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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 217 records · Page 12
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

The Data Acquisition System for Phase-III of the BeEST Experiment

The BeEST experiment is a precision laboratory search for physics beyond the standard model that measures the electron capture decay of 7 Be implanted into superconducting tunnel junction (STJ) detectors. For Phase-III of the experiment, we constructed a continuously sampling data acquisition system to extract pulse shape and timing information from 16 STJ pixels offline. Four additional pixels are read out with a fast list-mode digitizer, and one with a nuclear MCA already used in the earlier limit-setting phases of the experiment. Here, we present the performance of the data acquisition system and discuss the relative advantages of the different digitizers.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Development of a FELIX based readout system for ITk strip hybrid module demonstrator for ATLAS Phase-II Upgrade

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will undergo a major upgrade around 2024 with a roughly tenfold increase in luminosity. It results in corresponding increases in particle rates and radiation doses that the current ATLAS Inner Tracking Detector cannot cope with. Therefore the ATLAS experiment will build a new all-silicon tracking system called the ITk (Inner Tracker) that includes an inside pixel detector close to the beam line and a strip detector in outside layer. Meanwhile the ATLAS experiment will adopt the Front-End Link eXchange (FELIX) system as the interface between the data acquisition and front-end electronics for all sub-detectors in the Phase II Upgrade. In this contribution, we present a prototype of FELIX based readout system for the strip hybrid module. Its hardware, firmware and software GUI application will be discussed, as well as integration test results.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Gravitational waves from first-order phase transitions in Majoron models of neutrino mass

We show how the generation of right-handed neutrino masses in Majoron models may be associated with a first-order phase transition and accompanied by the production of a stochastic background of gravitational waves (GWs). We explore different energy scales with only renormalizable operators in the effective potential. If the phase transition occurs above the electroweak scale, the signal can be tested by future interferometers. We consider two possible energy scales for phase transitions below the electroweak scale. If the phase transition occurs at a GeV, the signal can be tested at LISA and provide a complementary cosmological probe to right-handed neutrino searches at the FASER detector. If the phase transition occurs below 100 keV, we find that the peak of the GW spectrum is two or more orders of magnitude below the putative NANOGrav GW signal at low frequencies, but well within reach of the SKA and THEIA experiments. We show how searches of very low frequency GWs are motivated by solutions to the Hubble tension in which ordinary neutrinos interact with the dark sector. We also present general calculations of the phase transition temperature and Euclidean action that apply beyond Majoron models.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
NASA NTRS1984

Charge-coupled device camera for the Galileo Jupiter Orbiter spacecraft

A slow-scan television camera called the solid-state imaging subsystem (SSI), built for the Galileo Jupiter Orbiter, is described. The SSI consists of a 1500-mm focal-length telescope coupled to a camera head housing a 800 x 800-element charge-coupled device (CCD) detector based on 'virtual-phase' charge transfer technology. The CCD detector provides broadband sensitivity over 100 times that of a comparable vidicon-tube camera, while also yielding improved resolution, linearity, geometric fidelity, and spectral range. The system noise floor is 30 electrons, which results in a dynamic range of about 3500. Saturation of the detector with 9000-A light, followed by a high-speed erasure cycle prior to exposing each image, stabilizes the detector quantum efficiency at its maximum level for wavelengths beyond 7000 A. An optical schematic diagram of the SSI is included.

Klaasen, K. P.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Snowmass Instrumentation Frontier IF08 Topical Group Report: Noble Element Detectors

Particle detectors making use of noble elements in gaseous, liquid, or solid phases are prevalent in neutrino and dark matter experiments and are also used to a lesser extent in collider-based particle physics experiments. These experiments take advantage of both the very large, ultra-pure target volumes achievable and the multiple observable signal pathways possible in noble-element based particle detectors. As these experiments seek to increase their sensitivity, novel and improved technologies will be needed to enhance the precision of their measurements and to broaden the reach of their physics programs. The areas of R&D in noble element instrumentation that have been identified by the HEP community in the Snowmass process are highlighted by five key messages: IF08-1) Enhance and combine existing modalities (scintillation and electron drift) to increase signal-to-noise and reconstruction fidelity; IF08-2) Develop new modalities for signal detection in noble elements, including methods based on ion drift, metastable fluids, solid-phase detectors and dissolved targets. Collaborative and blue-sky R&D should also be supported to enable advances in this area; IF08-3) Improve the understanding of detector microphysics and calibrate detector response in new signal regimes; IF08-4) Address challenges in scaling technologies, including material purification, background mitigation, large-area readout, and magnetization; and IF08-5) Train the next generation of researchers, using fast-turnaround instrumentation projects to provide the design-through-result training no longer possible in very-large-scale experiments. This topical group report identifies and documents recent developments and future needs for noble element detector technologies. In addition, we highlight the opportunity that this area of research provides for continued training of the next generation of scientists.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2021

