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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 199 records · Page 11
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Reimagining DOE Lab-University Partnership for the AI Era

This report describes observations and suggestions from a workshop on needs for partnerships between national laboratories and universities in the AI era. The workshop took place over two days in March of 2024 at Texas A&M University’s Bush School of Government and Public Service Washington, D.C., teaching site. Through good fortune this happened to be at the peak of cherry blossom season and the weather was beautiful. In attendance were professors and leadership from universities across the nation, members of four national laboratories, and a representative of the Office of Critical and Emerging Technologies in Department of Energy (DOE). This group spanned a broad range of disciplines—applied mathematics, materials science, nuclear security, intelligence, and more. The workshop also had the benefit of insights from Charlie McMillan, former director of Los Alamos National Laboratory, and retired Air Force Lieutenant General Jack Shanahan, who led AI efforts at the Pentagon.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2025

Customizable Technical Specifications for Lithium-Ion Battery Storage Projects

Learn how to navigate the FEMP Lithium-ion Battery Storage Technical Specifications, a key resource for federal agencies developing onsite energy storage projects. This webinar, led by technical experts, will provide a step-by-step walkthrough of the specifications, supplemented with a real-world case study. Gain practical insights to support successful battery storage project development and implementation.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Four-year Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS) Observations: On-sky Receiver Performance at 40, 90, 150, and 220 GHz Frequency Bands

The Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS) observes the polarized cosmic microwave background (CMB) over the angular scales of 1° ≲ θ ≤ 90° with the aim of characterizing primordial gravitational waves and cosmic reionization. We report on the on-sky performance of the CLASS Q-band (40 GHz), W-band (90 GHz), and dichroic G-band (150/220 GHz) receivers that have been operational at the CLASS site in the Atacama desert since 2016 June, 2018 May, and 2019 September, respectively. We show that the noise-equivalent power measured by the detectors matches the expected noise model based on on-sky optical loading and lab-measured detector parameters. Using Moon, Venus, and Jupiter observations, we obtain power to antenna temperature calibrations and optical efficiencies for the telescopes. From the CMB survey data, we compute instantaneous array noise-equivalent-temperature sensitivities of 22, 19, 23, and 71 $\mu {{\rm{K}}}_{\mathrm{cmb}}\sqrt{{\rm{s}}}$ for the 40, 90, 150, and 220 GHz frequency bands, respectively. These noise temperatures refer to white noise amplitudes, which contribute to sky maps at all angular scales. Future papers will assess additional noise sources impacting larger angular scales.

Observational cosmology↗
DOE OSTI2026

DrEVL Radiometer Calibration

This report details the calibration procedures that were used for the spectral and radiometric part of the DrEVL radiometers. Our goal was to develop a highly repeatable and low cost spectral radiometer that could be deployed at numerous sites to collect a catalog of lightning data. Maximizing the re-usability of that data requires a well-calibrated instrument.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2021

The Large Enriched Germanium Experiment for Neutrinoless ββ Decay (LEGEND-1000 Preconceptual Design Report)

We propose the construction of LEGEND-1000, the ton-scale Large Enriched Germanium Experiment for Neutrinoless ββ Decay. This experiment is an international project designed to answer one of the highest priority questions in fundamental physics. It consists of 1000 kg of Ge detectors enriched to more than 90% in the 76 Ge isotope of interest operated in a liquid argon active shield at a deep underground lab. The experiment is designed to achieve a discovery potential that covers the inverted-ordering neutrino mass scale region. The baseline design assumes installation in the SNOLAB cryopit. A similar experimental setup could also be realized at the LNGS alternative site.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Updated Medical Waste Management Plans and Emergency Action Plans for the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Main Site

Attached are the updated Medical Waste Management Plans and Emergency Action Plans for Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory’s (LLNL) Biosafety Level 2 (BSL-2) facilities and Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) facility. A redline version of each document has also been provided. Minor changes such as facility personnel, contact information, and titles for those that support onsite Biosafety Labs at LLNL have been made to the document. It should be noted that the most recent versions of the Medical Waste Large Quantity Generator Registration Application Form and Medical Waste Management Plan were incorporated and sourced from the Alameda County Department of Environmental Health website.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Shielding Benchmark Comparison - MCNP6.2

This report documents the calculations performed for a shielding code comparison between various Department of Energy (DOE) sites. These shielding calculations were performed using an experiment drawn from the International Handbook of Evaluated Criticality Safety Benchmark Experiments, published by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development/Nuclear Energy Agency (OECD/NEA). The benchmark selected for comparison is ALARM-CF-AIR-LAB-001 (“Neutron Fields in the Three-Section Concrete Labyrinth from Cf-252 Source, Benchmark ALARM CF AIR LAB-001”). The Y-12 submission for this code comparison was performed with Monte Carlo N Particle (MCNP) Transport Code System, Version 6.2 and Automated Variance Reduction Generator (ADVANTG).

