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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 199 records · Page 11
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1994

Mutagenesis in human cells with accelerated H and Fe ions

The overall goals of this research were to determine the risks of mutation induction and the spectra of mutations induced by energetic protons and iron ions at two loci in human lymphoid cells. During the three year grant period the research has focused in three major areas: (1) the acquisition of sufficient statistics for human TK6 cell mutation experiments using Fe ions (400 MeV/amu), Fe ions (600 MeV/amu) and protons (250 MeV/amu); (2) collection of thymidine kinase- deficient (tk) mutants or hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase deficient (hprt) mutants induced by either Fe 400 MeV/amu, Fe 600 MeV/amu, or H 250 MeV/amu for subsequent molecular analysis; and (3) molecular characterization of mutants isolated after exposure to Fe ions (600 MeV/amu). As a result of the shutdown of the BEVALAC heavy ion accelerator in December 1992, efforts were rearranged somewhat in time to complete our dose-response studies and to complete mutant collections in particular for the Fe ion beams prior to the shutdown. These goals have been achieved. A major effort was placed on collection, re-screening, and archiving of 3 different series of mutants for the various particle beam exposures: tk-ng mutants, tk-sg mutants, and hprt-deficient mutants. Where possible, groups of mutants were isolated for several particle fluences. Comparative analysis of mutation spectra has occured with characterization of the mutation spectrum for hprt-deficient mutants obtained after exposure of TK6 cells to Fe ions (600 MeV/amu) and a series of spontaneous mutants.

Kronenberg, Amy↗
DOE OSTI2020

Systematic error analysis in the absolute hydrogen gas jet polarimeter at RHIC

The Polarized Atomic Hydrogen Gas Jet Target polarimeter (HJET) is operated at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) since 2004 to measure the absolute polarization of each colliding proton beam. Polarimeter detectors and data acquisition were upgraded in 2015 to increase the solid angle, energy range, and to improve the energy and time resolution. These upgrades along with an improved beam intensity and polarization allowed us to greatly reduce the statistical and systematic errors for the proton polarization measurements in RHIC Runs 15 (E beam = 100 GeV) and 17 (255 GeV). For a typical 8 hour RHIC store, the measured proton beam average polarization was about P beam ~ 55 ± 2.0 stat ± 0.3 syst %. The elastic pp analyzing power, AN(t)~0.04, was determined with a precision of about |δA N (t)|~0.0002 in the momentum transfer squared range 0.001<-t<0.020 GeV 2 . In this paper we present a detailed systematic error analysis of the polarization measurements at HJET. Perspectives of using the HJET based absolute polarimeters in the future Electron Ion Collider (EIC) will be also discussed.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Structural Analysis of a Serpentine Superconducting Magnet for the Interaction Region of the Electron Ion Collider

The electron ion collider (EIC) is under design to collide the high energy and highly polarized hadron with electron beams with luminosities up to 10 34 cm −2 s −1 . The superconducting magnet designs at the interaction region (IR) are quite challenging due to the close proximity of the hadron and electron beams. Several serpentine types of superconducting magnets have been designed due to the space restrictions at the IR. Here, to validate the designs in terms of the mechanical strength, structural integrity, as well as the allowed deformations, a detailed structural mechanical analysis for a 12-layer superconducting quadrupole serpentine magnet (Q1BpR) in the rear side hadron beams has been carried out using the finite element method (FEM) considering the pretension stress, shrinking due to cool down, and the electromagnetic force on the conductors. Anisotropy material properties and individual roving tension have been considered. The electro-magnetic (EM) simulations were performed using COMSOL, confirmed with RAT, the structural mechanical analysis were performed using COMSOL by considering the contact elements.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
NASA NTRS1987

Degradation mechanisms of materials for large space systems in low Earth orbit

Degradation was explored of various materials used in aerospace vehicles after severe loss of polymeric material coatings (Kapton) was observed on an early shuttle flight in low Earth orbit. Since atomic oxygen is the major component of the atmosphere at 300 km, and the shuttle's orbital velocity produced relative motion corresponding to approx. 5 eV of oxygen energy, it was natural to attribute much of this degradation to oxygen interaction. This assumption was tested using large volume vacuum systems and ion beam sources, in an exploratory effort to produce atomic oxygen of the appropriate energy, and to observe mass loss from various samples as well as optical radiation. Several investigations were initiated and the results of these investigations are presented in four papers. These papers are summarized. They are entitled: (1) The Space Shuttle Glow; (2) Laboratory Degradation of Kapton in a Low Energy Oxygen Ion Beam; (3) The Energy Dependence and Surface Morphology of Kapton Degradation Under Atomic Oxygen Bombardment; and (4) Surface Analysis of STS 8 Samples.

