On the correction of coefficient quantization errors in hybrid control systems
Time response deviation correction in hybrid computer control systems with digital feedback elements containing quantized coefficients
Chenoweth, D. L.↗
SEARCH · Engineering Papers
Results for “hybrid systems”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Hybrid lubrication system and bearing Patent
Development of hybrid bearing lubrication system with combination of standard type lubrication and magnetic flux field for earth atmosphere and space environment operation
Sauer, L. S.↗
HybridSystemsSimulations.jl - Solving the Merchant Collocated Facilities with JuMP
The development of new clean-generation technologies also leads to new plant-level architectures that combine several generation and storage assets behind the point of connection. These co-located generation resources (Hybrid Systems) primarily operate as merchant assets that employ automated market bidding models and internal Energy Management Systems (EMS) to comply with the operator's signals. Formulating an optimal bidding model requires embedding the EMS control model into the bidding algorithm, resulting in a bi-level optimization problem. In this presentation, we first showcase using JuMP to formulate and solve this problem effectively for multiple merchant systems and the bidding outcomes considering different model formulations. Second, the bidding outcomes are later integrated into a PowerSimulations.jl (also built with JuMP) simulation to study the system-level effects of the various merchant bidding and the interactions between market-clearing models and the embedded EMS model. We will showcase simulations conducted in the RTS system considering different levels of merchant hybrid systems participation. The presentation provides the following specific insights on JuMP usage: 1) the Formulation of specialized bi-level problems with custom cuts to solve the merchant hybrid system bidding problem; 2) the integration of a modular model within a complex simulation workflow supported by JuMP in PowerSimulations.jl; 3) Accelerating the solution of power systems operations simulation that employ agent optimization problems using JuMP.
energy markets↗
Simultaneous Design and Operation of a Coal-Fired Hybrid Energy System with Integrated Thermal Energy Storage
This final report describes novel capabilities developed as part of DISPATCHES, Design Integration and Synthesis Platform to Advance Tightly Coupled Hybrid Energy Systems, for designing hybrid energy systems (HES) a.k.a. integrated energy systems (IES) in the context of a larger electricity market. Capabilities are demonstrated on a case study with fossil-based power coupled to a molten salt thermal energy storage system.
20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗
Opportunistic Hybrid Communications Systems for Distributed PV Coordination
A full-scale, operational implementation of the opportunistic hybrid communications systems for distributed photovoltaic (PV) coordination was successfully developed, simulated, and validated in this 3-year project. The system is considered hybrid because it uses different communications pathways from the scale of residential PV inverters to a transmission network; primary technologies harnessed include Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Network (LoWPAN), Power Line Communication (PLC), WiFi mesh, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Ethernet cable, and Optical Ethernet systems. It is opportunistic in that it chooses to route messages through each of these systems based on recent data about latency and availability to ensure reliable message passing.
14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
A phase transition model and temporal logic specifications for smart energy systems - revisited
In this paper, we revisit the method of a phase transition model for representing hybrid systems and temporal logic specifications (TLSs) for specifying desired behaviors of systems, and discuss their usefulness for smart energy systems. On the one hand, the phase transition model incorporates the continuous model of the relay device action with a particular structural form that allows for the construction of a single, global differential-algebraic equation for hybrid systems (thus smoothed hybrid systems). On the other hand, the TLS allows sophisticated descriptions of control specifications addressing both magnitude and time simultaneously, which has recently been applied to the control strategy of several types of continuous and hybrid systems. We provide high-level descriptions of each of the two techniques and present simulation results in the context of smart energy systems.
Park, Byungkwon↗
Harnessing the Digital Transformation for Development of Electrified Aircraft Propulsion Control Systems
Hybrid electric aircraft propulsion is an emerging technology that presents a variety of potential benefits along with technical integration challenges. Developing these new propulsion architectures with their complex control systems, and ultimately proving their benefit, is a multistep process that goes from concept, to analysis, to dynamic simulation, to hardware in the loop testing, to full scale testing and beyond. This effort is being revolutionized and indeed enabled by new digital tools that support the increasing technology readiness level throughout the maturation process. NASA has developed and made available a suite of digital tools that ease the path from concept to implementation. The three packages are the Toolbox for the Modeling and Analysis of Thermodynamic Systems (T-MATS), the Electrical Modeling and Thermal Analysis Toolbox (EMTAT), and the Thermal Systems Analysis Toolbox (TSAT). These tools are interactive, complementary, and compatible with each other. T-MATS is a modular thermodynamic modeling framework designed for creating custom component level models of jet engines. EMTAT is a modeling framework used to simulate a variety of power electronic devices, using both physics-based and power flow calculations. TSAT is a framework for modeling and analysis of dynamic heat transfer. These packages all consist of graphical, drag-and-drop, parameterizable building blocks representing various components of the system to be modeled, e.g., compressors, turbines, motors, energy storage devices, etc. They are designed to enable the user to model and simulate the end-to-end dynamic operation of a hybrid powertrain at the timescale of the turbomachinery, capturing mechanical, electrical, and thermal interactions. This paper will describe through multiple examples how these tools have been used successfully in several of the early stages of hybrid electric propulsion system development, from the initial system modeling to real-time interactive pilot-in-the-loop simulation to physical hardware-in-the-loop testing, each step bringing the technology closer to fruition.
