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Gigahertz Photon-counting Array Detector (GigaPAD)
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TRL Advancement & Qualification for UV & UV/Vis Photon Counting & Scientific Si Detector Arrays
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Increasing the data rate of a photon-starved optical communication system that uses a low-rate detector array
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Characterization of a 15-μm cutoff HgCdTe detector array for astronomy
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Gamma Ray Pixel Designs for the U1A Detector Array: Data comparisons and Sensitivity Studies with GEANT4 simulations
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Keck-PAD Fast-Framing Hybrid X-ray Pixel Array Detector
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Development of Gamma-Ray Pixels for an NDSE Detector Array using a GEANT4-Based Response Model
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Facility scale in-situ source localization and assay via a sparse 3He neutron detector array: enhancing nuclear material control and accounting in nuclear fuel cycle facilities
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Design and Commissioning of a Next-Generation Dual n-gamma Detector Array at Los Alamos National Laboratory
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SBIR Phase I Final Technical Report MODULAR NEUTRON DETECTOR ARRAY FOR PROTEIN CRYSTALLOGRAPHY BEAM LINES Award Number DE-SC0024828 Prepared for U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, SC-1 For the Period July 22, 2024 – April 21, 2025 Report Date November 22, 2024 Submitted by Vivek V. Nagarkar, Ph.D., Principal Investigator Report Contributors Mr. Nicholas Anastasi, Dr. Charles Sosa, Dr. Jun Wang, Dr. Lakshmi Soundara Pandian and Dr. Vivek V. Nagarkar
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A Tracking Sun Photometer Without Moving Parts
This innovation is small, lightweight, and consumes very little electricity as it measures the solar energy attenuated by gases and aerosol particles in the atmosphere. A Sun photometer is commonly used on the Earth's surface, as well as on aircraft, to determine the solar energy attenuated by aerosol particles in the atmosphere and their distribution of sizes. This information is used to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of gases and aerosols in the atmosphere, as well as their distribution sizes. The design for this Sun photometer uses a combination of unique optics and a charge coupled device (CCD) array to eliminate moving parts and make the instrument more reliable. It could be selfcalibrating throughout the year. Data products would be down-welling flux, the direct-diffuse flux ratio, column abundance of gas phase constituents, aerosol optical depth at multiple-wavelengths, phase functions, cloud statistics, and an estimate of the representative size of atmospheric particles. These measurements can be used to obtain an estimate of aerosol size distribution, refractive index, and particle shape. Incident light is received at a light-reflecting (inner) surface, which is a truncated paraboloid. Light arriving from a hemispheric field of view (solid angle 2 steradians) enters the reflecting optic at an entrance aperture at, or adjacent to, the focus of the paraboloid, and is captured by the optic. Most of this light is reflected from an inner surface. The light proceeds substantially parallel to the paraboloid axis, and is detected by an array detector located near an exit aperture. Each of the entrance and exit apertures is formed by the intersection of the paraboloid with a plane substantially perpendicular to the paraboloid axis. Incident (non-reflected) light from a source of limited extent (the Sun) illuminates a limited area on the detector array. Both direct and diffuse illumination may be reflected, or not reflected, before being received on the detector array. As the Sun traverses a path in the sky over some time interval, the track of the Sun can be traced on the detector array. A suitably modified Sun photometer might be used to study the dynamics of an environment on another planet or satellite with an atmosphere.
Pixel Array Germanium Detectors for Nuclear Physics (Final Technical Report)
The Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Nuclear Physics supports the development and maintenance of germanium gamma-ray detector arrays at national laboratories and universities. Germanium gamma-ray detectors provide state-of-the-art gamma-ray energy resolution, making them critical for gamma-ray and x-ray spectroscopy in Nuclear Physics. Furthermore, detector segmentation and charge-signal waveform processing enables 3-dimensional (3D) measurement of gamma-ray interaction locations needed for the highest-fidelity Nuclear Physics experiments. Attaining and maintaining excellent gamma-ray energy resolution depends largely on the naturally excellent charge-collection properties of germanium crystals. However, the optimal method for achieving the best practical 3D spatial resolution within the detector volume at high counting rates is less clear.
Wide angle Michelson Doppler imaging interferometer
The optical system, stepping control, phase and modulation depth, array detector, and directions sensor are described for a specialized type of Michelson interferometer which works at sufficiently high resolution to measure the line widths and Doppler shifts of naturally occurring atmospheric emissions. With its imaging capability, the instrument can potentially supply this data independently for each element of the 100 x 100 detector array. The experiment seeks: (1) to obtain vertical profiles of atmospheric winds and temperatures as functions of latitude by observing near the limb; (2) to acquire exploratory wind and temperature data on smaller scale structures in airglow irregularities and in auroral forms; and (3) to collaborate with other Spacelab experiments, such as barium cloud releases, in providing wind and temperature data.
Technologies for the multispectral mapping of earth resources
The application of solid-state detector array imaging to the remote sensing of the earth as a follow-on to currently planned Landsat missions provides the opportunity to achieve significantly increased performance. First-order advantages to be anticipated are higher sensitivity resulting in greater radiometric accuracies and improved geometric fidelity. The Multispectral Mapper design concept is responsive to a broad range of user needs by incorporating in-flight selection of spectral bands, instantaneous fields of view, and swath width. This versatility is achieved by the use of an imaging spectrometer which permits both spatial and spectral sampling in the image plane using area array detectors. Other improvements over the current Landsat multispectral scanner and Thematic Mapper include higher spatial resolution and inherently precise registration of the spectral bands. The key technologies required in order to realize these improvements include short-wavelength infrared detectors, wide field of view, broad spectral coverage optics, focal plane cooling, and high-speed onboard signal processing. Significant development activities will be required if an advanced remote sensing capability is to be implemented.
The imaging spectrometer approach
Two important sensor design drivers are the requirement for spatial registration of the spectral components and the implementation of the advanced multispectral capability, including spectral band width, number of bands and programmability. The dispersive approach, fundamental to the imaging spectrometer concept, achieves these capabilities by utilizing a spectrometer to disperse the spectral content while preserving the spatial identity of the information in the cross-track direction. Area array detectors in the spectrometer focal plane detect and store the spatial and multispectral content for each line of the image. The choice of spectral bands, image IFOV and swath width is implemented by programmed readout of the focal plane. These choices in conjunction with data compression are used to match the output data rate with the telemetry link capability. Progress in the key technologies of optics, focal plane detector arrays, onboard processing, and focal plane cooling supports the viability of the imaging spectrometer approach.
Imaging spectrometer technologies for advanced Earth remote sensing
A major requirement of multispectral imaging systems for advanced Earth remote sensing is the provision for greater spectral resolution and more versatile spectral band selection. The imaging spectrometer instrument concept provides this versatility by the combination of pushbroom imaging and spectrally dispersing optics using area array detectors in the focal plane. The shuttle imaging spectrometer concept achieves 10- and 20-meter ground instantaneous fields of view with 20-nanometer spectral resolution from Earth Orbit. Onboard processing allows the selection of spectral bands during flight; this, in turn, permits the sensor parameters to be tailored to the experiment objectives. Advances in optical design, infrared detector arrays, and focal plane cooling indicate the feasibility of the instrument concept and support the practicability of a validation flight experiment for the shuttle in the late 1980s.