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At least 199 records · Page 11
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NASA NTRS1979

Velocity profiles of the 2.1 micron H2 emission line in the Orion molecular cloud

Spectra of the H2 nu = 1-0 S(1) emission line in Orion, observed at various positions with a resolution of 20 km/s, are presented. The intrinsic full width at half-maximum of the line ranges from 18 to 58 km/s over the observed positions. Analysis of the line profiles shows that the emitting gas is probably expanding from a region near the BN and KL infrared sources at velocities typically of 40 km/s but as high as 100 km/s, and that it is associated with the source of the broad lines seen in the spectra of many other molecules. Strong constraints are placed on models of the physical processes responsible for the broad emission lines.

Nadeau, D.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Diffuse 157-micron C II forbidden-line emission from the Galaxy

The diffuse 157.74-micron C II forbidden-line emission from the Galaxy was sampled at several longitudes near the galactic plane including complete scans across the plane at l(II) = 2.16 deg and l(II) = 7.28 deg. The observed C II forbidden-line profiles closely follow the nearby C-12O (J = 1-0) emission profiles. The C II forbidden-line emission probably arises in neutral photodissociation regions near the edges of giant molecular clouds. The total C II forbidden-line luminosity of the Galaxy is 6 x 10 to the 7th solar luminosities. It is estimated that the C II forbidden-line emitting regions consist of 4 x 10 to the 8th solar masses of hydrogen with a volume filling factor of 0.001.

Stacey, G. J.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Photometry of the 4686 A emission line of gamma(2) Velorum from the South Pole

An automated optical telescope located at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole station on Antarctica, has been used to obtain more than 78 h of photometry of the He II emission line (4686 A) of the spectroscopic binary gamma(2) Velorum. These data were obtained on seven different days during the 1987 austral winter; the longest continuous run spans 19 h. Two independent period search techniques have been used to search for periodic behavior in the strength of the He II emission line of this Wolf-Rayet star. They are: (1) power spectrum analysis and (2) a first-order sine function fit to the data using least squares. Various multiplicities of a period on the order of 1.3 h with amplitudes of a few percent are found in most of these data. According to recent theoretical models of Wolf-Rayet stars, fluctuations in the He II emission line may indicate vibrational instability in gamma(2) Vel. These pulsations may, in turn, give rise to shocks which propagate outward and which may provide the necessary conditions for periodic changes in the state of a given region of the atmosphere to occur.

Taylor, Maryjane↗
NASA NTRS1983

Measurement of coronal X-ray emission lines from Capella

The Einstein Observatory's Focal Plane Crystal Spectrometer has detected X-ray emission lines due to O VIII, Fe XVII, and Fe XX, from the binary star system Capella. Line luminosities are well fitted by an emitting plasma at a single temperature of 6.29 + or - 0.01 - 0.03 million K, and a volume emission measure of about 8.6 x 10 to the 52nd/cu cm, corresponding to the low temperature component previously observed. A high temperature component is undetectable, since the observed lines are not produced in plasma at temperatures above about 20 million K. Nearly isothermal plasma would be expected if many of the magnetically confined coronal loops have similar sizes and pressures, and a second population of longer loops would be required to account for the hotter component. An alternative interpretation of the observed X-ray line emission and upper limit is that the plasma contains a continuous distribution of emission measure versus temperature that rises sharply to 3 million K and then falls by nearly a decade to 16 million. An extrapolation of the loop sizes suggested by this alternative to hotter, longer loops may also account for the higher temperature emission.

Vedder, P. W.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Formation of the infrared emission lines of Mg I in the solar atmosphere

A non-LTE radiative transfer investigation of the emission lines is conducted at 7 and 12 microns using a realistic atomic model for neutral magnesium. An average quiet sun atmospheric model is used to calculate emission-line profiles that resemble the observed ones, i.e., broad absorption troughs with narrow central emission, and significant limb brightening. The charge exchange rates are found to be significant, but the effects of high-n coupling between Mg and Mg(+) together with radiative low-n transitions are of greater importance. It is confirmed that the emission cores are formed no higher than the temperature minimum region, and that the emission is caused by non-LTE effects rather than by the chromospheric temperature rise. It is inferred from the model calculations that the line core is sensitive to magnetic fields located almost 400 km above those measured in ordinary magnetograms; the gas pressure decreases 20-fold between these two heights.

