mechanisms of deformation in body centered cubic (BCC), face centered cubic (FCC), and hexagonal close-packed (HCP)-structure metals and alloys and in some ceramics as well; (2) examine the deformed microstructures (slip lines and twin boundaries) in different grains of metallic and ceramic specimens; and (3) study visually the deformed macrostructure (slip and twin bands) of metals and alloys. Some of the topics covered include: deformation behavior of materials, mechanisms of plastic deformation, slip bands, twin bands, ductile failure, intergranular fracture, shear failure, slip planes, crystal deformation, and dislocations in ceramics.

Rastani, Mansur↗
NASA NTRS1992

Stress near geometrically complex strike-slip faults - Application to the San Andreas fault at Cajon Pass, southern California

A model is presented to rationalize the state of stress near a geometrically complex major strike-slip fault. Slip on such a fault creates residual stresses that, with the occurrence of several slip events, can dominate the stress field near the fault. The model is applied to the San Andreas fault near Cajon Pass. The results are consistent with the geological features, seismicity, the existence of left-lateral stress on the Cleghorn fault, and the in situ stress orientation in the scientific well, found to be sinistral when resolved on a plane parallel to the San Andreas fault. It is suggested that the creation of residual stresses caused by slip on a wiggle San Andreas fault is the dominating process there.

Saucier, Francois↗
NASA NTRS2003

Manifestations of Strike-Slip Faulting on Ganymede

Voyager images of Ganymede suggested that strike-slip faulting may have taken place [1, 2], but the role of this process in shaping grooved terrain was uncertain. In Galileo high-resolution images of Ganymede's surface, we recognize three signature features of strike-slip faulting: (1) en echelon structures, (2) strike-slip duplexes, and (3) offset preexisting features. We have undertaken a study to recognize and map these features, and identify any morphological progressions of strike-slip features. This will allow a better understanding of the structural history of Ganymede, and the formation and evolution of grooved terrain.

DeRemer, Lindsay C.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Correlating dislocation structures to basal and prismatic slip bands near grain boundaries in tensile-tested Mg–4Al using a multiscale electron microscopy approach

Dislocation structures where basal and prismatic slip bands meet grain boundaries in tensile-tested Mg with 4 wt% Al (Mg–4Al) were studied using a multiscale electron microscopy approach to explore the assumptions made for the dislocation pileup theory: a) slip bands consist of dislocation arrays piling up near grain boundaries, and b) stress concentration in the adjacent grain is solely caused by dislocation pileup. After post-testing electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) scans, focused-ion-beam (FIB) lift-out specimens were prepared from regions of interest so that the specimen plane is parallel to the bulk sample surface to allow for direct correlation between mesoscale and microscale characterization. High dislocation density and the dislocation arrays in the slip bands corroborated with the first assumption. Evidence of plastic deformation in all grains, however, showed that the second assumption was false. Additionally, dislocation structures including crystal rotation boundaries and dislocations dissociating to the basal plane provide additional stress relief mechanisms near grain boundaries that are not accounted for in many crystal plasticity models, which requires auxiliary models to more accurately predict the stress and strain distribution in a microstructure.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2017

Simulating stick-slip failure in a sheared granular layer using a physics-based constitutive model

In this paper, we model laboratory earthquakes in a biaxial shear apparatus using the Shear-Transformation-Zone (STZ) theory of dense granular flow. The theory is based on the observation that slip events in a granular layer are attributed to grain rearrangement at soft spots called STZs, which can be characterized according to principles of statistical physics. We model lab data on granular shear using STZ theory and document direct connections between the STZ approach and rate-and-state friction. We discuss the stability transition from stable shear to stick-slip failure and show that stick slip is predicted by STZ when the applied shear load exceeds a threshold value that is modulated by elastic stiffness and frictional rheology. Finally, we also show that STZ theory mimics fault zone dilation during the stick phase, consistent with lab observations.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2017

Off-fault deformations and shallow slip deficit from dynamic rupture simulations with fault zone plasticity

