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At least 199 records · Page 11
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Spatial imaging of proton via leading-twist nonskewed GPDs with basis light-front quantization

The internal image of the proton is unveiled by examining the generalized parton distributions (GPDs) at zero skewness, within the basis light-front quantized environment. Several distributions emerge when a quark is sampled with different currents depending upon the helicity arrangements of the active quark and the proton target. We investigate six of the eight leading-twist proton GPDs of the valence quarks, the helicity conserving distributions ( H , E , H ˜ ) and the helicity nonconserving ( H T , E T , H ˜ T ) distributions at skewness set to zero ( ζ = 0 ). We consider purely transverse momentum transfer and, hence, obtain results describe only the proton’s two-dimensional structure in the transverse plane. We present the Mellin moments of these distribution functions, where the first moment produces a form factor and the second Mellin moments help extract the information on partonic contributions to the hadronic angular momentum. We compare our results for the Mellin moments with those from lattice QCD and other approaches where available. We also present the GPDs in transverse position space. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Astronomy & Astrophysics↗
DOE OSTI2024

Twist-3 generalized parton distribution for the proton from basis light-front quantization

We investigate the twist-3 generalized parton distributions (GPDs) for the valence quarks of the proton within the basis light-front quantization (BLFQ) framework. We first solve for the mass spectra and light-front waved functions (LFWFs) in the leading Fock sector using an effective Hamiltonian. Using the LFWFs we then calculate the twist-3 GPDs via the overlap representation. By taking the forward limit, we also get the twist-3 parton distribution functions (PDFs), and discuss their properties. Our prediction for the twist-3 scalar PDF agrees well with the CLAS experimental extractions.

Astronomy & Astrophysics↗
DOE OSTI2024

Gravitational form factors and mechanical properties of quarks in protons: A basis light-front quantization approach

We compute the gravitational form factors (GFFs) and study their applications for the description of the mechanical properties such as the pressure, shear force distributions, and the mechanical radius of the proton from its light-front wave functions (LFWFs) based on basis light-front quantization (BLFQ). The LFWFs of the proton are given by the lowest eigenvector of a light-front effective Hamiltonian that incorporates a three-dimensional confining potential and a one-gluon exchange interaction with fixed coupling between the constituent quarks solved in the valence Fock sector. We find acceptable agreement between our BLFQ computations and the lattice QCD for the GFFs. Our D -term form factor also agrees well with the extracted data from the deeply virtual Compton scattering experiments at Jefferson Lab, and the results of different phenomenological models. The distributions of pressures and shear forces are similar to those from different models. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Astronomy & Astrophysics↗
DOE OSTI2025

Basis light-front quantization for the Λ b and Σ b baryons

Within the basis light-front quantization framework, we compute the masses and light-front wave functions of the Λ b baryon and its isospin triplet counterparts Σ b + , Σ b 0 , and Σ b − using a light-front effective Hamiltonian in the leading Fock sector. These wave functions are obtained as eigenstates of the effective Hamiltonian, which incorporates the one-gluon exchange interaction with fixed coupling and a three-dimensional confinement potential. With the quark masses and the couplings as adjustable parameters, the computed masses are set within the experimental range. The resulting predictions for their electromagnetic properties align well with other theoretical calculations. Additionally, the parton distribution functions (PDFs) of these baryons are obtained for the first time, with gluon and sea quark distributions dynamically generated through QCD evolution of the valence quark PDFs. Published by the American Physical Society 2025

Meng, Lingdi (ORCID:0009000096439904)↗
DOE OSTI2024

Anomalous conductivity due to relativistic Landau quantization

Here we use a recently developed kinetic model derived from the Dirac equation, in order to study electromagnetic wave propagation in superstrong magnetic fields, such as in magnetars, where relativistic Landau quantization is prominent. The leading contribution to the conductivity tensor in such a plasma is calculated. It is found that the electron Hall current has an anomalous contribution, in the quantum relativistic regime, where the effective particle energy has a significant contribution from the diamagnetic and Zeeman energy. As a result, a new quantum resonance frequency appears, and the dispersion relation for the left- and right-hand polarized modes are strongly modified for long and moderate wavelengths. The implications for magnetar physics are discussed.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2016

Quantized Chiral Magnetic Current from Reconnections of Magnetic Flux

We introduce a new mechanism for the chiral magnetic e ect that does not require an initial chirality imbalance. The chiral magnetic current is generated by reconnections of magnetic ux that change the magnetic helicity of the system. The resulting current is entirely determined by the change of magnetic helicity, and it is quantized.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Detecting Fractional Chern Insulators in Optical Lattices Through Quantized Displacement