Chang, E. S.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Emission lines in the long period Cepheid l Carinae

For the Cepheid (l) Carinae with a pulsation period of 35.5 days we have studied the emission line fluxes as a function of pulsational phase in order to find out whether we see chromosphere and transition layer emission or whether we see emission due to an outward moving shock. All emission lines show a steep increase in flux shortly before maximum light suggestive of a shock moving through the surface layers. The large ratio of the C IV to C II line fluxes shows that these are not transition layer lines. During maximum light the large ratio of the C IV to C II line fluxes also suggests that we see emission from a shock with velocities greater than 100 km/sec such that C IV emission can be excited. With such velocities mass outflow appears possible. The variations seen in the Mg II line profiles show that there is an internal absorption over a broad velocity band independent of the pulsational phase. We attribute this absorption to a circumstellar 'shell'. This 'shell' appears to be seen also as spatially extended emission in the O I line at 1300 angstrom, which is probably excited by resonance with Ly beta.

Boehm-Vitense, Erika↗
NASA NTRS1978

Emission lines in the spectrum of Vega

High-resolution low-noise spectra of the OI and Ca II near-infrared lines in Vega were obtained in 1977 and 1978. The violet-shifted emission components discovered by Johnson and Wisniewski are not detected. The absence of the emission lines suggests that either Vega is a subtle variable or the emission lines were of instrumental origin.

Barker, E. S.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Spectroscopy of emission-line nebulae in powerful radio galaxies - Interpretation

Long-slit optical spectra of the emission-line nebulae associated with 21 low-redshift (less than 0.2) radio galaxies are analyzed. Nebulae are classified kinematically into three types: rotators, calm nonrotators, and violent nonrotators; these types are characterized. It is proposed that the rotators have dynamically young disks of gas recently acquired by the radio galaxy in an interaction or merger with a gas-rich galaxy. This is consistent with the data on the morphologies, colors, and stellar dynamics of radio galaxies with strong emission lines. It is inferred from the association of the large-scale gas kinematics with the radio and optical properties of an active galaxy that the angular momentum of the gas which fuels the AGN may be an important parameter in the determinant of how activity is manifest in an AGN.

Baum, S. A.↗
NASA NTRS2005

The Far-Infrared Emission Line and Continuum Spectrum of the Seyfert Galaxy NGC 1068

We report on the analysis of the first complete far-infrared spectrum (43-197 microns) of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1068 as observed with the Long Wavelength Spectrometer (LWS) onboard the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO). In addition to the 7 expected ionic fine structure emission lines, the OH rotational lines at 79, 119 and 163 microns were all detected in emission, which is unique among galaxies with full LWS spectra, where the 119 micron line, where detected, is always in absorption. The observed line intensities were modelled together with IS0 Short Wavelength Spectrometer (SWS) and optical and ultraviolet line intensities from the literature, considering two independent emission components: the AGN component and the starburst component in the circumnuclear ring of approximately 3kpc in size. Using the UV to mid-IR emission line spectrum to constrain the nuclear ionizing continuum, we have confirmed previous results: a canonical power-law ionizing spectrum is a poorer fit than one with a deep absorption trough, while the presence of a big blue bump is ruled out. Based on the instantaneous starburst age of 5 Myr constrained by the Br gamma equivalent width in the starburst ring, and starburst synthesis models of the mid- and far-infrared fine-structure line emission, a low ionization parameter (U=10(exp -3.5)) and low densities (n=100 cm (exp -3)) are derived. Combining the AGN and starburst components, we succeed in modeling the overall UV to far-IR atomic spectrum of SGC 1068, reproducing the line fluxes to within a factor 2.0 on average with a standard deviation of 1.4. The OH 119 micron emission indicates that the line is collisionally excited, and arises in a warm and dense region. The OH emission has been modeled using spherically symmetric, non-local, non-LTE radiative transfer models. The models indicate that the bulk of the emission arises from the nuclear region, although some extended contribution from the starburst is not ruled out. The OH abundance in the nuclear region is expected to be approximately 10(exp -5), characteristic of X-ray dominated regions.

Spinoglio, Luigi↗
NASA NTRS1994

Emission lines in the long-period Cepheid l Carinae

For the Cepheid l Carinae, with a pulsation period of 35.5 days, we have studied the emission-line fluxes as a function of pulsational phase in order to find out whether we see chromospheric and transition-layer emission due to an outward-moving shock. All emission lines show a steep increase in flux shortly before maximum light, suggestive of a shock moving through the surface layers. The large ratio of C IV to C II line fluxes shows that these are not transition-layer lines. During maximum light the large ratio of the large ratio of the C IV to C II line fluxes also suggests that we see emission from a shock with velocities greater than 100 km/s such that C IV emission can be excited. With such velocities mass outflow appears possible. The variations seen in the MG II line profiles show that there is an external absorption over a broad velocity band independent of the pulsation phase. We attribute this absorption to a circumstellar 'shell.' This 'shell' appears to be seen also as spatially extended emission in the O I line at 1300 A, which is probably excited by resonance with Ly beta.

