Inorganic-organic hybrid thin-film transistors using inorganic semiconducting films
Inorganic semiconducting compounds, composites and compositions thereof, and related device structures.
Marks, Tobin J.↗
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Inorganic-organic hybrid thin-film transistors using inorganic semiconducting films
Inorganic semiconducting compounds, composites and compositions thereof, and related device structures.
Marks, Tobin J.↗
Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Thin-Film Transistors Using Inorganic Semiconducting Films
Inorganic semiconducting compounds, composites and compositions thereof, and related device structures.
Marks, Tobin J.↗
Inorganic ternary halide semiconductors for hard radiation detection
Methods and devices for detecting incident radiation, such as incident X-rays, gamma-rays, and/or alpha particle radiation are provided. The methods and devices use high purity, high quality single-crystals of inorganic semiconductor compounds, including solid solutions, having the formula AB2X5, where A represents Tl or In, B represents Sn or Pb, and X represents Br or I, as photoelectric materials.
Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.↗
Family of Robust and Strongly Luminescent CuI-Based Hybrid Networks Made of Ionic and Dative Bonds
The CuI-derived inorganic–organic hybrid compounds are considered as promising phosphors for the lighting industry. Herein, exploiting N-monoalkylated hexaminium salts, [R-HMTA]X (R = Me, Et, Pr, and propargyl; X = Cl and I), as multibridging ligands, we have designed and synthesized a unique class of one-dimensional and two-dimensional hybrid CuI-materials. The reactions of these salts with CuI give rise to All-in-One (AIO) type compounds combining ionic and dative bonds between inorganic and organic components. The latter is formed by structurally unique inorganic [Cu x I y ] (y–x)– clusters, chains, or sheets interconnected through [R-HMTA] + cations via multiple Cu–N bonds. The so-designed compounds at ambient temperature exhibit tunable luminescence spanning from deep blue to red color (λ em = 430–625 nm) with microsecond lifetimes and the quantum efficiency of up to 78%. Remarkably, the AIO materials feature nontrivial excitation- (ED) and temperature-dependent (TD) luminescence, allowing their emission color to be finely adjusted from deep blue to red through changing the excitation wavelength and/or temperature. Based on the TD emission spectroscopy and theoretical calculations, a possible mechanism of the luminescence has been proposed. In conclusion, the very interesting luminescence characteristics coupled with good thermal and photostability render these AIO hybrid materials possible candidates for applications in energy-efficient lighting devices.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Origin, development, and diagenesis of biogeochemical compounds.
Organic-inorganic interactions as they relate to origin, development and diagenesis of biogeochemical matter, noting synthesis leading to organized cell structures
Degens, E. T.↗
The effect of rare-earth substitution on the Debye temperature of inorganic phosphors
In the quest to predict photoluminescent efficiency in rare-earth substituted inorganic phosphors, research has shown that materials consisting of ordered, rigid crystal structures tend to possess the highest photoluminescent quantum yields. A compound's Debye temperature (Θ D ), which can be calculated using ab initio calculations, is an ideal proxy for quantitatively comparing structural rigidity among different inorganic compounds, allowing potentially efficient phosphors to be selected from large crystal structure databases. However, the high computational cost of these calculations limits estimating Θ D for unsubstituted host crystal structures only. It is assumed that the low substitution concentration of the rare-earth luminescent center does not significantly influence a material's Debye temperature. This work evaluates the validity of this approximation by examining the effect of luminescent center substitution on a host structure's Θ D . Two well-known phosphors, (Y 1– x Ce x ) 3 Al 5 O 12 ( x = 0 – 0.05) and Ba 1-δ Eu δ MgAl 10 O 17 (δ = 0 – 0.15), were synthesized with varying rare-earth concentrations, while Θ D was computationally estimated and then determined by ultrasonic pulse-echo speed-of-sound and low-temperature heat capacity measurements. Overall, the ensuing results provide key implications for using Θ D as a proxy for structural rigidity in substituted inorganic compounds.
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
From Carbene-Dithiolene Zwitterion Mediated B–H Bond Activation to BH 3 ·SMe 2 -Assisted Boron–Boron Bond Formation
Not Available
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
Ambient cure polyimide foams prepared from aromatic polyisocyanates, aromatic polycarboxylic compounds, furfuryl alcohol, and a strong inorganic acid
Flame and temperature resistant polyimide foams are prepared by the reaction of an aromatic dianhydride, e.g., pyromellitic dianhydride, with an aromatic polyisocyanate, e.g., polymethylene polyphenylisocyanate (PAPI) in the presence of an inorganic acid and a lower molecular weight alcohol, e.g., dilute sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid and furfuryl alcohol. The exothermic reaction between the acid and the alcohol provides the heat necessary for the other reactants to polymerize without the application of any external heat. Such mixtures, therefore, are ideally suited for in situ foam formation, especially where the application of heat is not practical or possible.