The realization of interacting topological states of matter such as fractional Chern insulators (FCIs) in cold atom systems has recently come within experimental reach due to the engineering of optical lattices with synthetic gauge fields providing the required topological band structures. However, detecting their occurrence might prove difficult since transport measurements akin to those in solid state systems are challenging to perform in cold atom setups and alternatives have to be found. Here, we show that for a ν = 1/2 FCI state realized in the lowest band of a Harper-Hofstadter model of interacting bosons confined by a harmonic trapping potential, the fractionally quantized Hall conductivity σ xy can be accurately determined by the displacement of the atomic cloud under the action of a constant force which provides a suitable experimentally measurable signal for detecting the topological nature of the state. Using matrix-product state algorithms, we show that, in both cylinder and square geometries, the movement of the particle cloud in time under the application of a constant force field on top of the confining potential is proportional to σ xy for an extended range of field strengths.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2020

Extremely Weakly Interacting ΔS z = 0 and ΔS z = 1 Excitations and Evidence for Fractional Quantization in a Magnetization Plateau: CeSb

The plateau at 1/3 of the saturation magnetization $M_s$ in the metamagnet CeSb is accompanied by a state of ferromagnetic layers of spins in an up-up-down sequence. We measured M and the specific heat C in the plateau, spin wave analyses of which reveal two distinct branches of excitations. Those with $ΔS_z = 1$ as measured by M, coexist with a much larger population of $ΔS_z = 0$ excitations measured by C but invisible to M. The large density of $ΔS_z = 0$ excitations, their energy gap, and their seeming lack of interaction with $ΔS_z = 1$ excitations suggest an analogy with astrophysical dark matter. Furthermore, in the middle of the plateau three sharp jumps in M(H) are seen, the size of which, $0.15 \% M_s$, is consistent with fractional quantization of magnetization per site in the down-spin layers.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Quantum Simulation of the First-Quantized Pauli-Fierz Hamiltonian

We provide an explicit recursive divide-and-conquer approach for simulating quantum dynamics and derive a discrete first-quantized nonrelativistic QED Hamiltonian based on the many-particle Pauli-Fierz Hamiltonian. We apply this recursive divide-and-conquer algorithm to this Hamiltonian and compare it to a concrete simulation algorithm that uses qubitization. Our divide-and-conquer algorithm, using lowest-order Trotterization, scales for fixed grid spacing as O ~ ( Λ N 2 η 2 t 2 / ϵ ) for grid size N , η particles, simulation time t , field cutoff Λ , and error ϵ . Our qubitization algorithm scales as O ~ ( N ( η + N ) ( η + Λ 2 ) t log ( 1 / ϵ ) ) . This shows that even a naive partitioning and low-order splitting formula can yield, through our divide-and-conquer formalism, superior scaling to qubitization for large Λ . We compare the relative costs of these two algorithms on systems that are relevant for applications such as the spontaneous emission of photons and the photoionization of electrons. We observe that for different parameter regimes, one method can be favored over the other. Finally, we give new algorithmic and circuit-level techniques for gate optimization, including a new way of implementing a group of multicontrolled- X gates that can be used for better analysis of circuit cost. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Mukhopadhyay, Priyanka (ORCID:0000000164639100)↗
DOE OSTI2018

Large, nonsaturating thermopower in a quantizing magnetic field

The thermoelectric effect is the generation of an electrical voltage from a temperature gradient in a solid material due to the diffusion of free charge carriers from hot to cold. Identifying materials with a large thermoelectric response is crucial for the development of novel electric generators and coolers. We theoretically consider the thermopower of Dirac/Weyl semimetals subjected to a quantizing magnetic field. We contrast their thermoelectric properties with those of traditional heavily doped semiconductors and show that, under a sufficiently large magnetic field, the thermopower of Dirac/Weyl semimetals grows linearly with the field without saturation and can reach extremely high values. Our results suggest an immediate pathway for achieving record-high thermopower and thermoelectric figure of merit, and they compare well with a recent experiment on Pb 1–x Sn x Se.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Quantized critical supercurrent in SrTiO 3 -based quantum point contacts