Bohm-Vitense, Erika↗
NASA NTRS1993

Radio observations of peculiar emission-line Algol binary stars

Twelve peculiar emission-line Algol (PELA) binaries were observed at cm wavelengths. Six of these objects, WW And (tentative), KX And, AM Aur, V644 Mon, DN Ori, and AY Per were detected at the 100 to 400 micro-Jy level, corresponding to luminosity densities of order 10 exp 17 erg/s/Hz. These luminosity densities, combined with nearly flat cm spectra and high brightness temperatures, are consistent with the nonthermal gyrosynchrotron radiation model proposed as the result of observations from the previous PELA survey. Also, the star V367 Cyg was reobserved at thirteen different orbital phases; no variability was found within the errors. V367 Cyg's lack of variability and well-determined average spectral index, however, imply the possibility of a different emission mechanism, thermal bremsstrahlung, although the nonthermal model cannot be entirely ruled out. The characteristic brightness temperature of thermal bremsstrahlung is only about 10,000 K, which means that the radius of the emission region would have to be much larger than previously assumed, about 10 AU. Suggestions for further observations of all previously observed PELAS are presented in order to determine the correct emission mechanism.

Elias, Nicholas M., II↗
NASA NTRS1983

Gamma-ray line emission from SS433

Preliminary evidence for gamma ray line emission from the region of SS433 using the spectrometer aboard the HEAO 3 satellite is reported. One of the line features, located at an energy of 1.5 MeV, has a statistical significance of about six sigmas during a particular 18-day interval. Another feature appears near 1.2 MeV. Both features exhibit fractional linewidths of about one percent. The intensity of the 1.5 MeV feature is variable by a factor of about three on a time scale of days, and the 1.2 MeV feature is similarly variable. The combined power of the lines is about 2 x 10 to the 27th ergs/s, assuming isotropic emission. The observed energies can be interpreted in terms of a kinematic model published elsewhere as blue and red-shifted components of the 1.369 MeV line from a nuclear transition of Mg-24 from its first excited state to its ground state.

Lamb, R. C.↗
NASA NTRS1997

Infrared Line Emission from Molecular Gas Heated by X-Rays and Energetic Electrons

"I propose to carry out a detailed study using infrared observations (and in some cases, optical and ultraviolet observations) of dense interstellar gas exposed to intense fluxes of X-rays and/or energetic electrons. This is undoubtedly the dominant source of line emission for clouds exposed to X-rays from active galactic nuclei, supernova shocks, or embedded X-ray sources (e.g., X-ray binaries), or to high-temperature or relativistic electrons in galaxy clusters, near powerful radio sources, or supernova remnants. Detailed physical and chemical models of such clouds will be used to analyze infrared observations of the Great Annihilator X-ray source in the Galactic Center, cD galaxies in massive cooling flows, and the nuclei of Seyfert galaxies which will be obtained with the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO), UV and optical observations of the Crab Nebula obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope, and ground-based near-infrared observations of Seyfert nuclei. Results from this work will also be of great relevance to observations obtained with the Submillimeter Wave Astronomical Satellite (SWAS). In the first year of funding of this proposal, my chief collaborators (D.J. Hollenbach and A.G.G.M. Tielens, both of NASA Ames Research Center) and I concentrated on completing our models of the physical conditions in, and the resulting line emission from, dense gas irradiated by X-rays. As noted in the original proposal, some important physical processes were not yet thoroughly incorporated into our models at the time of submission. We completed our modeling of the physical conditions and line emission for essentially the entire range of parameter space (five orders of magnitude in X-ray flux to gas density ratio) occupied by typical dense interstellar clouds in which the gas is mostly neutral and X-rays are important for the ionization, chemistry, and thermal balance.