High Data Rate Detector for Neutron Reflectometer

Neutron reflectometers are a class of instruments that employ neutron diffraction for measuring the structure of thin films. The technique provides valuable information over a wide variety of scientific and technological applications including chemical aggregation, polymer and surfactant adsorption, structure of thin film magnetic systems, biological membranes, etc. Such instruments are considered to be one of the most important in the neutron science field. Newer facilities place growing demands on the count rate capability of the specialized neutron detectors required. Proportional Technologies completed the Phase I effort successfully with a fully operational prototype detector built at PTI and tested at the CG1A neutron beam of the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR, Oak Ridge, TN). The prototype incorporated 3 panels of 14 copper-walled cells each (total of 42 cells), each lined with 1.3 μm of 10B4C. The detector was tested for efficiency, spatial resolution, count rate linearity, uniformity, overlap and scatter. Testing revealed stable operation, uniform response across cells, and successful resolution of individual cells. The maximum count rate tested in the 3 panels combined was 590 kHz, limited by a deadtime of about 1 μs in the digital electronics. The local rate measured in a single cell showed no deadtime losses up to 810 cps/mm2, indicating that a rate of 20 Mhz can be supported in the 308-cell detector planned for Phase II.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
NASA NTRS1980

Pioneer Venus Sounder Probe Solar Flux Radiometer

The Solar Flux Radiometer aboard the Pioneer Venus Sounder Probe operated successfully during its descent through the atmosphere of Venus. The instrument measured atmospheric radiance over the spectral range from 400 to 1800 nm as a function of altitude. Elevation and azimuthal measurements on the radiation field were made with five optical channels. Twelve filtered Si and Ge photovoltaic detectors were maintained near 30 C with a phase-change material. The detector output currents were processed with logarithmic transimpedance converters and digitized with an 11-bit A/D converter. Atmospheric sampling in both elevation and azimuth was done according to a Gaussian integration scheme. The serial output data averaged 20 bits/sec, including housekeeping (sync, spin period, sample timing and mode). The data were used to determine the deposition of solar energy in the atmosphere of Venus between 67 km and the surface along with upward and downward fluxes and radiances with an altitude resolution of several hundred meters. The results allow for more accurate modeling of the radiation balance of the atmosphere than previously possible.

Tomasko, M. G.↗
DOE OSTI2020

First results on ProtoDUNE-SP liquid argon time projection chamber performance from a beam test at the CERN Neutrino Platform

The ProtoDUNE-SP detector is a single-phase liquid argon time projection chamber with an active volume of 7.2× 6.1× 7.0 m3. It is installed at the CERN Neutrino Platform in a specially-constructed beam that delivers charged pions, kaons, protons, muons and electrons with momenta in the range 0.3 GeV/c to 7 GeV/c. Beam line instrumentation provides accurate momentum measurements and particle identification. The ProtoDUNE-SP detector is a prototype for the first far detector module of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment, and it incorporates full-size components as designed for that module. This paper describes the beam line, the time projection chamber, the photon detectors, the cosmic-ray tagger, the signal processing and particle reconstruction. It presents the first results on ProtoDUNE-SP's performance, including noise and gain measurements, dE/dx calibration for muons, protons, pions and electrons, drift electron lifetime measurements, and photon detector noise, signal sensitivity and time resolution measurements. The measured values meet or exceed the specifications for the DUNE far detector, in several cases by large margins. ProtoDUNE-SP's successful operation starting in 2018 and its production of large samples of high-quality data demonstrate the effectiveness of the single-phase far detector design.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
NASA NTRS1996

Mission Operations and Data Analysis Phase of the SupraThermal through Energetic Particle detector (STEP) of the EPACT experiment on the Wind Spacecraft

Scientific studies of energetic particle populations observed by STEP are summarized. Science highlights cover: upstream He-3 events general upstream events, energy spectra of ions accelerated in impulsive and gradual solar events, impulsive solar particle events, and corotating interaction regions. Bibliographies of journal publications and papers presented at conferences are also provided.

