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At least 199 records · Page 11
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2017

Survival Mediated Heavy Element Capture Cross Sections

Formally, the cross section for producing a heavy evaporation residue, σEVR, in a fusion reaction can be written as σEVR(E) = $\frac{πh2}{2μE}$ Σ∞l=0 (2l+1)T (E,l)P CN (E,l)W sur (E,l) where E is the center of mass energy, and T is the probability of the colliding nuclei to overcome the potential barrier in the entrance channel and reach the contact point. PCN is the probability that the projectile-target system will evolve from the contact point to the compound nucleus. W sur is the probability that the compound nucleus will decay to produce an evaporation residue rather than fissioning. However, one must remember that the W sur term effectively sets the allowed values of the spin, which in turn, restricts the values of the capture and fusion cross sections. We point out the implications of this fact for capture cross sections for heavy element formation reactions.

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗
DOE OSTI2019

Measurement of the cross-section and charge asymmetry of W bosons produced in proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=8~\text {TeV}$ with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents measurements of the W + → μ + ν and W - → μ-ν cross-sections and the associated charge asymmetry as a function of the absolute pseudorapidity of the decay muon. The data were collected in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC and correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 20.2 fb -1 . The precision of the cross-section measurements varies between 0.8 and 1.5% as a function of the pseudorapidity, excluding the 1.9% uncertainty on the integrated luminosity. The charge asymmetry is measured with an uncertainty between 0.002 and 0.003. The results are compared with predictions based on next-to-next-to-leading-order calculations with various parton distribution functions and have the sensitivity to discriminate between them.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Measurement of the cross-section of high transverse momentum vector bosons reconstructed as single jets and studies of jet substructure in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This article presents a measurement of the cross-section for high transverse momentum W and Z bosons produced in pp collisions and decaying to all-hadronic final states. The data used in the analysis were recorded by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=7\;{\rm Te}{\rm V}$ and correspond to an integrated luminosity of $4.6\;{\rm f}{{{\rm b}}^{-1}}$. The measurement is performed by reconstructing the boosted W or Z bosons in single jets. The reconstructed jet mass is used to identify the W and Z bosons, and a jet substructure method based on energy cluster information in the jet centre-of-mass frame is used to suppress the large multi-jet background. The cross-section for events with a hadronically decaying W or Z boson, with transverse momentum ${{p}_{{\rm T}}}\gt 320\;{\rm Ge}{\rm V}$ and pseudorapidity $|\eta |\lt 1.9$, is measured to be ${{\sigma }_{W+Z}}=8.5\pm 1.7$ pb and is compared to next-to-leading-order calculations. The selected events are further used to study jet grooming techniques.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
NASA NTRS1996

Microscopic optical model calculations of 4He, 12C-nucleus absorption cross sections

Calculations of absorption cross sections using a microscopic first-order optical potential for heavy-ion scattering are compared with experiments. In-medium nucleon-nucleon (NN) cross sections were used to calculate the two-body scattering amplitude. A medium-modified first-order optical potential was obtained for heavy-ion scattering using the in-medium two-body scattering amplitude. A partial wave expansion of the Lippmann-Schwinger equation in momentum space was used to calculate the absorption cross sections for various systems. The results are presented for the absorption cross sections for 4He-nucleus and 12C-nucleus scattering systems and are compared with the experimental values in the energy range 18-83A MeV. The use of the in-medium NN cross sections is found to result in significant reduction of the free space absorption cross sections in agreement with experiment.

NASA Discipline Radiation Health↗
DOE OSTI2011

Direct Total Cross Section Measurement of the 16O(α,γ)20Ne Reaction at Ec.m. = 2.26 MeV

In stellar helium burning, (16)O represents the endpoint of the helium-burning sequence due to the low rate of (16)O(alpha,gamma)(20)Ne. We present a new direct measurement of the total capture reaction rate of (16)O(alpha,gamma)(20)Ne at E(c.m.) = 2.26MeV employing the DRAGON recoil separator. For the first time, the total S factor and its contributing direct capture transitions could be determined in one experiment.