Gordon, William L.↗
NASA NTRS1994

A future, intense source of negative hydrogen ions

By directly heating lithium hydride in a vacuum, up to 18 micro-A/sq cm of negative hydrogen has been obtained from the crystal lattice. The amount of ion current extracted and analyzed is closely related to the temperature of the sample and to the rate at which the temperature is changed. The ion current appears to be emission limited and saturates with extraction voltage. For a fixed extraction voltage, the ion current could be maximized by placing a grid between the sample surface and the extraction electrode. Electrons accompanying the negative ions were removed by a magnetic trap. A Wein velocity filter was designed and built to provide definitive mass analysis of the extracted ion species. This technique when applied to other alkali hydrides may produce even higher intensity beams possessing low values of emittance.

Siefken, Hugh↗
NASA NTRS2016

Electromagnetic Cyclotron Waves in the Solar Wind: Wind Observation and Wave Dispersion Analysis

Wind observed long-lasting electromagnetic cyclotron waves near the proton cyclotron frequency on 11 March 2005, in the descending part of a fast wind stream. Bi-Maxwellian velocity distributions are fitted for core protons, beam protons, and alpha-particles. Using the fitted plasma parameters we conduct kinetic linear dispersion analysis and find ion cyclotron and/or firehose instabilities grow in six of 10 wave intervals. After Doppler shift, some of the waves have frequency and polarization consistent with observation, thus may be correspondence to the cyclotron waves observed.

cyclotron↗
DOE OSTI2022

Thermal analysis of RHIC arc dipole magnet cold mass with EIC beam screen

The existing RHIC storage rings – including their superconducting magnet arcs – will be used for the hadron storage ring of the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). The vacuum chamber of these magnets was not designed for the EIC hadron beams, with shorter bunches and of higher average current than the RHIC beams. With the current stainless steel beam pipe, the resistive-wall (RW) heating will exceed the dynamic heat load budget. Limiting the RW heating is important to prevent the superconducting magnets from quenching and to maintain a low screen temperature necessary to impede the rise of RW heating (higher resistance at higher temperature) as well as to achieve desired ultra-high vacuum. In addition, simulations predict the formation of electron cloud which would further contribute to the dynamic heat load and could compromise the quality and stability of the beam. To reduce the resistive-wall heating and suppress electron cloud, a beam screen will be installed in the vacuum chamber of the RHIC SC magnets. The screen will have a high RRR copper layer at its inner face – useful to reduce the resistive-wall impedance thanks to its high conductivity especially at cryogenic temperatures – and will be coated with a thin layer of amorphous carbon, a material with low secondary electron yield to suppress the formation of electron clouds. The baseline solution envisages a screen that will be cooled by thermal contact to the 4.55 K beam pipe. Detailed thermal analysis have been conducted in ANSYS 2020 for an arc dipole cold mass equipped with a beam screen in order to study the feasibility of a passively-cooled screen and guide its design. Temperature-dependent thermal conductivity properties of all materials in the operating (cryogenic) temperature range are considered. Suitable assumptions and simplifications are made to model the magnet coil and calculate its homogenized thermal conductivity. Sensitivity studies with respect to layer thicknesses and area of contact are carried out and results are presented.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Structural Analysis of Multilayer Tapered Canted-Cosine-Theta Superconducting Magnet for the Interaction Region of Electron Ion Collider

