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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 199 records · Page 11
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2026

Biobased Polybenzoxazine Derived from Furfurylamine and Piceol with Low Cure Temperature and Advanced Properties for Composite Matrices

A novel benzoxazine made from furfurylamine, paraformaldehyde, and piceol, Bz-FA-HA, is assessed for applications in fiber reinforced (FR) composites. Piceol is a biobased phenolic compound derived from the roots of Norwegian spruce trees and contains a methyl ketone group at the para position. Bz-FA-HA is a liquid at room temperature, has a viscosity of < 1 Pa.s at temperatures above 90 °C, and a Tonset of cure at 132 °C. The carbonyl is found to react with the furan ring, yielding a crosslinking reaction, when cured above 180 °C as indicated by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Poly(Bz-FA-HA) has a Tg > 350 °C, attributed to the crosslinking reaction. Furthermore, the storage modulus is > 3 GPa, regardless of cure temperature. Poly(Bz-FA-HA) has a char yield at 800 °C of 65.0 % (62.3 % at 1000 °C), and a Tonset of decomposition of 357 °C in nitrogen. The resulting carbon formed during pyrolysis shrinks during the carbonization reaction and scanning electron microscopy imaging shows a cross-section with micro cracks. The high processability, advanced mechanical properties, and exceptional char yield make it a promising candidate as the matrix for FR composites.

Benzoxazine↗
NASA NTRS1968

Polymer research

Estimating solubility parameters from refractive index data, cationic crosslinking agents, and activated carrier mobility in organic solids

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1971

Polymerization of perfluorobutadiene at near-ambient conditions

Peroxide catalyst under mild conditions initiates homopolymerization of perfluoro butadiene to new linear perfluoro polyenes and vulcanizable fluoro elastomers. Resulting polyperfluoro butadiene serves as hard elastomer for good chemical resistance, as intermediate in graft polymerizations, and as crosslink for high molecular weight materials.

Toy, M. S.↗
NASA NTRS1971

Coatings from copolymers of tetraphenoxysilane and p,p(1)-biphenol

Resultant resin from copolymers is highly crosslinked and completely aromatic. Procedure develops polyaryoxysilane structure in situ after the substrate has first been coated with a prepolymer. Resins are useful as protective coatings for metals, ceramics, glass, and other materials that accommodate relatively high curing temperatures.

Dunnavant, W. R.↗
NASA NTRS1970

High-temperature molding of pyrrones

High temperature pyrrones molding, discussing covalent organic bonds breakage and subsequent structural rearrangement of crosslinked polymer network

Bagley, E. B.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Functionally terminated liquid nitroso fluorocarbon terpolymers

Properties of polymer for conformal coating for electronic circuitry are described. Nitroso fluorocarbon polymers were selected for application. Chemical reactions for production of polymers are discussed. Technique allows regulation of crosslink densities, molecular weight, and viscosity.

Mayes, N.↗
NASA NTRS1972

New type of trifunctional alcohol

New type of trifunctional alcohol was synthesized from commercially available trimer acid. Trifunctional alcohol is hydrocarbon with widely separated terminal hydroxyl groups, and was expressly developed as crosslinking agent for preparation of polyurethane propellants, binders and case liners.

Marsh, H. E., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1972

New polymer systems: Chain extension by dianhydrides

The results are presented for a systematic investigation on the use of anhydrides to prepare stable elastomeric materials for space use, under mild reaction conditions. The three anhydrides investigated were found to provide effective chain extension of hydroxy-terminated poly(alkylene oxides) and poly(butadienes). These were tetrahydrofuran tetracarboxylic dianhydride, pyromellitic dianhydride, and benzophenone tetracarboxylic diahydride. The most effective catalyst investigated was ferric acetylacetonate, which resulted in chain extension at 333 K (60 C). One feature of these anhydride reactants is that they are difunctional as anhydrides, but tetrafunctional if conditions are selected that lead to reaction of all carboxyl groups. Therefore, chain extension can be effected and then followed by crosslinking via the residual carboxyl groups.

Rhein, R. A.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Lifetime estimates for sterilizable silver-zinc battery separators

The lifetime of separator membranes currently employed in the electrolyte environment of silver-zinc batteries was estimated at 3 to 5 years. The separator membranes are crosslinked polyethylene film containing grafted poly (potassium acrylate)(PKA), the latter being the hydrophilic agent which promotes electrolyte ion transport. The lifetime was estimated by monitoring the rate of loss of PKA from the separators, caused by chemical attack of the electrolyte, and relating this loss rate to a known relationship between battery performance and PKA concentration in the separators.

Cuddihy, E. F.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Fabrication techniques for polybenzimidazole composites

Performance of polybenzimidazole composites as ablation shields can be substantially improved by thermal crosslinking. Program was designed to develop new processing methods and techniques for fabrication of polybenzimidazole composites. Report, which describes fabrication in detail, also includes specification and manufacturing standards.