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Potent Inhibition of E. coli DXP Synthase by a gem -Diaryl Bisubstrate Analog

New antimicrobial strategies are needed to address pathogen resistance to currently used antibiotics. Bacterial central metabolism is a promising target space for the development of agents that selectively target bacterial pathogens. 1-Deoxy- D -xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXPS) converts pyruvate and d-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate ( D -GAP) to DXP, which is required for synthesis of essential vitamins and isoprenoids in bacterial pathogens. Thus, DXPS is a promising antimicrobial target. Toward this goal, our lab has demonstrated selective inhibition of Escherichia coli DXPS by alkyl acetylphosphonate (alkylAP)-based bisubstrate analogs that exploit the requirement for ternary complex formation in the DXPS mechanism. Here, we present the first DXPS structure with a bisubstrate analog bound in the active site. Insights gained from this cocrystal structure guided structure–activity relationship studies of the bisubstrate scaffold. A low nanomolar inhibitor (compound 8) bearing a gem-dibenzyl glycine moiety conjugated to the acetylphosphonate pyruvate mimic via a triazole-based linker emerged from this study. Compound 8 was found to exhibit slow, tight-binding inhibition, with contacts to E. coli DXPS residues R99 and R478 demonstrated to be important for this behavior. This work has discovered the most potent DXPS inhibitor to date and highlights a new role of R99 that can be exploited in future inhibitor designs toward the development of a novel class of antimicrobial agents.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2025

Microgrid Procurement Checklist Training: Part 1

Learn how to navigate the Microgrid Procurement Checklist, a key resource for federal agencies developing microgrid projects. This first session will provide a step-by-step walkthrough of the checklist, helping participants understand its structure, key tasks, and how to apply it in project planning.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Tailoring mechanical properties of a multi-principal element alloy through a multi-length-scale approach

In this study, a multi-length-scale strengthening approach was used to tailor the microstructure and the mechanical properties of a NiCoCr-based multi-principal element alloy (MPEA). Grain size refinement, severe lattice distortion, and stacking fault energy (SFE) reduction with Mo addition (up to 10 at.%) enhance yield strength by 85% with only 10% reduction in ductility in as-annealed MPEAs. A pronounced increase in the strain hardening rate was observed with the addition of Mo, which is ascribed to the promotion of complex stacking fault (SF) interaction and intersection, accompanied by Lomer-Cottrell (L-C) and Hirth locks inhibiting dislocation motion and substantial increase in the accumulation of back stress. To push the limit of the yield strength further, the Suzuki segregation phenomenon was manipulated by a careful control of SF density by pre-straining and a subsequent 500 °C heat treatment. The stress-strain responses of the pre-strained and heat treated MPEAs showed an obvious SF density and Mo concentration dependence. Furthermore, the yield strength of the pre-strained Mo-added MPEAs with subsequent heat treatment was increased up to true stress of 2.3 GPa with a corresponding fracture elongation of 12% true strain. SFs formed during pre-straining served as Cr segregation sites during subsequent heat treatment, which substantially varies the local SFE within the SF, presenting a roughened landscape and frustrating the dislocation dynamics.

mechanical properties↗
DOE OSTI2025

EMP - Environmental Radiological Air Monitoring Plan: PNNL Operations in Washington

The Environmental Radiological Air Monitoring Plan (EMP) for Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) describes systems/processes/practices related to radiological operations in Richland and Sequim, Washington, that are associated with environmental radiological air monitoring and surveillance activities. The activities described support the lab’s responsibility to maintain safe operations and minimize negative impacts to both onsite and offsite persons and environment. Dose assessments required by regulations and DOE Orders for the public and biota are described. PNNL conducts environmental air surveillance monitoring as part of the PNNL Site Radioactive Air Emissions License (RAEL)-005 for Richland Campus, issued in 2010 with its most recent renewal effective in January 2021. The radioactive air emissions license for the PNNL-Sequim campus (RAEL-014) was issued to the U.S. Department of Energy in 2012 with its most recent renewal effective in January 2023. The EMP is a compilation of the following four documents: - Environmental Radiological Air Monitoring Plan (this main document) (PNNL-20919) - Sampling and Analysis Plan (Attachment 1) (PNNL-20919-1) - Data Management Plan (Attachment 2) (PNNL-20919-2) - Dose Assessment Guidance (Attachment 3) (PNNL-20919-3).

