A one millipound cesium ion thruster system
One millipound cesium ion thrustor for synchronous ATS-F satellite, describing power conditioning and control logic subsystems
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One millipound cesium ion thrustor for synchronous ATS-F satellite, describing power conditioning and control logic subsystems
Design and operation of freeze, melt valve used in vacuum encapsulating cesium for thermionic diodes
Cesium bombardment ion engine system design, modification, and testing
Vacuum encapsulation of cesium for out-of-core thermionic diodes
Thermochemistry of cesium-oxygen solutions and their gaseous atmospheres estimated from phase diagram
Investigating electric potential in cesium thermionic diode for minimum plasma-loss by electrostatic probe
Heated tungsten filter for removing oxygen impurities from cesium
Fabrication and testing of bonded metal-ceramic, glass-coated metal, and glass-coated ceramic bonded to metal composite electrodes for cesium bombardment ion thrusters
Deflectable dual beam, linear strip cesium contact, ion thruster system design and performance testing
Thermionic converter electron-cesium atom momentum transfer collision probability, considering scattering cross sections
Outputs are presented for some cesium diodes having primarily emitters of highly oriented polycrystalline or single-crystal 110 tungsten or .0001 rhenium. Power densities at 10 A/sq cm or 0.5 V appear as functions of emitter temperatures and electrode spacings.
Indexes and summaries of the conference papers containing cesium-diode results are presented. Lists of converter materials, geometries, conditions, outputs, and lifetimes accompany the references. Simple chemical designations for emitters, collectors, and additives direct the reader to appropriate selections.
A summary is presented of optical measurements performed on a variety of cesium iodide samples to characterize quantitatively the optical quality of the materials, and to define and measure parameters which determine its suitability as a detector material for high energy cosmic ray experiments on HEAO-A. The general case of light transmission through a long rectangular slab under multiple internal reflections is discussed along with transmission and scattering as a function of wavelength at normal incidence. Scattering parameters are tabulated for encapsulated single crystal CsI and polyscin.
This report provides a background of reasonable depth and reference material on scintillators in general. Particular attention is paid to the cesium iodide scintillators as used in the High Energy Astronomy Observatory (HEAO) experiments. It is intended especially for use by persons such as laboratory test personnel who need to obtain a working knowledge of these materials and their characteristics in a short time.
A 100 kWt cesium-lithium test loop fabricated of niobium-1% zirconium for experiments on erosion and two-phase system operation at temperatures of 980 C and velocities of 150 m/s. Although operated at design temperature for 100 hours, flow instabilities in the two-phase separator interfered with the achievement of the desired mass flow rates. A modified separator was fabricated and installed in the loop to alleviate this problem.
Thermionic performance data from a miniature plane cesium diode (diminiode) with 110-tungsten electrodes are presented. The diminiode has a guard-ringed collector and a spacing of 0.23 mm. The data were obtained by using a computerized acquisition system. The diode was tested at increments between 1700 and 1900 K for the emitter, 694 and 1101 K for the collector, and 519 and 650 K for the reservoir. A maximum power density of 4.5 W/sq cm was obtained at an emitter temperature of 1900 K. This relatively low output probably results from high carbon and sodium impurities in the electrode materials.
Mechanical and thermal property values are reported for crystalline cesium iodide doped with sodium and thallium. Young's modulus, bulk modulus, shear modulus, and Poisson's ratio were obtained from ultrasonic measurements. Young's modulus and the samples' elastic and plastic behavior were also measured under tension and compression. Thermal expansion and thermal conductivity were the temperature dependent measurements that were made.
Two one millipound-thrust cesium bombardment ion thrusters have been developed and integrated on the ATS-F spacecraft for the purpose of demonstrating compatible north-south stationkeeping of a synchronous communication satellite. Preliminary operation of the two thrusters on ATS-6 was completely successful on the first run of each. In addition to verifying operation, the principal accomplishments were the demonstration of a total absence of interference with the communications systems, verification of the predicted spacecraft operating potential, demonstration of compatibility with the star tracker, and demonstration of spacecraft attitude by thrust vectoring. Subsequent attempts to operate the thrusters have not been successful. Analysis indicates that the problem is associated with operation of the propellant reservoirs in zero-g.