Mason, G. M.↗
DOE OSTI2024

SBIR Phase I Final Technical Report MODULAR NEUTRON DETECTOR ARRAY FOR PROTEIN CRYSTALLOGRAPHY BEAM LINES Award Number DE-SC0024828 Prepared for U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, SC-1 For the Period July 22, 2024 – April 21, 2025 Report Date November 22, 2024 Submitted by Vivek V. Nagarkar, Ph.D., Principal Investigator Report Contributors Mr. Nicholas Anastasi, Dr. Charles Sosa, Dr. Jun Wang, Dr. Lakshmi Soundara Pandian and Dr. Vivek V. Nagarkar

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Nagarkar, Vivek V.↗
DOE OSTI2025

PMT calibration for the JSNS^2-II far detector with an embedded LED system

The JSNS^2-II (the second phase of JSNS^2, J-PARC Sterile Neutrino Search at J-PARC Spallation Neutron Source) is an experiment aimed at searching for sterile neutrinos. Here, this experiment has entered its second phase, employing two liquid scintillator detectors located at near and far positions from the neutrino source. Recently, the far detector of the experiment has been completed and is currently in the calibration phase. The following properties of all functioning Photo-Multiplier-Tubes (PMTs) to detect the neutrino events in the far detector have been calibrated: PMT gain, its dependence of supplied High Voltage (HV), Peak-to-Valley (PV), and signal timing. This paper presents a detailed description of the calibration process utilizing the LED system. The LED system of the far detector uses two Ultra-Violet (UV) LEDs, which are effective in calibrating all of the PMTs at once. The UV light is converted into the visible light wavelengths inside liquid scintillator via the wavelength shifters, providing pseudo-isotropic light. To achieve a good energy resolution for physics events, a relative gain adjustment of up to 10% is required for all functioning PMTs. This will be achieved using the HV curves measured and the results of the LED calibration. The Peak-to-Valley (PV) ratio values, which distinguish the single photo-electron signal from the pedestal, are similar to those from the production company. Additionally, the precision of the PMT signal timing is measured to be 2.1 ns. This meets the event reconstruction requirement of 10 ns.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2020

A measurement of absolute efficiency of the ARAPUCA photon detector in liquid argon

In the Fall of 2017, two photon detector designs for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) Far Detector were installed and tested in the TallBo liquid argon (LAr) cryostat at the Proton Assembly (PAB) facility, Fermilab. The designs include two light bars developed at Indiana University and a photon detector based on the ARAPUCA light trap engineered by Colorado State University and Fermilab. The performance of these devices is determined by analyzing 8 weeks of cosmic ray data. The current paper focuses solely on the ARAPUCA device as the performance of the light bars will be reported separately. The article briefly describes the ARAPUCA concept, the TallBo setup, and focuses on data analysis and results.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2020

Design and implementation of the new scintillation light detection system of ICARUS T600

ICARUS T600 is the far detector of the Short Baseline Neutrino program at Fermilab (U.S.A.), which foresees three Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers along the Booster Neutrino Beam line to search for LSND-like sterile neutrino signal. The T600 detector underwent a significant overhauling process at CERN, introducing new technological developments while maintaining the already achieved performances. The realization of a new liquid argon scintillation light detection system is a primary task of the detector overhaul. As the detector will be subject to a huge flux of cosmic rays, the light detection system should allow the 3D reconstruction of events contributing to the identification of neutrino interactions in the beam spill gate. The design and implementation of the new scintillation light detection system of ICARUS T600 is described.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2020

SuperCDMS Event Reconstruction Using Convolutional Neural Networks [Thesis]