Hager, Ulrike↗
DOE OSTI2011

Measurement of multi-jet cross sections in proton–proton collisions at a 7 TeV center-of-mass energy

Inclusive multi-jet production is studied in proton–proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, using the ATLAS detector. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 2.4 pb -1 . Results on multi-jet cross sections are presented and compared to both leading-order plus parton-shower Monte Carlo predictions and to next-to-leading-order QCD calculations.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Cross sections for the reactions e + e - → K S 0 K L 0 π 0 , K S 0 K L 0 η , and K S 0 K L 0 π 0 π 0 from events with initial-state radiation

Here, we study the processes e + e - → K$0\atop{S}$ K$0\atop{L}$ π 0 γ , K $0\atop{S}$ K$0\atop{L}$ η γ , and K$0\atop{S}$ K$0\atop{L}$ π 0 π 0 γ , where the photon is radiated from the initial state, providing cross section measurements for the hadronic final states over a continuum of center-of-mass energies. The results are based on 469 fb -1 of data collected at or near the Υ ( 4 S ) resonance with the BABAR detector at SLAC. We present the first measurements of the e + e - → K$0\atop{S}$ K$0\atop{L}$ π 0 , K$0\atop{S}$ K$0\atop{L}$ η , and K$0\atop{S}$ K$0\atop{L}$ π 0 π 0 cross sections up to a center-of-mass energy of 4 GeV and study their intermediate resonance structures. We observe J / ψ decays to all of these final states for the first time, present measurements of their J / ψ branching fractions, and search for ψ (2S) decays.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Measurement of the differential cross sections for isolated direct photon pair production in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$= 1.96 TeV

We present measurements of direct photon pair production cross sections using 8.5fb -1 of data collected with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron $p\bar{p}$ collider. The results are presented as differential distributions of the photon pair invariant mass $dσ/dM_{γγ}$, pair transverse momentum $dσ/dp^{γγ}_{T}$, azimuthal angle between the photons $dσ/dΔφ_{γγ}$, and polar scattering angle in the Collins–Soper frame $dσ/d|cos θ*|$. Measurements are performed for isolated photons with transverse momenta $p^γ_T$ > 18(17)GeV for the leading (next-to-leading) photon in $p_T$, pseudorapidities , |$η^γ$| < 0.9 and a separation in η–φ space Δ$\mathscr{R}_{γγ}$ >0.4. We present comparisons with the predictions from Monte Carlo event generators DIPHOX and RESBOS implementing QCD calculations at next-to-leading order, 2γNNLO at next-to-next-to-leading order, and SHERPA using matrix elements with higher-order real emissions matched to parton shower.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2018

EXSAN: An Interactive Version of the Nuclear Cross Section Data Handbook - 25687

Neutron cross section measurements and data files have advanced significantly since 1989 when Los Alamos published 'A Nuclear Cross Section Data Handbook', a detailed compendium of point-wise cross section plots and pie charts of relative contributions of individual reactions to the total cross section for 129 isotopes. Other compendiums with similar data and analysis tools have also been published. The intent of this work is to develop a modern, open-source application for interactive exploration and analysis of Evaluated Nuclear Data File (ENDF) libraries that also allows users to create their own 'Nuclear Cross Section Data Handbooks'. EXSAN is an easy-to-use graphical user interface application for exploring ENDF photon and neutron cross sections developed in Python. In addition to interactive plotting, EXSAN includes methods for computing rank-order lists of cross section for any energy and calculating composite cross sections for isotopic and elemental compositions and additional batch automation features. (authors)

61 RADIATION PROTECTION AND DOSIMETRY↗
DOE OSTI2013

Measurement of the ratio of differential cross sections σ(pp̄→Z+b jet)/σ(pp̄→Z+jet) in pp̄ collisions at √s=1.96 TeV

We measure the ratio of cross sections, σ(pp̄→Z+b jet)/σ(pp̄→Z+jet), for associated production of a Z boson with at least one jet. The ratio is also measured as a function of the Z boson transverse momentum, jet transverse momentum, jet pseudorapidity, and the azimuthal angle between the Z boson with respect to the highest p T b tagged jet. These measurements use data collected by the D0 experiment in Run II of Fermilab’s Tevatron pp̄ Collider at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 9.7 fb⁻¹. The results are compared to predictions from next-to-leading order calculations and various Monte Carlo event generators.

Abazov, V. M.↗
DOE OSTI2011

Neutron-capture Cross Sections from Indirect Measurements

Cross sections for compound-nuclear reactions play an important role in models of astrophysical environments and simulations of the nuclear fuel cycle. Providing reliable cross section data remains a formidable task, and direct measurements have to be complemented by theoretical predictions and indirect methods. The surrogate nuclear reactions method provides an indirect approach for determining cross sections for reactions on unstable isotopes, which are difficult or impossible to measure otherwise. Current implementations of the method provide useful cross sections for (n,f) reactions, but need to be improved upon for applications to capture reactions.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