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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 217 records · Page 12
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

From the Ground Up: Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment III on the International Space Station (SAGE III/ISS) Comparison of Vertical Profiles with 2022 Student Airborne Research Program (SARP) In Situ Data

The Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment III (SAGE III) instrument, installed on the International Space Station (ISS) in 2017, has completed over five years of data collection and the accompanying production of science data products. SAGE III/ISS is a solar and lunar occultation instrument that scans the light from the Sun and Moon through the limb of the Earth’s atmosphere to produce vertical profiles of aerosol, ozone, water vapor, and other trace gasses. This year provided the unique opportunity to compare in situ data collected during the NASA Student Airborne Research Program (SARP) summer airborne campaign with data collected by SAGE III/ISS on coincident overpasses.​ ​ SARP, a summer internship program typically for rising undergraduate seniors, provides students with an opportunity to gain hands-on experience making earth system measurements using NASA’s airborne science platforms. The NASA DC-8 flying laboratory collected in-situ measurements of ozone and other trace gasses during the summer 2022 SARP campaign. While the general focus with SARP is on the airborne research component, this year, a suite of 10 ozonesonde launches spatially and temporally co-located with the research flights collected atmospheric state and in-situ ozone measurements from inland southern California. This presentation shows the results of comparing SAGE III/ISS vertical profiles with those of in situ data collected during the summer 2022 SARP campaign.​

In Situ↗
NASA NTRS2022

Investigation of Microphysics and Precipitation for Atlantic Coast Threatening Snowstorms (IMPACTS): the 2022 Deployment

The Investigation of Microphysics and Precipitation for Atlantic Coast Threatening Snowstorms (IMPACTS) is a NASA-supported field campaign to study snowstorms particularly over the northeastern United States. Snowfall within these winter storms is often organized in banded structures that can vary on multiple scales. The goals of IMPACTS are to characterize the spatial and temporal scale of snowbands, understand the processes controlling the structure and evolution of the bands and apply this knowledge to improving remote sensing and numerical modeling. IMPACTS takes place over three winter seasons, 2020, 2022 and 2023. IMPACTS flies two aircraft: the ER-2 equipped with satellite-simulating remote sensing instruments; and the P-3 equipped with in situ microphysics probes and environmental instrumentation. Stationary and mobile radar facilities and mobile sounding teams round out the observational assets. The preliminary results from the 2022 deployment are highlighted here.

Lynn A McMurdie↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Additional Comparison of Ice Shapes on Full-Chord and Truncated Swept Wing Models from January 2022

A research program was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of icing tunnel hybrid model design. A hybrid design is where the full-scale leading edge of a wing section is maintained only to a certain percentage of the local chord, while the aft section of the model is redesigned into a shortened or truncated planform. An initial study was conducted in 2020 where the ice shape geometries on a full-chord length version of the swept CRM65 wing model were compared to those from the hybrid version of CRM65 that were obtained in the NASA Icing Research Tunnel in 2015. The results were reported in a 2021 paper. For most test conditions, the overall size and shape of the ice shapes compared well. However, the ice shapes from the full-chord model were generally slightly smaller than those from the hybrid model. A follow-on test was conducted in 2022 and obtained ice shapes on both full-chord and hybrid wing models during the same test campaign to eliminate the differences in the tunnel spray nozzle configuration and calibration as a cause for the differences observed during the previous investigation. The ice shapes obtained on the full-chord model compared much better to those obtained on the hybrid model during the 2022 test, with nearly identical cross sections and ice mass values generally within 5%.

Icing↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Additional Comparison of Ice Shapes on Full-Chord and Truncated Swept Wing Models from January 2022

A research program was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of icing tunnel hybrid model design. A hybrid design is where the full-scale leading edge of a wing section is maintained only to a certain percentage of the local chord, while the aft section of the model is redesigned into a shortened or truncated planform. An initial study was conducted in 2020 where the ice shape geometries on a full-chord length version of the swept CRM65 wing model were compared to those from the hybrid version of CRM65 that were obtained in NASA Icing Research Tunnel in 2015. The results were reported in a 2021 paper. For most test conditions, the overall size and shape of the ice shapes compared well. However, the ice shapes from the full-chord model were generally slightly smaller than those from the hybrid model. A follow-on test was conducted in 2022 and obtained ice shapes on both full-chord and hybrid wing models during the same test campaign to eliminate the differences in the tunnel configuration as a cause for the differences observed during the previous investigation. The ice shapes obtained on the full-chord model compared much better to those obtained on the hybrid model during the 2022 test, with nearly identical cross sections and ice mass values generally within 5%.