The electron ion collider (EIC) will collide high energy and highly polarized hadron and electron beams with luminosities up to 10 34 cm -2 s -1 . The magnet designs at the interaction region (IR) are challenging due to the close proximity of the hadron and electron beams. A canted cosine theta (CCT) quadrupole magnet was designed due to the space restrictions at the IR. The CCT magnet has a tapered aperture, which allows higher gradients at the interaction point (IP) side of the magnet. The tapered geometry makes the magnet not symmetrical along the axial direction. In conclusion, to validate the design in terms of the mechanical strength and the allowed deformations, a detailed structural mechanical analysis for the tapered CCT quadrupole magnet has been carried out using the finite element method (FEM) considering both the shrinking due to cool down and the electromagnetic force on the conductors.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Site specific porosity-thermal performance correlations in neutron irradiated U-10Zr fuel

In this work, we present a site-specific three-dimensional analysis of porosity evolution in neutron-irradiated U–10Zr metallic fuel using high-resolution synchrotron X-ray tomography. Focused ion beam cubic lift-outs from four radial positions—fuel center, middle, edge, and fuel-cladding interaction (FCCI) zones—were imaged, reconstructed, and segmented to quantify pore volume, density, morphology, and pore connectivity. Porosity increased modestly from 5.5% at the center to 10.5% at the edge, yet pore number density increased by over two orders of magnitude in the fuel portion near the FCCI interface (from 4.8 x 10 4 to 6.0 x 10 6 pores/mm 3 ). Morphological classification revealed a progression from small spherical pores at the center to equiaxed and tortuous networks at the periphery, with enhanced orientation along the radial direction. Connectivity and permeability analysis reveal that the FCCI region maintains dense, highly interconnected pores despite a moderate volume fraction, enabling rapid fission gas transport and lanthanide migration. Effective thermal conductivity models incorporating sodium logging confirm that these site-specific pore features critically influenced heat transport during reactor irradiation. These findings demonstrate that pore topology—not just porosity fraction—controls thermal performance and thermal pathways in U–10Zr fuels, impacting fuel thermal performance in a reactor.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Degradation Diagnostics from the Subsurface of Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes

Despite the long-established rocking-chair theory of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), developing novel characterization methodology with higher spatiotemporal resolution facilitates a better understanding of the solid electrolyte interphase studies to shape the reaction mechanisms. In this work, we develop a Xenon ion plasma focused ion beam (Xe + PFIB)-based characterization technique to probe the cross-sectional interface of both ternary cathode and graphite anode electrodes, with the focus on revealing the chemical composition and distribution underneath the electrode surface by in-depth analysis of secondary ions. Particularly, the lithium fluoride is detected in the pristine cathode prior to contact with the electrolyte, reflecting that the electrode degradation is in the form of the loss of lithium inventory during electrode preparation. This degradation is related to the hydrolysis of the cathode material and the decomposition of the PVDF binder. Here, through the quantitative analysis of the transition-metal degradation products, manganese is found to be the dominant element in the newly formed inactive fluoride deposition on the cathode, while no transition metal signal can be found inside the anode electrode. These insights at high resolution implemented via a PFIB-based characterization technique not only enrich the understanding of the degradation mechanism in the LIBs but also identify and enable a high-sensitivity methodology to obtain the chemical survey at the subsurface, which will help remove the capacity-fade observed in most LIBs.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Fast ion confinement in quasi-axisymmetric stellarator equilibria

This report presents an initial analysis of the fast ion confinement and losses within quasi-axisymmetric stellarator equilibria in consideration by Thea Energy. The equilibria have not yet been explicitly optimized for fast particle confinement and require validation. Modeling with the ASCOT5 code is used to directly examine the fast ion transport. The particle tracking simulations are purely (neo)classical in nature and simply contain the supplied equilibrium and collisions (pitch-angle, energy slowing, and velocity diffusion) from supplied thermal profiles. Uniform marker deposition is used to probe the general confinement properties of the equilibria while a realistic beam-born population is provided from the BEAMS3D code and an alpha particle population is calculated from a fusion source integrator. A first wall is included and defines the loss boundary. Analysis for NBI ions within Thea Energy’s conceptual Eos neutron source are presented along with alpha particles in an enlarged DT-plasma. The fast ions are assessed in regards to their confinement time, pitch, energy, and spatial coordinates. For each population, the impact of collisions and orbit drifts are discussed. It is found that NBI born ions in Eos are strongly confined until slowing-down, owing largely to the tangential injection geometry, while 22% of DT-born alpha energy is lost in the scaled device, indicating that any fusion pilot plant design optimization should include metrics for fast ion confinement.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
NASA NTRS1989