The SuperCDMS experiment uses cryogenic silicon and germanium detectors to search for dark matter candidates such as WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles) streaming through the Earth. Collisions in the silicon and germanium crystals are expected to produce phonons whose thermal signatures can be measured. This thesis first describes the integration of a new Signal Distribution Unit (SDU) to the SuperCDMS data acquisition system, which allows for synchronization of multiple detectors and electronic/mechanical noise characterization via accelerometer, antenna, and AC phase measurements. From SuperCDMS detector data it is necessary to reconstruct the energies of the particle events. This thesis explores the use of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to perform this reconstruction and finds that, although they perform well, changing the noise model breaks the model and requires the neural network to be retrained. In order to mitigate this issue, a new CNN model is proposed which includes the noise Power Spectral Density (PSD) of the data as an additional input to the CNN. While it proves to be effective as a denoising algorithm, it still fails for data with a different noise model. However, including data from multiple PSDs in the neural network training sample allows it to handle data with different types of noise while still maintaining the quality of the reconstruction. Nevertheless, neural networks trained even on multiple PSDs do not robustly handle data taken with PSDs dissimilar to those in the training sample, suggesting that CNNs may need to be retrained whenever the noise environment changes in a significant way.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
NASA NTRS2014

Magnetic Tunnel Junction-Based On-Chip Microwave Phase and Spectrum Analyzer

A magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ)-based microwave detector is proposed and investigated. When the MTJ is excited by microwave magnetic fields, the relative angle between the free layer and pinned layer alternates, giving rise to an average resistance change. By measuring the average resistance change, the MTJ can be utilized as a microwave power sensor. Due to the nature of ferromagnetic resonance, the frequency of an incident microwave is directly determined. In addition, by integrating a mixer circuit, the MTJ-based microwave detector can also determine the relative phase between two microwave signals. Thus, the MTJbased microwave detector can be used as an on-chip microwave phase and spectrum analyzer.

Fan, Xin↗
DOE OSTI2021

Phase effects from strong gravitational lensing of gravitational waves

Assessing the probability that two or more gravitational wave (GW) events are lensed images of the same source requires an understanding of the properties of the lensed images. For short enough wavelengths where wave effects can be neglected, lensed images will generically have a fixed relative phase shift that needs to be taken into account in the lensing hypothesis. For non-precessing, circular binaries dominated by quadrupole radiation these lensing phase shifts are degenerate with either a shift in the coalescence phase or a detector and inclination dependent shift in the orientation angle. This degeneracy is broken by the presence of higher harmonic modes with |m| ≠ 2 in the former and |m| ≠ l in the latter. The presence of precession or eccentricity will also break this degeneracy. This implies that a lensed GW image will not necessarily be consistent with (unlensed) predictions from general relativity (GR). Therefore, unlike the conventional scenario of electromagnetic waves, strong lensing of GWs can lead to images with a modified phase evolution that can be observed. However, we find that templates with a shifted orientation angle remain a good approximation, with signal-to-noise ratio differences of less than 1% for mass ratios up to 1/18, and less than 5% for precession parameters up to 0.5 and eccentricities up to 0.4. We conclude that an optimal strong lensing search strategy would incorporate phase information in all stages of the identification of strong-lensing, with an exact treatment in the final assessment of the probability of multiple lensed events. Here, this work clarifies the role that strong lensing plays in the phase evolution of GWs: how it can lead to apparent deviations from GR, how it can affect the detectability of GW events, and how it can be exploited to help identify cases of strong gravitational lensing of gravitational wave sources.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
NASA NTRS2014

Magnetic Tunnel Junction-Based On-Chip Microwave Phase and Spectrum Analyzer

A magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ)-based microwave detector is proposed and investigated. When the MTJ is excited by microwave magnetic fields, the relative angle between the free layer and pinned layer alternates, giving rise to an average resistance change. By measuring the average resistance change, the MTJ can be utilized as a microwave power sensor. Due to the nature of ferromagnetic resonance, the frequency of an incident microwave is directly determined. In addition, by integrating a mixer circuit, the MTJ-based microwave detector can also determine the relative phase between two microwave signals. Thus, the MTJ-based microwave detector can be used as an on-chip microwave phase and spectrum analyzer.

microwave spectra↗