40 CFR 61 Subpart H↗
DOE OSTI2025

Assess Floating Offshore Wind Energy Costs and Performance - FLOWIN Voucher: Cooperative Research and Development Final Report, CRADA Number CRD-23-23792

In support of the FLOWIN Phase One Winner Voucher Utilization, NREL will assist with assessing floating offshore wind energy installation logistics and costs for several sites using the floating substructure design developed by the University of Maine. This will help inform understanding of floating offshore wind energy technology cost drivers.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

The Design, Fabrication, and Test Program for NREL's Wave-Powered Desalination System: Preprint

Starting in 2018, the U.S. Department of Energy's Water Power Technologies Office (WPTO), initiated the development of a prize competition as a foundational investment of Powering the Blue Economy, The prize encouraged the development of small, modular, cost-competitive wave-powered desalination systems. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) was tasked with managing the prize, known as the Waves to Water Prize (W2W), and providing technical input based on prior desalination research performed at the lab. NREL partnered with the Coastal Studies Institute (CSI) and Jennette's Pier in North Carolina for their expertise in deploying research articles at the Jennette's Pier research facility. The prize consisted of five stages that included high-level concept proposals, numerical modelling, site- specific design, subsystem prototyping, and a final ocean demonstration. Due to the logistical risks of installing numerous prototypes in the ocean at the same time, NREL was tasked with designing and building a test article to de- risk the final event. The test article design needed to represent the technologies expected in the final stage of the prize. This meant that the design was expected to follow the same rules as the competitors, providing CSI with an opportunity to practice installations and develop a final logistics plan prior to the final event. After concluding the W2W event in April 2022, the NREL test article was redeployed in August 2022 to better understand the challenges of anchoring wave energy converters (WECs) in shallow water conditions with breaking waves. For the Spanish version of this report, see NREL/CP-5700-88482 (https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy24osti/88482.pdf).

deployment↗
DOE OSTI2023

FY23 Update: Aerosol Sampling for the Canister Deposition Field Demonstration

This report describes the results of preliminary testing of aerosol monitoring equipment that will be used to continuously monitor the aerosol source term for the multi-year Canister Deposition Field Demonstration (CDFD). These data are required inputs for the development and validation of models for the deposition of dust and potentially corrosive salts on the surface of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) dry storage canisters. Surface salt loads correlate with the extent of corrosion damage on a metal surface, and potentially to the likelihood and timing of initiation of stress corrosion cracks. Aerosols will be monitored at the CDFD site using three instruments. A Dekati ® ELPI+ cascade impactor will be used for real-time monitoring of aerosol particle sizes. It will also collect dust in 14 size bins on impactor targets that can be chemically analyzed to determine the soluble salts present as a function of particle size. However, this instrument can only measure dried aerosols, with a diameter of <10 µm. The second instrument is a Topas laser particle size spectrometer, which provides real-time monitoring of aerosol particle sizes up to ~40 µm in size. It monitors both the ambient (potentially deliquesced) aerosol particle size distributions required for the dust deposition models and the distributions of the equivalent dried particles, allowing correlation with the Dekati ® data. However, it does not discriminate between inert dust particles and salt aerosols, and it does not retain samples of the different particle sizes for later analysis. The third instrument that will monitor aerosols at the CDFD site is a Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNET) tower, which uses a multiple canister system to collect weekly samples for analysis to total suspended aerosol particle compositions and atmospheric gas concentrations. This status report describes work in FY23 to develop the capabilities for using these tools. In two training exercises, the cascade impactor and laser particle sizer were deployed in two different testing environments, one indoor and one outdoor. For the cascade impactor, the tests provided opportunities for the operators to familiarize themselves with impactor substrate preparation, and post-test sample removal and analysis. For the laser particle sizer, the tests were used to evaluate different instrument parameters, to determine the most appropriate settings for capturing transient events. Data and samples were collected for weeks to months for each test, and the results are presented here. In addition to the preliminary testing, contracts were developed with WSP Analytical Labs for sample preparation and analysis of the cascade impactor samples. The impactor tower from outdoor test was delivered to WSP and used to train the staff there in disassembly, sample extraction, sample analysis, and tower reassembly with new target substrates. These are tasks that WSP will be performing routinely for the CDFD project. The CASTNET system cannot be purchased or tested until an actual site has been selected for the CDFD test. Work for this FY has been restricted to preparation of contracts for purchasing the CASTNET tower, and for sample analysis, once the tower is in operation.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Incident excitation effects on ZnO-based photoluminescence