A data acquisition and storage system for the ion auxiliary propulsion system cyclic thruster test

A nine-track tape drive interfaced to a standard personal computer was used to transport data from a remote test site to the NASA Lewis mainframe computer for analysis. The Cyclic Ground Test of the Ion Auxiliary Propulsion System (IAPS), which successfully achieved its goal of 2557 cycles and 7057 hr of thrusting beam on time generated several megabytes of test data over many months of continuous testing. A flight-like controller and power supply were used to control the thruster and acquire data. Thruster data was converted to RS232 format and transmitted to a personal computer, which stored the raw digital data on the nine-track tape. The tape format was such that with minor modifications, mainframe flight data analysis software could be used to analyze the Cyclic Ground Test data. The personal computer also converted the digital data to engineering units and displayed real time thruster parameters. Hardcopy data was printed at a rate dependent on thruster operating conditions. The tape drive provided a convenient means to transport the data to the mainframe for analysis, and avoided a development effort for new data analysis software for the Cyclic test. This paper describes the data system, interfacing and software requirements.

Hamley, John A.↗
NASA NTRS1993

AUREOL-3 observations of new boundaries in the auroral ion precipitation

Interesting and well-separated structures in the 1-20 keV ion precipitation pattern have been revealed by an analysis of more than 50 crossings of the nightside (21-03 MLT) auroral zone by the AUREOL-3 satellite. First, velocity-dispersed ion structures (VDIS) are crossed near the poleward edge of the oval, and are the best ionospheric signature of ion beams flowing along the plasma sheet boundary layer. Proceeding equatorward, a large majority of VDIS events are bounded by a new and interesting narrow band of strongly reduced precipitation, or a gap, which delineates VDIS from the diffuse precipitation region connected to the CPS. A statistical analysis shows that the gap has an extent of about 1-2 deg, which is almost independent of magnetic activity; its location, about 70 deg ILAT, shifts significantly equatorward with higher magnetic activity levels. Intense electron arcs are observed near the equatorward edge of the gap. An important result is that the overall sequence of VDIS-gap-CPS can be explained in terms of orbital dynamics in the tail. The gap in precipitation appears as the counterpart of the 'wall' regime in the equatorial plane, in which a cross-tail current carried by energetic ions is strongly enhanced between 8 and 12 R(E). This region has important consequences for the development of substorms.

Bosqued, Jean M.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Diagnosis of NMOS DRAM functional performance as affected by a picosecond dye laser

A picosec pulsed dye laser beam was at selected wavelengths successfully used to simulate heavy-ion single-event effects (SEEs) in negative channel NMOS DRAMs. A DRAM was used to develop the test technique because bit-mapping capability and previous heavy-ion upset data were available. The present analysis is the first to establish such a correlation between laser and heavy-ion data for devices, such as the NMOS DRAM, where charge collection is dominated by long-range diffusion, which is controlled by carrier density at remote distances from a depletion region. In the latter case, penetration depth is an important parameter and is included in the present analysis. A single-pulse picosecond dye laser beam (1.5 microns diameter) focused onto a single cell component can upset a single memory cell; clusters of memory cell upsets (multiple errors) were observed when the laser energy was increased above the threshold energy. The multiple errors were analyzed as a function of the bias voltage and total energy of a single pulse. A diffusion model to distinguish the multiple upsets from the laser-induced charge agreed well with previously reported heavy ion data.