Hybrid electric propulsion↗
Qualification of a Hybrid Propulsion System for the Mars Ascent Vehicle
Technology for a hybrid based propulsion system is being developed to support a potential Mars Sample Return campaign. A Mars Ascent Vehicle (MAV) concept for launching samples off of Mars, and delivering them to orbit for further transport to Earth may utilize hybrid propulsion due to the predicted favorable low temperature characteristics and high performance of this option. However, the hybrid option is still undergoing technology development to demonstrate these capabilities. Once development of a capable hybrid propulsion system is proven, further work will be required. This will include environmental testing relative to the mission, and integration with the vehicle reaction control systems and payload. Qualification of such a system will be a significant effort. It will require specialized procurements for the propellants and environments involved, and further testing of the more specialized designs. This paper details an estimate of the tasks required to complete development efforts from Technical Readiness Level 5 (TRL5) through qualification. A success based program was formulated to reach the required performance metrics sufficient for a standard Preliminary Design Review (PDR). Using task level inputs from team members cost and schedule were conceived for continued progress to Critical Design Review (CDR), then through Qualification.
Prince, Andrew↗
A nuclear-hydrogen hybrid energy system with large-scale storage: A study in optimal dispatch and economic performance in a real-world market
Here a study in optimal dispatch and economic analysis of a novel nuclear hybrid energy system (NHES) with large-scale hydrogen storage and a novel control scheme is conducted. The control scheme makes charge and discharge decisions by using the real-time electricity price relative to the historical price distribution. The pricing data is taken from the ERCOT Houston and West load zones with different price oscillations. Six case control studies with different levels of aggressiveness were chosen for each load zone for a total of 12 case studies. It is found that in a high price volatility load zone, a more aggressive control strategy maximizes revenue, while in a less oscillatory load zone, a moderate control strategy performs better. The NHES can store energy when the price is low and sell additional electricity when the price is high, as well as participate in the ancillary services market. Due to these advantages, the NHES can generate 10–40 million USD more revenue annually than a stand-alone nuclear plant. Due to higher costs, the NHES has a higher LCOE (81.36 USD/MWh) than a stand-alone plant (68.66 USD/MWh); however, the LCOE of the NHES is still comparable to other new forms of electricity generation. It is found that both the NHES and the stand-alone plant are not economical in the existing electricity market. Due to the extra revenue generated, the hybrid system has a positive annual cashflow whereas the stand-alone plant does not. It is found that the hybrid plant needs less cost subsidy than a stand-alone plant to become economical.
08 HYDROGEN↗
Hybrid redundancy system for improving reliability - A concept
System combines two concepts - triple modular redundancy (TMR) and spares (replacement system) redundancy. System has triplicated active unit core with associated bank of specifically arranged standby spare units. Curves plotted from characteristic equation show hybrid system is more reliable than conventional TMR systems.
Mathur, F. P.↗
Cyber Resilient Design Framework for Hybrid Energy Systems
This report is a summary of the cyber-resilient design framework for hybrid renewable energy systems, for the Renewable Energy and Storage Cybersecurity (RESCue) research project.
24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
Development requirements for a high-energy hybrid propulsion system Final report
This document presents the development requirements, costs, and schedule for a high-energy upper-stage hybrid propulsion system. High energy is achieved through the use of a lithium fuel formulation (solid) and fluorinated oxidizer (liquid). The propulsion system contains 3 2OO lb of propellant and may be used as a terminal stage for Atlas/Centaur or DSV-3M Delta launch vehicle. A program to develop a fluorinated hybrid propulsion system could be initiated with little risk. An extensive investigation revealed that the technology required to develop most of the components has either been demonstrated or is in progress. Further, it was found that there were no areas of critical technology. The cost to develop a hybrid propulsion system to a status where it could be integrated into a flight-test stage is about $17 million. This cost does not include the development of the stage astrionics. Length of the total development program is 34 months. A total recurring cost of $381 600 was estimated for the first unit (less astrionics and fee). This includes purchased hard\rare, manufacturing, material, assembly, and test costs.