Sawko, Paul M.↗
Reaction-Induced Fracturing of Porous Carbonate Rocks during Volume-Increasing Replacement by Witherite
Volume-increasing replacement reactions can lead either to fracturing of the parent phase or to the formation of cohesive layers that passivate further reaction, but the factors that drive one outcome or the other are not understood. In this experimental study, we investigated the volume-increasing replacement of carbonate rocks (consisting of CaCO 3 and CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 ) of different porosity by witherite (BaCO 3 ). Samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, small-angle neutron/X-ray scattering, X-ray tomography, and scanning transmission electron microscopy. We observed the formation of a witherite reaction layer and witherite formation within pores and along grain boundaries. Despite this being a volume-increasing replacement reaction, newly formed witherite was porous, potentially allowing further replacement. Filled fractures were observed in the low-porosity carbonates, whereas witherite formed within pores in high-porosity carbonates. We conclude that fracturing of the parent phase versus passivation is contingent on the initial microstructure of the parent with an optimal degree of porosity required for fracturing.
Calcite↗
Electrochemical C–N Bond Formation within Boron Imidazolate Cages Featuring Single Copper Sites
Electrocatalysis expands the ability to generate industrially relevant chemicals locally and on-demand with intermittent renewable energy, thereby improving grid resiliency and reducing supply logistics. Herein, we report the feasibility of using molecular copper boron-imidazolate cages, BIF-29(Cu), to enable coupling between the electroreduction reaction of CO 2 (CO 2 RR) with NO 3 – reduction (NO 3 RR) to produce urea with high selectivity of 68.5% and activity of 424 μA cm –2 . Remarkably, BIF-29(Cu) is among the most selective systems for this multistep C–N coupling to-date, despite possessing isolated single-metal sites. The mechanism for C–N bond formation was probed with a combination of electrochemical analysis, in situ spectroscopy, and atomic-scale simulations. We found that NO 3 RR and CO 2 RR occur in tandem at separate copper sites with the most favorable C–N coupling pathway following the condensation between *CO and NH 2 OH to produce urea. In conclusion, this work highlights the utility of supramolecular metal–organic cages with atomically discrete active sites to enable highly efficient coupling reactions.
32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
Exfoliation of Cu-Containing Poly(triazine imide): From Three-Dimensional to Two-Dimensional Particle Morphology
Controlling the morphological parameters of extended covalent organic frameworks remains challenging and represents an important yet often elusive metric of consideration. Typically, carbon nitride materials possess local ordering but remain largely amorphous in terms of their long-range order and orientation. This study probes the synthesis of a crystalline carbon nitride, poly(triazine imide) lithium bromide which possesses an atomically-precise extended structure, and demonstrates its exfoliation into a two-dimensional hexagonal sheet-like morphology. Furthermore, a previously unreported carbon nitride material, poly(triazine imide) copper bromide, or PTI-CuBr, was developed through an additional flux-assisted cation-exchange process and is shown to retain its internal Cu cations during solvothermal exfoliation. Characterization by dynamic light scattering and high-angle annular dark-field scanning electron microscopy reveals the morphological changes and captures the high aspect ratio of the thin carbon nitride sheets with <10 nm thickness while maintaining hundreds of nm in width. Additional characterization by energy-dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms that the Cu:Br:N molar ratio was maintained within the extended layers throughout the exfoliation process. This top-down synthesis approach differs from typical methods that isolate thin sheets for subsequent metal−cation coordination and illustrates the importance of maintaining oxygen-free conditions to minimize copper clustering. Thus, this new approach is demonstrated to provide a consistent and more homogeneous occupancy of the PTI pore spaces throughout the carbon nitride framework.
Exfoliation↗
Structure and bonding in rhodium coordination compounds: a 103 Rh solid-state NMR and relativistic DFT study
We present the rapid and robust acquisition of 103 Rh solid-state NMR spectra for a series of inorganic and organometallic compounds. Relativistic DFT calculations provide relationships between 103 Rh chemical shift tensors, structure, and bonding.
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
NH 3 -Mediated Reactive Capture and Conversion: Integrating CO 2 Absorption from Flue Gas with CO Production via NH 4 HCO 3 Electrolysis
Efficient carbon capture and utilization require strategies that minimize energy penalties of CO 2 regeneration and compression. Reactive capture and conversion (RCC) address this challenge by integrating capture with direct electrochemical conversion. Here, we show an NH3-mediated tandem RCC system that couples capture of CO 2 from simulated flue gas (10% v/v CO 2 in N 2 ) with electroreduction of NH 4 HCO 3 to CO over a Ni single-atom catalyst (Ni-SAC). Speciation modeling and capture experiments revealed that a deep CO 2 capture with C/N ratio of 0.65 was achieved using 2.5 M NH 3 from simulated flue gas. Electrolysis of the resulting NH 4 HCO 3 on the Ni- SAC delivered an 85% CO Faradaic efficiency at 100 mA/cm 2 with excellent tolerance to NH 3 /NH 4 + as confirmed by DFT calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations. Further, the technoeconomic analysis established a levelized total cost of CO manufacturing of $25.43/kmol, gauging the practical viability. Overall, this study holds great potential to decarbonize the chemical manufacturing industry while reducing synthetic production costs.