Kinematic source inversions of major (M≥7) strike-slip earthquakes show that the slip at depth exceeds surface displacements measured in the field, and it has been suggested that this shallow slip deficit (SSD) is caused by distributed plastic deformation near the surface. We perform dynamic rupture simulations of M 7.2–7.4 earthquakes in elastoplastic media and analyze the sensitivity of SSD and off-fault deformation (OFD) to rock quality parameters. While linear simulations clearly underpredict observed SSD and OFDs, nonlinear simulations for a moderately fractured fault damage zone predict a SSD of 44–53% and OFDs of 39–48%, consistent with the 30–60% SSD and 46 ± 10% (1σ) OFD reported for the 1992 M 7.3 Landers earthquake. Finally, both SSD and OFDs are sensitive to the quality of the fractured rock mass inside the fault damage zone, and surface rupture is almost entirely suppressed in poor quality material.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2018

Gearbox high-speed-stage bearing slip induced by electric excitation in a test facility

The goal of this paper is to investigate the behaviour of the high-speed stage of a wind turbine gearbox during transient grid-loss events triggered at different power levels in a full-scale nacelle dynamometer test. The gear mesh behaviour and the bearing roller slip during these events are characterized by strain measurements placed in the gear teeth roots and embedded in the outer rings of the tapered roller bearing locating pair. From our experiments, we conclude that the high-speed stage experiences a multidimensional loading consisting of bending and torsional deformation during the transient event. This loading propagates throughout the gearbox and results in unfavourable loading conditions at the bearing that have the potential to go beyond the preload during the torque reversals that occur during the grid-loss event. During the torque reversal, roller slip can occur in the bearings. It is observed that the slip behaviour is directly linked to the initial power level of the generator. Electrically induced excitation that typically leads to dynamic torque events can therefore cause mechanical gearbox degradation.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2014

A new slip stacking RF system for a twofold power upgrade of Fermilab's Accelerator Complex

Fermilab's Accelerator Complex has been recently upgraded, in order to increase the 120 GeV proton beam power on target from about 400 kW to over 700 kW for NOvA and other future intensity frontier experiments. One of the key ingredients of the upgrade is the offloading of some Main Injector synchrotron operations - beam injection and RF manipulation called ''slip stacking'' - to the 8GeV Recycler Ring, which had until recently been used only for low-intensity antiproton storage and cooling. This required construction of two new 53 MHz RF systems for the slip-stacking manipulations. The cavities operate simultaneously at V peak ≲150 kV, but at slightly different frequencies (Δf=1260 Hz). Their installation was completed in September 2013. This article describes the novel solutions used in the design of the new cavities, their tuning system, and the associated high power RF system. First results showing effective operation of the RF system, beam capture and successful slip-stacking in the Recycler Ring are presented.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2017

In situ nanobeam electron diffraction strain mapping of planar slip in stainless steel

Nanobeam electron diffraction strain mapping has been used to measure the strain evolution in stainless steel under in situ deformation. As the amount of deformation increases, the leading dislocation of a planar slip band leaves behind a residual strain in the form of a small lattice expansion. Dislocation analysis confirmed that the dislocations involved were <011> type. Even though, the characteristic residual strain of planar slip has often been observed, it has never before been directly measured. Our conclusions provide a view into the dynamic mechanisms of planar slip, and showcase the possibilities of multidimensional in situ imaging.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Grain boundary slip transfer classification and metric selection with artificial neural networks

An artificial neural network is used to evaluate the effectiveness of six metrics and their combinations to assess whether slip transfers across grain boundaries in coarse-grained oligocrystalline Al foils. This approach extends the one- or two-dimensional projections formerly applied to analyze slip transfer. The accuracy of this binary classification reaches around 87% for the best single metric and around 90% when considering two or more metrics simultaneously. Here, the results suggest slip transfer mostly depends on the geometric relationship between grains. Training a double-layer network having 10 nodes per hidden layer with 40 measurements is sufficient to render the maximum accuracy.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Stabilizing Effect of High Pore Fluid Pressure on Slip Behaviors of Gouge-bearing Faults