Icing↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Earth Energy Balance Assessment at the 2022 BIPM-WMO Metrology for Climate Action Workshop

The BIPM and WMO hosted a five-day workshop in Sept. 2022 to assess the state of current metrology and identify future meteorological needs regarding climate change for the upcoming decade. A resulting broad policy-oriented workshop summary report, written by the workshop’s ~70 international organizers and reviewed by meeting attendees, identifies the current issues in each of nine high-level topic areas and provides recommendations to address them, listing specific needs, pathways, timelines, and responsible agencies or organizations for each. One prominent Topic within the workshop, “Earth Energy Balance,” was organized by the authors of this presentation and resulted in a section of the workshop summary report using the contributions from the topic’s several pre-recorded oral and poster presentations and the outcomes of two interactive real-time community-wide discussion sessions. The Earth-energy-balance topic issues centered on three areas: Radiometric energy measurements, including needed accuracies and stabilities and the use of SI-Traceable Satellites (SITSats), such as CLARREO and TRUTHS, to achieve them; improved on-orbit calibration sources, including the Sun and the Moon, thermal-infrared and UV sources, and space-flight blackbodies; and the four primary Earth-heat storage reservoirs of the oceans, land, permafrost, and cryosphere, giving an inventory of where and how much of the Earth’s energy is stored and how much uptake there is of the incoming energy. This presentation will summarize the results of the Earth Energy Balance topic from the 2022 BIPM-WMO Metrology for Climate Action Workshop.

earth↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Disruption of the 2022-2023 stratospheric circulation by the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcano

In January 2022 the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai (HTHH) volcano erupted, injecting an unprecedented amount of water vapor into the stratosphere that increased the total stratospheric water burden by ~10%. As the initial plume of water vapor spread throughout the stratosphere, radiative heating and cooling anomalies affected the stratospheric circulation altering the climatological mean residual circulation. Here we compare the 1980-2021 MERRA-2 (Modern Era Reanalysis for Research and Applications, Version 2) mean residual circulation climatology to the years 2022-2023 to identify stratospheric circulation changes associated with the anomalous water vapor. The HTHH water vapor is explicitly tracked using the M2-SCREAM (MERRA-2 Stratospheric Composition Reanalysis of Aura Microwave Limb Sounder) water vapor analysis. Anomalies in temperature, jet location, polar vortex strength and ozone advection in response to the HTHH water vapor anomaly are also documented. These results reveal details of the evolution of the HTHH induced stratospheric circulation anomalies with special emphasis on how these circulation anomalies affected the 2023 ozone hole.

Lawrence Coy↗
NASA NTRS2023

Contractors Road Heavy Equipment Area (SWMU 055) 2022 Annual Groundwater Monitoring Report

This document presents a summary of activities completed at the Contractors Road Heavy Equipment (CRHE) Area, located at Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Florida, from June through December 2022. The activities conducted at the CRHE Area include: - Annual groundwater sampling activities associated with sitewide plume monitoring and Underground Injection Control (UIC) monitoring in the former bioremediation Interim Measures (IM) Hot Spot 1 (HS1) area; - Direct push technology (DPT) groundwater investigation; - Semiannual vapor intrusion (VI) evaluation activities. This facility is designated Solid Waste Management Unit (SWMU) Number 055 (SWMU 055) under KSC’s Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Corrective Action program. HydroGeoLogic, Inc. (HGL) prepared this report for the National Aeronautics and Space NASA) under contract number 80KSC019F0096/80KSC019D0012, Technical Directive-03. An Advance Data Package (ADP) presentation of the elements of this report received Team (KSCRT) agreement at the April 5, 2023, KSCRT meeting. The chlorinated volatile organic compound plume appears to be stable vertically and horizontally. Additional DPT groundwater sampling will be completed to support a remedial alternatives evaluation for potential means to expedite groundwater cleanup. There are per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances in site groundwater, and assessment is planned in the future. Sub-slab soil gas monitoring results do not indicate any concerns with indoor vapor intrusion. Based on the 2022 annual groundwater sampling results, it is recommended that annual sampling continue to alternate with the wet and dry season, with the next sampling event planned for December 2023.