Superconductivity in SrTiO 3 occurs at remarkably low carrier densities and therefore, unlike conventional superconductors, can be controlled by electrostatic gates. Here, we demonstrate nanoscale weak links connecting superconducting leads, all within a single material, SrTiO 3 . Ionic liquid gating accumulates carriers in the leads, and local electrostatic gates are tuned to open the weak link. These devices behave as superconducting quantum point contacts with a quantized critical supercurrent. This is a milestone toward establishing SrTiO 3 as a single-material platform for mesoscopic superconducting transport experiments that also intrinsically contains the necessary ingredients to engineer topological superconductivity.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2019

Nearly quantized conductance plateau of vortex zero mode in an iron-based superconductor

Majorana zero modes (MZMs) are spatially-localized zero-energy fractional quasiparticles with non-Abelian braiding statistics that hold promise for topological quantum computing. Owing to the particle-antiparticle equivalence, MZMs reflect quantized conductance at low temperature. By utilizing variable-tunnel-coupled scanning tunneling spectroscopy, we study tunneling conductance of vortex bound states on FeTe 0.55 Se 0.45 superconductors. Here, we report observations of conductance plateaus as a function of tunnel coupling for zero-energy vortex bound states with values close to or even reaching the 2 e 2 / h quantum conductance (here e is the electron charge and h is Planck’s constant). In contrast, no plateaus were observed on either finite energy vortex bound states or in the continuum of electronic states outside the superconducting gap. This behavior of the zero-mode conductance confirms the existence of MZMs in FeTe 0.55 Se 0.45 .

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Quantum transport equation for systems with rough surfaces and its application to ultracold neutrons in a quantizing gravity field

We discuss transport of particles along random rough surfaces in quantum size effect conditions. As an intriguing application, we analyze gravitationally quantized ultracold neutrons in rough waveguides in conjunction with GRANIT experiments (ILL, Grenoble). We present a theoretical description of these experiments in the biased diffusion approximation for neutron mirrors with both one- and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) roughness. All system parameters collapse into a single constant which determines the depletion times for the gravitational quantum states and the exit neutron count. This constant is determined by a complicated integral of the correlation function (CF) of surface roughness. The reliable identification of this CF is always hindered by the presence of long fluctuation-driven correlation tails in finite-size samples. We report numerical experiments relevant for the identification of roughness of a new GRANIT waveguide and make predictions for ongoing experiments. We also propose a radically new design for the rough waveguide.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2018

Dynamics of Electronic States and Magnetoabsorption in 3D Topological Insulators in a Quantizing Magnetic Field

Quantum states have been calculated analytically; the dynamics of a wave packet in a magnetic field has been investigated, and the optical absorption coefficient has been calculated for surface states in 3D topological insulators of the Bi{sub 2}Te{sub 3} family. We have detected a qualitative effect of the hexagonal warping of the spectrum on the structure of wavefunctions at the Landau levels, its manifestation in the features of the wave packet dynamics in a quantizing magnetic field, as well as in the frequency dependence of the optical absorption coefficient, in which new peaks that are absent in the isotropic model of the spectrum appear depending on the polarization of the incident wave. The effects considered here can be manifested in the optical and transport experiments with topological insulators, which makes it possible to determine the parameters of their band structure.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2018

Third Quantization and Emergence of the Quasiclassical Wave Function of the Universe

Quantized solutions of the Wheeler–DeWitt (WDW) equation describing a closed Friedmann–Robertson–Walker universe with a Λ term and a set of massless scalar fields are studied. It is shown that when Λ≪1 units and the standard in-vacuum state is considered, the wave function of the universe Ψ behaves as a random quasiclassical field at rather large a, namely, 1≪a≪e{sup (2/(3Λ))} [1].

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Thermoelectric power of n-InSb in a transverse quantizing magnetic field

The thermoelectric power of electronic InSb is investigated in a transverse magnetic field up to 14 T at 80 K. It is established that the experimental results for a quantizing magnetic field agree with theoretical data obtained without accounting for spin splitting of the Landau levels.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Why even source-free gravity must be quantized

I note, on the most elementary grounds: its classical ultraviolet catastrophe, that even source-free General Relativity must be quantized, despite some eminent opinions to the contrary and with a little fine print.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2020

Three-dimensional imaging of proton in basis light-front quantization

Here, we employ an effective Hamiltonian that includes the transverse and longitudinal confinement and the one-gluon exchange interaction with fixed coupling constant. By solving the eigenvalue equation in basis light-front quantization (BLFQ), we generate the light-front wavefunctions (LFWFs) for the nucleon in the valence quark Fock space. Fitting the model parameters, we obtain high quality descriptions of electromagnetic form factors and radius for proton while the results deviate somewhat from experimental data for neutron.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