Maloney, Philip R.↗
NASA NTRS1993

The nature of faint emission-line galaxies

One of the results of faint galaxy redshift surveys is the increased fraction of galaxies which have strong emission-line spectra. These faint surveys find that roughly 50 percent of the galaxies have an equivalent width of (OII), W sub 3727, greater than 20 A while this fraction is less than 20 percent in the DARS survey. This has been interpreted as evidence for strong evolution in the galaxy population at redshifts less than 0.5. In order to further investigate the properties of the galaxies in faint redshift surveys, two important factors must be addressed. The first is the observed correlation between color, luminosity, and W sub 3727. There is a correlation between color and the strength of emission lines, bluer galaxies having stronger emission features, as evident for Markarian galaxies and for galaxies in Kennicutt's spectrophotometric atlas. This correlation also applies galaxies in faint redshift surveys. In addition, low luminosity galaxies have a larger average W sub 3727 (and bluer colors) than higher luminosity galaxies. This is illustrated for Kennicutt's low z late-type galaxies, for the Durham Faint Surveys, and for galaxies in SA68. The second factor which must be incorporated into any interpretation of the faint emission galaxies is the different luminosity functions for galaxies depending on color. This is usually modeled by varying M* for different color classes (or morphological types); however, the shape of the luminosity function is different for galaxies with different colors. Low luminosity, blue galaxies have a much larger number density than low luminosity, red galaxies. Furthermore, the low luminosity end of the blue galaxy luminosity function is not well fit by a Schechter function. These two factors have been included in a very simple, no-evolution, model for the galaxy population. This model uses the luminosity functions from Shanks (1990) and spectral energy distributions (SED's) from Bruzual (1988). W sub 3727 is predicted using the correlation (including dispersion) with color.

Smetanka, John J.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Far-infrared emission lines of CO and OH in the Orion-KL molecular shock

Observations of far infrared rotational emission lines which arise in the shocked gas associated with Orion-Kl are presented, including detections of the CO J = 34 yields 33, J = 31 yields 30, J = 26 yields 25, and OH sup 2 PI sub (3/2) J sup P = 7/2(-) yields 5/2(+) emission lines, as well as improved measurements of the CO J = 22 yields 21 and OH sup 2 PI sub (3/2) J = 5/2 yields 3/2 lines. These lines are observed to have velocity widths of Del V approx. 20 to 30 km/sec, somewhat less than either the 2 micro H sub 2 lines or the high velocity plateau component of the millimeter wave CO lines seen in this object. An H sub 2 column density of approx. 3 x 10 to the 21st power, a total mass of approx. 1 solar mass and characteristic temperature and density T approx. 750 K and approx. 2 x 10 to the 6th power per cu cm can be derived from the CO intensities. The density is too low by at least an order of magnitude for the observed infrared H sub 2 and far infrared CO emission to be accounted for by a purely hydrodynamic shock, and support is lent to hydromagnetic shock models. From the present measurements, the relative abundance of CO is estimated to be CO H sub 2 = 1.2 x .0001, corresponding to 20% of the cosmic abundance of C existing in the form of CO. The average relative abundance of OH in the shocked gas is O/H sub 2 or = 5 x 10 to the -7th power. An upper limit to the intensity of the HD J = 1 yields 0 line is used to derive an upper limit of tau or = 3 for the D/H relative abundance in the Orion cloud core.

Watson, D. M.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Far-infrared emission lines of CO and OH in the Orion-KL molecular shock

Observations of far infrared rotational emission lines which arise in the shocked gas associted with Orion-Kl are presented, including detections of the CO J = 34 yields 33, J = 31 yields 30, J = 26 yields 25, and OH sup 2 PI sub (3/2) J sup P = 7/2(-) yields 5/2(+) emission lines, as well as improved measurements of the CO J = 22 yields 21 and OH sup 2 PI sub (3/2) J = 5/2 yields 3/2 lines. These lines are observed to have velocity widths of Del V approx. 20 to 30 km/sec, somewhat less than either the 2 micro H sub 2 lines or the high velocity plateau component of the millimeter wave CO lines seen in this object. An H sub 2 column density of aprox. 3 x 10 to the 21st power, a total mass of approx. 1 solar mass and characteristic temperature and density T approx. 750 K and approx. 2 x 10 to the 6th power per cu cm can be derived from the CO intensities. The density is too low by at least an order of magnitude for the observed infrared H sub 2 and far infrared CO emission to be accounted for by a purely hydrodynamic shock, and support is lent to hydromagnetic shock models. From the present measurements, the relative abundance of CO is estimated to be CO H sub 2 = 1.2 x .0001, corresponding to 20 percent of the cosmic abundance of C existing in the form of CO. The average relative abundance of OH in the shocked gas is O/H sub 2 or = 5 x 10 to the -7th power. An upper limit to the intensity of the HD J - 1 yields 0 line is used to derive an upper limit of tau or = 3 for the D/H relative abundance in the Orion cloud core.

Watson, D. M.↗