groundwater↗
NASA NTRS2023

Lunar LTE Studies DRATS 2022 Report

In October 2022, the Lunar LTE Studies (LunarLiTES) team from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center (GRC) conducted a series of communications field test measurements through the NASA Desert Research and Technology Studies (DRATS) campaign held near Flagstaff, Arizona. The objective of the NASA DRATS outings are to provide analog mission testing of candidate technologies for space exploration, especially those technologies applicable to human exploration of extraterrestrial rocky bodies. These activities are performed at locations with similarities to extraterrestrial conditions, such as the dry, volcanic landscape north of Flagstaff. This report describes the surface-to-surface communications testing performed by LunarLiTES as part of the 2022 NASA DRATS experiments. The objectives of this testing were to collect data for the development and refinement of radio frequency (RF) propagation models and emulation techniques, as well as to evaluate the application of terrestrial cellular communication technologies to lunar surface exploration.

lunar communication↗
NASA NTRS2023

General Services Administration Reclamation Yard Solid Waste Management Unit 010: 2022 Groundwater Monitoring Report Kennedy Space Center, Florida

This report presents a summary of the groundwater monitoring activities that occurred in September and October 2022 at General Services Administration Reclamation Yard, Solid Waste Management Unit 010, located at the John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Florida. The site is monitored under KSC’s Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Corrective Action Program. This approach also meets the requirements of Chapter 62-780, Florida Administrative Code. For the purposes of this report, two separate plumes, known as the Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB)/Volatile Organic Aromatic (VOA) Plume and the Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Plume, were identified for this site. The contaminants of concern (COCs) for the PCB/VOA Plume consist of PCBs, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, and breakdown products of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. The COCs for the Chlorinated VOC Plume were tetrachloroethene, trichloroethene, cis-1,2-dichloroethene, and vinyl chloride. Groundwater monitoring for VOCs in the Chlorinated VOC Plume area was discontinued following the December 2021 annual monitoring event. Annual groundwater monitoring for underground injection control (UIC) parameters continues for both the PCB/VOA Plume and the Chlorinated VOC Plume areas. The activities presented in this report include one field event: September and October 2022, which includes sitewide semi-annual water level measurements of 55 monitoring wells, redevelopment of all monitoring wells listed in the sampling plan, and groundwater sampling of 28 monitoring wells. The sampling and analysis demonstrated that the PCB/VOA plume is not expanding and is significantly reduced compared to before a 2018 source removal interim measure. Recommendations are made for the 2023 groundwater monitoring program.

groundwater↗
NASA NTRS2023

Desert Research and Technology Studies (D-RATS) 2022 Test Report

The primary purpose of the 2022 Desert Research and Technology Studies (D-RATS 22) analog mission field test was to provide data and recommendations regarding how pressurized rover (PR) design, cabin configuration, driving modes, timeline constraints, and mission operations can be acceptably implemented to support future Artemis missions that include a PR. The goal of these evaluations was to provide first order feedback and data on design concepts currently being traded as options for future pressurized rover flight prototypes. The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) may provide a PR for future Artemis missions. One of the primary objectives of D-RATS 2022 was to share with the JAXA PR team the processes and protocols by which NASA has learned to successfully evaluate rover concepts through integrated HITL evaluations over the past 20+ years, so that JAXA could apply any applicable lessons learned to their PR design, development, testing, and evaluation.

analog↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Disruption of the 2022-2023 Stratospheric Circulation By the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Volcano

In January 2022 the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai (HTHH) volcano erupted, injecting an unprecedented amount of water vapor into the stratosphere that increased the total stratospheric water burden by ~10%. As the initial plume of water vapor spread throughout the stratosphere, radiative heating and cooling anomalies affected the stratospheric circulation altering the climatological mean residual circulation. Here we compare the 1980-2021 MERRA-2 (Modern Era Reanalysis for Research and Applications, Version 2) mean residual circulation climatology to the years 2022-2023 to identify stratospheric circulation changes associated with the anomalous water vapor. The HTHH water vapor is explicitly tracked using the M2-SCREAM (MERRA-2 Stratospheric Composition Reanalysis of Aura Microwave Limb Sounder) water vapor analysis. Anomalies in temperature, jet location, polar vortex strength and ozone advection in response to the HTHH water vapor anomaly are also documented. These results reveal details of the evolution of the HTHH induced stratospheric circulation anomalies with special emphasis on how these circulation anomalies affected the 2023 ozone hole.