M.B. Adams↗
Creating an Inter-Tribal Technical Assistance Network in the Northwest Arctic
The US Department of Energy-Office of Indian Energy's (DOE-IE) support for NANA's establishment of an Inter-Tribal Assistance Network in the Northwest Arctic was a ground-breaking effort that led to many individual community successes and a regional escalation of clean energy for our tribes. Before this grant award was initiated, high penetration renewable-diesel hybrid systems were primarily aspirational. Now, after five years of intensive technical assistance and multi-institution collaboration and funding, the NANA Region has three high penetration solar-wind-battery-diesel hybrid systems and one solar-battery-diesel hybrid system fully operational with diesel-off operation occurring regularly; another solar-battery-diesel hybrid system fully funded with an RFP for construction targeted for 2023; a current grant application that was awarded to begin the final design process for solar-battery-diesel hybrid systems for four other villages in the region; and initial funding to begin a high penetration wind-battery-diesel system for the remaining village in the region. Clearly, our goal to demonstrate and replicate high penetration renewable hybrid technology has been accomplished and is increasing in scale and pace.
29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
HPC-Driven Modeling with ML-Based Surrogates for Magnon-Photon Dynamics in Hybrid Quantum System
Here, we introduce a hybrid computational framework that merges HPC-based numerical solvers with physics-informed ML surrogates for efficient modeling of magnon-photon interactions. By running short-duration, high-fidelity Maxwell-LLG simulations and feeding their results into an ML model, we substantially cut simulation time while achieving accurate predictions across larger spatiotemporal domains.
Accuracy↗
Effect of humidity of build chamber in hybrid manufacturing systems on part performance
Here hybrid manufacturing combines additive with subtractive machining operations which often require the use of a coolant, that can increase the humidity of the build chamber. The water vapor can be adsorbed on the powder surfaces and subsequently dissociate into hydrogen and oxygen during melting and can be absorbed by part during solidification. Here, we investigated the effect of build chamber humidity during hybrid manufacturing on the part quality on two most common classes of steels i.e., austenitic (316L) and ferritic (grade 91). We report that the humidity increase has a negligible effect on part performance of both classes of steels.
316L stainless steel↗
MFANS 2024 - Formally Proving Characteristics of Cyber-Physical Systems
Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are engineered systems that rely on the smooth integration of computational algorithms and physical elements. This integration presents new challenges for verifying that systems will behave as expected. The goal of this presentation is to present current challenges and potential solutions for the formal verification of cyber-physical systems. For cyber systems, formal methods refer to systematically rigorous mathematical techniques employed in the specification, development, analysis, and verification of both software and hardware systems. Recent advancements in computer science have yielded sophisticated tools specifically designed to address challenges associated with formal methods in complex systems. These tools leverage various foundational concepts such as logic, formal languages, program semantics, type systems, type theory, and automata theory. A notable achievement in the application of formal methods is the seL4 microkernel, claimed to be the first general-purpose operating-system kernel to be verified. Its proof implies the absence of bugs and guarantees that the kernel meets specifications. For physical systems, dynamic and control theory has a history of using rigorous analytic techniques to prove functional correctness. Lyapunov, optimal, classical, modern, and robust control theories all provide rigorous mathematical methods both to analyze system performance and to design controller that can be guaranteed to meet certain objectives. Recent computational techniques like level set theory and reachability analysis provide assertions that a system's state will avoid unsafe regions. Even though success has been independently achieved for cyber systems and physical systems, the integration of such systems creates new challenges. In particular, there is an obvious discrepancy between finite-state machines and infinite-state systems, resulting in different approaches for modeling and analyzing these system. While it is possible to simulate hybrid systems, this provides only a demonstration of a performance and not proof. For hybrid systems, current formal methods and system analysis approaches typically require a workarounds to work on hybrid systems like CPS. This paper will outline the state of the art and limits of current practice for formally verifying CPS and will identify possible research directions that require attention.
97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
Design, fabrication, and test of a breadboard hybrid pressurization system Final report
Design, fabrication and test of breadboard hybrid pressurization system
Keller, W. F.↗