Parker, J. A.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Extensional Flow of Bulk Polymers

A study was made of the behavior of polyisobutylene under motion at a constant stretch history for both strip biaxial extensional flow and simple extensional flow. Steady-state non-Newtonian viscosities were observed at various constant stretch histories. Newtonian viscosities for both strip biaxial and simple extensional flow were found to be in agreement with the classical theory. The results of the study provide an essential part of the experimental background necessary for the development of a new general stress-strain-time relation for uncrosslinked and lightly crosslinked polymers.

Peng, T. J.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Development of thermally stable phosphonitrile elastomers for advanced aerospace structures

Attempts to prepare low molecular weight, curable poly-(fluoroalkoxyphosphazenes) have been successful. Derivatization of /Cl2PN/n polymer with alkoxides gave functionally reactive terpolymers. These terpolymers could be crosslinked with polyisocyanates at room temperature. Attempts to control molecular weight have not been as successful. The effects of (Cl2PN)3 monomer purity, use of (Cl2PN)3,4 mixture, and early termination of the bulk polymerization of (Cl2PN)3 were studied briefly. Both low and high molecular weight polymers were obtained. Reaction of NH4Cl with PCl5 with subsequent heating to give chain extension gave either gels of oils with molecular weights of several thousand. The stabilization of poly-(fluoroalkoxyphosphazene) was investigated. The results generally were inconclusive, but acids were found to be deleterious while bases had little discernible effect. Improvements in stability by modification of end groups was inconclusive.

Reynard, K. A.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Development of modified poly(perfluoropropyleneoxide) urethane systems for use in liquid oxygen and in enriched 100 percent oxygen atmosphere

This program consisted of two separate though related phases. The initial phase was directed toward improving the mechanical and adhesive properties of the very highly fluorinated-polyurethane resin system derived from the hydroxyl-terminated polyperfluoropropylene oxide and 6-chloro-2,4,5-trifluoro-m-phenylene diisocyanate. Various new curing agents for this system were investigated, with the goal of providing a more thermally stable crosslink (cure) mechanism to provide wider applicability and fuller utilization of the outstanding oxygen resistance of the PFPO system. Complete resistance to liquid- and gaseous-oxygen impact at presures as high as 1035 N/sq cm were attained with the use of the PFPO resin castings. The second corollary phase was directed toward investigating the feasibility and optimization of the allophanate cured, urethane extended polymer derived from hydroxyl-terminated polyperfluoropropyleneoxide and 6-chloro-2,4,5-trifluoro-m-phenylene diisocyanate, as the adhesive system for use in a weld-bond configuration for liquid oxygen tankage. The synthesis and application procedures of the adhesive system to insure liquid oxygen compatibility (under 10 kg-m loading), and the development of procedures and techniques to provide high quality weld-bonded joint configurations were studied.

Harrison, E. S.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Development of thermally stable phosphonitrile elastomers for advanced aerospace structures

Both high and low molecular weight, curable poly(fluoroalkoxy phosphazene) terpolymers were prepared. These terpolymers resulted from reaction of (Cl2PNn) polymer with alkoxides derived from CF3CH2OH and C3F7CH2OH, and an alkoxide derived from CH3CH(OH)C2H4OH. The terpolymers were crosslinked with polyisocyanates at room temperature. High molecular weight materials were converted into isocyanate prepolymers which as films underwent moisture cures at room temperature. Prepolymer solutions were stable for several days, and showed good adhesion. Also the effects of polymerization of (Cl2PN)3 were studied. Purified octachlorophosphazene, thiocyanate salts, or hydrogen chloride were employed in attempts to decrease molecular weight. Hydrogen chloride was found to be a good agent for preparation of low molecular weight poly(dichloro phosphazene).

Reynard, K. A.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Manufacture and static firing of X259-E6 rocket motor serial number XJ04/0001

A single motor was cast and static fired to demonstrate the performance of high energy crosslinked double base (XLDB) propellant in standard X259 rocket motor hardware. Prior to motor fabrication, the motor was analyzed to predict the results of static firing the X259 motor loaded with XLDB propellant. As a result of the analyses, a forward dome shrinkage liner was added to the design. With this design change it was determined that adequate margins of safety existed. The motor, designated the X259-E6 model with serial number XJ04/0001, was fabricated using a slurry-casting technique and was assembled with a standard X259-B4 nozzle which had the nozzle throat machined to a smaller inside diameter than the B4 model and the exit cone cut short for Bacchus Works altitude expansion. The motor was static fired on 20 February 1974 with the nozzle failing during motor operation. Nozzle failure was attributed to spalling of the throat material leading to complete nozzle break-up. However, the propellant functioned as predicted in the motor chamber, ignition was normal, and char and erosion of the internal insulator were as expected.

Robertson, D. R.↗