Lawrence Coy↗
NASA NTRS2024

Increased Atmospheric PM 2.5 Events Due to Open Waste Burning in Qaanaaq, Greenland, Summer of 2022

High levels of particulate matter (PM) are relevant to severe air pollution and can adversely impact human health. Maintaining healthy air quality for the residents of the Arctic region is essential to satisfy the no-one-left-behind policy of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by the United Nations. In this study, we installed a PM 2.5 measurement system in Qaanaaq, Greenland, and obtained the first continuous PM 2.5 measurements from 20 July to 13 August, 2022. We observed several increased PM2.5 events; relatively high PM 2.5 levels persisted from 8 August 2022. On the same day, visible black smoke emitted from the Qaanaaq dump site originated from open waste burning. By confirming less transboundary air pollution contributions from remote aerosol source regions to Qaanaaq during the measurement period using NOAA’s HYSPLIT backward trajectory analysis and NASA’s MERRA-2 aerosol re-analysis, we confirmed that the increased PM 2.5 was primarily due to local open waste burning with less contributions from transboundary air pollution. However, small contributions from biomass burning outside Greenland were plausible during the early measurement period. Additionally, NOAA’s HYSPLIT dispersion calculations suggested possible aerosol depositions from local open waste burning to nearby sea areas, such as Baffin Bay. Although the hourly mean PM 2.5 mass concentration was not alarmingly high during the measurement period, future studies should incorporate longer-term continuous PM 2.5 measurements along with other atmospheric chemical analyses to identify possible local air pollution sources in detail to ensure clean ambient air for the future in the Arctic. Our study provides quantitative evidence of the impact of open waste burning on air quality at a study site in Greenland, which could be crucial in developing air quality policies for this region in the Arctic.

aerosols↗
NASA NTRS2024

Evolving Particles in the 2022 Hunga-Tonga Hunga-Ha’apai Volcano Eruption Plume

The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) aboard NASA’s Terra satellite observed the Hunga Tonga—Hunga Ha’apai (HTHH) 15 January eruption plume on eight occasions between 15 and 23 January 2022. From the MISR multi-angle, multi-spectral imagery we retrieve aerosol plume height geometrically, along with plume-level motion vectors, and derive radiometrically constraints on particle effective size, shape, and light-absorption properties. Parts of two downwind aerosol layers were observed in different places and times, one concentrated in the upper troposphere (11-18 km ASL), and a mid-stratosphere layer~23 –30+ km ASL. After the initial day (1/15), the retrievals identified only spherical, non-light-absorbing particles, typical of volcanic sulfate/water particles. The near-tropopause plume particles show constant, medium-small (several tenths of a micron) effective size over four days. The mid-stratosphere particles were consistently smaller, but retrieved effective particle size increased between 1/17 and 1/23, though they might have decreased slightly on 1/22. As a vast amount of water was also injected into the stratosphere by this eruption, models predicted relatively rapid sulfate particle growth from the modest amounts of SO2 gas injected by the eruption to high altitudes along with the water (Zhu et al, 2022). MISR observations up to ten days after the eruption are consistent with these model predictions. The possible decrease in stratospheric particle size after initial growth was likely caused by evaporation, as the plume mixed with drier, ambient air. Particles in the lower-elevation plume observed on 1/15 were larger than all the downwind aerosols and contained significant non-spherical (likely ash) particles.

aerosol plume height↗
NASA NTRS2024

PRODEM: An Annual Series of Summer DEMs (2019 through 2022) of the Marginal Areas of the Greenland Ice Sheet