32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
Exploring the Role of Organic Functional Groups in the Ionothermal Synthesis of Uranyl Phosphate Materials
Four new hybrid organic-inorganic uranyl phosphate compounds were structurally characterized after single crystals were grown via ionothermal synthesis using the ionic liquids 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dimethyl phosphate and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dibutyl phosphate. Three of the new crystal structures presented here incorporate dimethyl or monomethyl phosphate ligands into the structural unit to form one chain-based compound and two sheet-based compounds. One of the structures utilizes dibutyl phosphate to form a previously reported uranyl compound, a structural polymorph that crystallized in space group P2 1 /c in contrast to the previously reported P-1 structure. The structural and topological relationships are compared to those of uranyl phosphate minerals as well as previously reported organophosphate compounds. Finally, the roles of the organics on the phosphate anions in impacting uranyl coordination and stabilizing the crystal structures are discussed.
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
Recent Insights Into Interfacial Transport and Chemical Reactions of Plasma–Generated Species in Liquid
The chemistry of plasma–liquid interactions involves a complex interplay of physical and chemical processes at the plasma–liquid interface. These interactions give rise to the generation, transport, and transformation of various reactive species. Since the publication of the Lorenz Roadmap in 2016, significant progress has been made in understanding the interfacial transport and coupled reactions of plasma-generated species with inorganic and organic compounds. However, critical aspects of plasma–liquid chemistry and mass transfer still require further investigation. Here, this review summarizes recent work on processes at the plasma–liquid interface and the coupled reactions in the liquid phase. We highlight key findings related to the involvement of O atoms, H radicals, solvated electrons, photons, and nitrogen-derived species at the interface and within the bulk liquid.
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
Photoluminescence in Tagging: A Glowing Review
This literature review explores the options of using photoluminescence for tagging uranium fuel and zirconium cladding in order to easily and quickly associate interdicted material to its facility of origin or pathway after loss of institutional control. Photoluminescence is the spontaneous emission of radiation by a substance when excited by interaction with light. The source of photoluminescence can be from organic, inorganic, and organometallic compounds. Each luminophore, or compound responsible for luminescent properties, has individual strengths and weaknesses, depending on the intended use. Many factors can affect the brightness, lifetime, color, and detectability of luminophores, such as humidity, temperature, oxygen availability, noise from radiation–induced luminescence, and the presence of quenching substances like iron. Application of luminescent compound to the surface of an item can be done using paint, dye, thin film, thick film, or electrochemical coating. Several of the application techniques may have secondary functions such as corrosion resistance and detection, heat resistance, protective properties, and more. When considering cladding, there are various successful studies on the application of luminescent coatings on zirconium. However, significant research will be necessary to explore which luminophore and which application technique would best fit the intended use. In order to proceed with this research, a baseline of the natural luminescence of the intended base material (nuclear fuel or cladding) is necessary. While there may be issues with background noise, quenching from the environment, quenching from the substrate, signal to noise weakness, etc. the multitude of options may make photoluminescent tagging an option. In summary, this review has demonstrated that photoluminescence is a potential option to tag nuclear fuel and cladding, but additional paper–studies, testing, and research is required to understand the compatibility of luminescent tags in nuclear reactor environments, manufacturability, and detectability.
11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
Inorganic Halide Perovskitoid TlPbI 3 for Ionizing Radiation Detection
Room temperature semiconductor detector (RTSD) materials for γ-ray and X-ray radiation are in great demand for the nonproliferation of nuclear materials as well as for biomedical imaging applications. Halide perovskites have attracted great attention as emerging and promising RTSD materials. In this contribution, the material synthesis, purification, crystal growth, crystal structure, photoluminescence properties, ionizing radiation detection performance, and electronic structure of the inorganic halide perovskitoid compound TlPbI 3 are reported on. This compound crystallizes in the ABX 3 non-perovskite crystal structure with a high density of d = 6.488 g·cm –3 , has a wide bandgap of 2.25 eV, and melts congruently at a low temperature of 360 °C without phase transitions, which allows for facile growth of high quality crystals with few thermally-activated defects. High-quality TlPbI 3 single crystals of centimeter-size are grown using the vertical Bridgman method using purified raw materials. A high electrical resistivity of ≈10 12 Ω·cm is readily obtainable, and detectors made of TlPbI 3 single crystals are highly photoresponsive to Ag K α X-rays (22.4 keV), and detects 122 keV γ-rays from 57 Co radiation source. The electron mobility-lifetime product µ e τ e was estimated at 1.8 × 10 –5 cm 2 ·V –1 . A high relative static dielectric constant of 35.0 indicates strong capability in screening carrier scattering and charged defects in TlPbI 3 .
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