Kim, Q.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Aligning the Thomson scattering and charge exchange recombination diagnostics using neutral beam emission at DIII-D

This work addresses discrepancies in the alignment of the H-mode pedestal profiles of the electron and ion properties in the DIII-D tokamak as measured by Thomson Scattering (TS) and Charge Exchange Recombination Spectroscopy (CER) diagnostics. While the alignment of these profiles is key for accurate studies of tokamak physics and plasma confinement, misalignments can occur due to inaccuracies, such as in magnetic equilibrium reconstructions required to map measurements in different poloidal and toroidal locations. Both FIDASIM, an established simulation package, and a simplified collisional radiative model are used to simulate neutral beam state densities and neutral beam emission. Simulated neutral beam emissions are calculated based on shifted TS profiles and compared to beam emission measurements from the Main Ion CER system to determine the best shift for aligning TS with CER. This analysis is performed on various DIII-D discharges.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Support for the 65th International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technologies and Nanofabrication

This project aimed to enable student participation in the 65th International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technologies and Nanofabrication (EIPBN). EIPBN, affectionately known as “3-Beams,” is the premier gathering of scientists and engineers who are dedicated to electron, ion and photon lithography, imaging, and analysis; nanofabrication process technologies; atomically precise fabrication; related emerging technologies; and their applications in a broad spectrum of fields. It is where top researchers from academia, government laboratories, and industries from around the world meet to present and discuss recent trends and future innovations in these technologies. The goal of the conference is to advance knowledge by enabling the exchange of information concerning advanced and emerging nanofabrication and nanomanufacturing topics and how they enable traditional and novel applications.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS2016

Transmission Electron Microscopy of Magnetite Plaquettes in Orgueil

Magnetite sometimes takes the form of a plaquette - barrel-shaped stack of magnetite disks - in carbonaceous chondrites (CC) that show evidence of aqueous alteration. The asymmetric nature of the plaquettes caused Pizzarello and Groy to propose magnetite plaquettes as a naturally asymmetric mineral that can indroduce symmetry-breaking in organic molecules. Our previous synchrotron X-ray computed microtomography (SXRCT) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analyses of the magnetite plaquettes in fifteen CCs indicate that magnetite plaquettes are composed of nearly parallel discs, and the crystallographic orientations of the discs change around a rotational axis normal to the discs surfaces. In order to further investigate the nanostructures of magnetite plaquettes, we made two focused ion beam (FIB) sections of nine magnetite plaquettes from a thin section of CI Orgueil for transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis. The X-ray spectrum imaging shows that the magnetite discs are purely iron oxide Fe3O4 (42.9 at% Fe and 57.1 at% O), which suggest that the plaquettes are of aqueous origin as it is difficult to form pure magnetite as a nebular condensate. The selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns acquired across the plaquettes show that the magnetite discs are single crystals. SEM and EBSD analyses suggest that the planar surfaces of the magnetite discs belong to the {100} planes of the cubic inverse spinel structure, which are supported by our TEM observations. Kerridge et al. suggested that the epitaxial relationship between magnetite plaquette and carbonate determines the magnetite face. However, according to our TEM observation, the association of magnetite with porous networks of phyllosilicate indicates that the epitaxial relationship with carbonate is not essential to the formation of magnetite plaquettes. It was difficult to determine the preferred rotational orientation of the plaquettes due to the symmetry of the cubic structure, however, we are able to observe small but consistent rotational orientation across several discs within a plaquette.

Chan, Q. H. S.↗
NASA NTRS2002

Laboratory Studies in UV and EUV Solar Physics

The Ion Beam Experiment at the Center for Astrophysics is dedicated to the study of ion-electron collision processes of importance in solar physics. The analysis of measurements of Electron Impact Excitation (EIE) from the 3s3p(exp 3)P(exp o) metastable state to the 3s3p(exp 1)P state of Si(2+) was completed during the past year and a paper describing the results is available as a preprint. Our current program is directed at measuring absolute cross sections for dielectronic recombination (DR) and EIE in Si(3+), one of the primary ions used for probing the solar transition region. Our study of DR is particularly concerned with the effects of electric and magnetic fields on the recombination rates. Measurements of silicon ions with charge greater than n=2 have necessitated upgrading the experiment with a new ion source. The new source is also suitable for producing C(2+) beams to be used for measurements of EIE and DR for that system. The source is expected to be capable of producing beams of more highly charged systems as well.

Parkinson, W. H.↗