Surface topography across the marginal zone of the Greenland Ice Sheet is constantly evolving in response to changing weather, season, climate, and ice dynamics. However, current digital elevation models (DEMs) for the ice sheet are usually based on data from a multi-year period, thus obscuring these changes over time. Here we present four 500 m resolution summer DEMs (PRODEMs) of the Greenland Ice Sheet marginal zone for 2019 through 2022. The PRODEMs cover the marginal zone from the ice edge to 50 km inland, hence capturing all Greenland outlet glaciers. Each PRODEM is based on data fusion of CryoSat-2 radar altimetry and ICESat-2 laser altimetry using regionally varying kriging of elevation anomalies relative to ArcticDEM. The PRODEMs are validated using leave-one-out cross-validation, and PRODEM19 is further validated against an external data set, showcasing their ability to correctly represent surface elevations within the associated spatially varying prediction uncertainties. We observe a general lowering of surface elevations during the 4-year PRODEM period, but the spatial pattern of change is highly complex and with annual changes superimposed. The PRODEMs enable detailed studies of the marginal ice sheet elevation changes. With their high spatio-temporal resolution, the PRODEMs will be of value to a wide range of researchers and users studying ice sheet dynamics and monitoring how the ice sheet responds to changing environmental conditions. PRODEMs from summer 2019 through 2022 are available at https://doi.org/10.22008/FK2/52WWHG (Winstrup, 2024), and we plan to annually update the product henceforth.

Digital Elevation Models↗
DOE OSTI2021

FY 2022 Idaho National Laboratory Site Sustainability Plan

The mission of the Department of Energy (DOE) is to ensure America’s security and prosperity by addressing its energy, environmental and nuclear challenges through transformative science and technology solutions. This FY 2022 Idaho National Laboratory Site Sustainability Plan (SSP) was developed to enable and sustain Idaho National Laboratory’s (INL’s) mission to discover, demonstrate, and secure innovative nuclear solutions, clean energy options, and critical infrastructure. DOE Order 436.1, “Departmental Sustainability,” provides requirements and assigns responsibilities for managing sustainability within DOE to ensure that DOE missions are carried out in a sustainable manner, to institute wholesale cultural change to factor sustainability into all DOE decisions, and to ensure DOE achieves sustainability goals. DOE Order 436.1 also requires DOE sites to commit appropriate personnel resources, establish a financing plan that prioritizes the use of life-cycle cost effective private-sector financing, optimize the application of appropriations and budgeted funds, and establish specific performance measures and deliverables designed to achieve the listed requirements. The SSP was developed according to the narrative requirements from the “FY 2022 DOE Site Sustainability Plan Guidance” document issued in September 2021. The SSP contains strategies and activities that will lead to continual energy, water, and waste reductions that move the INL site toward meeting DOE sustainability goals and requirements. The SSP summarizes energy and available fuel use reporting requirements and references criteria for instituting sustainable design. SSP requirements are integrated into each INL site contractor’s Integrated Safety Management System and Environmental Management System (EMS). Finally, the Sustainability Program directives, based on this SSP, are integrated into INL/LTD-21-62463, Annual Laboratory Plan 2021, and operations and acquisition systems.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Accelerating Nuclear Fuels and Materials Qualification-Learning from MeV Summer School 2022

This presentation focused on the general overview of the lecture content that related to nuclear fuels and material qualification. The content of this presentation is taken from the lecture notes of MeV Summer School 2022. The sources are cited as per lecture notes. The focus of this presentation is to review the learning from the Modeling, Experiment, and Validation (MeV) Summer School (July 18-29, 2022) for early career researchers and scientists. This year's school was hosted by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and was focused on Accelerating nuclear fuels, and materials qualification by combining high through-put materials irradiation and testing, advanced PIE, and Multiphysics modeling.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2023

DuraMAT FY 2022 Annual Report: Towards Predicting Lifetime

The Durable Module Materials Consortium (DuraMAT) launched in November 2016 with five years of funding from the U.S. Department of Energy s (DOE's) Solar Energy Technologies Office (SETO). The program renewed in 2022 for an additional 6 years. DuraMAT is a multi-lab consortium led by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, with Sandia National Laboratories (Sandia) and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) as core research labs. DuraMAT's overarching goal is to accelerate a sustainable, just, and equitable transition to zero-carbon electricity generation by 2035. We work in partnership with our 22-member industry advisory board and the technical management team at SETO. DuraMAT transitioned from our first five-year program into a new six-year program in 2022. It was a very busy year; DuraMAT wrapped up projects from DuraMAT 1 and kicked off new laboratory-led projects for DuraMAT 2. This transition brings new goals and a renewed focus on accelerating the energy transition by improving photovoltaic (PV) module reliability.

accelerated stress testing↗