We conducted experiments to investigate the influence of pore fluid pressure on the frictional strength and slip behavior of gouge bearing faults. Saw cut porous sandstone samples with a layer of gouge powders placed between the precut surfaces were deformed in the conventional triaxial loading configuration. A series of velocity-step tests were performed to measure the response of the friction coefficient to variations in sliding velocity. Pore volume changes were monitored during shearing of the gouge. Our results demonstrate that under constant effective pressure, increasing pore pressure stabilizes the frictional slip of faults with all four gouge materials including antigorite, olivine, quartz, and chrysotile. The stabilizing effect is the strongest in antigorite gouge, which shows an evolution of friction parameters from velocity-weakening toward velocity-strengthening behavior with increasing pore pressure. Experiments with controlled pore volume show that the pore volume reduction diminishes under high pore fluid pressures, implying an increasing dilation component at these conditions. The dilatant hardening mechanism can explain the observed strengthening. These results provide a possible explanation to the observed spatial correlation between slow slip events and high pore pressure in many subduction zones.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Shallow Aseismic Slip in the Delaware Basin Determined by Sentinel-1 InSAR

The Delaware Basin, Texas is currently a hot-spot of induced seismicity and ground deformation due to fluid extraction and injection associated with horizontal drilling techniques; however, the driving mechanism behind the seismicity and deformation remains under debate. Here, using vertical and east-west horizontal surface deformation measurements derived from Sentinel-1 interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), we show that the subsurface responds differently to oil and gas activity in the northern and southeastern portions of the basin. In the north, where there is little seismicity, deformation patterns display long-wavelengths and equidimensional patterns. In contrast, the southeast region hosts most of the seismicity and displays spatial deformation patterns with narrow linear features that strike parallel to the maximum principal horizontal stress and to trends in seismicity, suggesting movement along normal faults. We model a linear deformation feature using edge dislocations and show that the InSAR observations can be reproduced by slip on normal faults contained within the Delaware Mountain Group (DMG), the formation that hosts local wastewater injection and the majority of earthquakes. Our model consists of three parallel, high-angle normal faults, with two dipping toward one another in a graben structure. Slip magnitudes reach up to 25 cm and are spatially correlated with injection wells. Measured seismicity can only explain ~2% of the fault motion predicted by our fault model, suggesting that slip leading to the deformation is predominantly aseismic. We conclude that seismic and aseismic fault motion in the southeastern Delaware Basin is likely driven by wastewater injection near critically-stressed normal faults within the DMG.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2015

Slip length crossover on a graphene surface

Using equilibrium and non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations, we study the flow of argon fluid above the critical temperature in a planar nanochannel delimited by graphene walls. We observe that, as a function of pressure, the slip length first decreases due to the decreasing mean free path of gas molecules, reaches the minimum value when the pressure is close to the critical pressure, and then increases with further increase in pressure. We demonstrate that the slip length increase at high pressures is due to the fact that the viscosity of fluid increases much faster with pressure than the friction coefficient between the fluid and the graphene. This behavior is clearly exhibited in the case of graphene due to a very smooth potential landscape originating from a very high atomic density of graphene planes. By contrast, on surfaces with lower atomic density, such as an (100) Au surface, the slip length for high fluid pressures is essentially zero, regardless of the nature of interaction between fluid and the solid wall.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2015

Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of Cu-water nanofluid due to a rotating disk with partial slip

This paper investigates MHD steady flow of viscous nanofluid due to a rotating disk. Water is treated as a base fluid and copper as nanoparticle. Nanofluid fills the porous medium. Effects of partial slip, viscous dissipation and thermal radiation are also considered. Similarity transformations reduce the nonlinear partial differential equations to ordinary differential equations. Flow and heat transfer characteristics are computed by HAM solutions. Also computations for skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number are presented and examined for pertinent parameters. It is noted that higher velocity slip parameter decreases the radial and azimuthal velocities while temperature decreases for larger values of the thermal slip parameter. Also the rate of heat transfer enhances when the nanoparticle volume fraction increases.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