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is an attractive semiconductor material owing to a wide band gap, large exciton binding energy, and strong luminescent properties. Two distinct spectral regions are present in the room temperature emission of this material: a narrow line in the UV/near-UV region that is excitonic in nature and a lower energy broad emission band centered in the green/yellow region. Commercially available ZnO particles containing excess Zn and oxygen vacancy defect sites (referred to as ZnO:Zn) were excited using three light sources to study different radiative recombination regimes of the as-received powders. First, a UV LED at a center wavelength of 365 nm provided low irradiance (0.02–0.08 W/cm 2 ) with varying pulse widths (continuous operation to 16 ns). Second, the third harmonic of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser provided high irradiances (∼10 4 –10 6 W/cm 2 ) at a fixed nominal pulse width of 5 ns. Finally, a continuous polychromatic synchrotron X-ray source was also used to excite the ZnO:Zn powders. During UV LED excitation, a low number of carriers are created in the material, leading to an anticipated linear relationship between luminescence and irradiance. This held true for defect luminescence; however, there was an observed enhancement of exciton emission relative to the UV LED intensity as the pulse width was decreased, independent of irradiance. During UV laser excitation, the number of carriers was significantly increased, raising the material into a bimolecular recombination regime, which produced exciton emission much stronger than visible band emission. Finally, spectra obtained during synchrotron X-ray excitation, whose continuous illumination and higher penetration depth yielded higher emission from defect sites relative to exciton emission. A redshift in the exciton emission was also observed as excitation pulse width and sample temperature were varied, and is discussed.

Westphal, Eric Robert [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-N↗
DOE OSTI2020

FIU Projects 4 & 5: DOE-FIU Science and Technology Workforce Development Program

The DOE-FIU Science and Technology Workforce Development Program has been designed to build upon the existing DOE/FIU relationship by creating a “pipeline” of minority engineers specifically trained and mentored to enter the Department of Energy workforce in technical areas of need. The main objective of the program is to provide interested students with a unique opportunity to integrate course work, DOE field work, and research work at FIU into a well-structured academic program that leads to entry into DOE EM’s Pathways Program. Students selected as DOE EM Fellows perform research at FIU and at DOE sites, national laboratories, and DOE contractors. Graduation and completion of this fellowship leads to employment opportunities with DOE EM, DOE contractors, DOE national laboratories, other federal agencies, and private industry as well as the pursuit of post-master or post-doctoral positions at DOE national labs.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2022

A substrate-induced gating mechanism is conserved among Gram-positive IgA1 metalloproteases

The mucosal adaptive immune response is dependent on the production of IgA antibodies and particularly IgA1, yet opportunistic bacteria have evolved mechanisms to specifically block this response by producing IgA1 proteases (IgA1Ps). Our lab was the first to describe the structures of a metal-dependent IgA1P (metallo-IgA1P) produced from Gram-positive Streptococcus pneumoniae both in the absence and presence of its IgA1 substrate through cryo-EM single particle reconstructions. This prior study revealed an active-site gating mechanism reliant on substrate-induced conformational changes to the enzyme that begged the question of whether such a mechanism is conserved among the wider Gram-positive metallo-IgA1P subfamily of virulence factors. Here, we used cryo-EM to characterize the metallo-IgA1P of a more distantly related family member from Gemella haemolysans, an emerging opportunistic pathogen implicated in meningitis, endocarditis, and more recently bacteremia in the elderly. While the substrate-free structures of these two metallo-IgA1Ps exhibit differences in the relative starting positions of the domain responsible for gating substrate, the enzymes have similar domain orientations when bound to IgA1. Together with biochemical studies that indicate these metallo-IgA1Ps have similar binding affinities and activities, these data indicate that metallo-IgA1P binding requires the specific IgA1 substrate to open the enzymes for access to their active site and thus, largely conform to an “induced fit” model.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Effects of Experimental Warming and Elevated CO 2 on CO 2 and CH 4 Fluxes in an Ombrotrophic Black-Spruce. Final Report

High latitude peatlands and permafrost soils contain nearly half of the soil carbon pool on Earth. The potential for large soil C stocks in peatlands and permafrost to become a positive feedback to climate change by increasing net emissions of CO₂ and CH₄ to the atmosphere is a subject of grave concern. This research was conducted at the Spruce and Peatland Responses Under Changing Environments (herein SPRUCE) experimental facility, located in the USDA’s Marcell Experimental Forest in northern Minnesota. The site is dominated by Picea mariana [herein black spruce], ericaceous shrubs and Sphagnum spp. Ten 12m-diameter open top chambers expose portions of the 8.1-ha S1 bog to warming up to +9°C in 2.25°C increments at ambient and elevated CO₂ (eCO₂, 900ppm). The Finzi lab group began manual measurements of CO₂ and CH₄ fluxes and their C-isotopic compositions in 2014. With funding from the DOE-TES program automated measurements of these species began in 2015. With a one-year no cost extension we were able to make measurements through the 2018 growing season. Across the study period we find that experimental warming of the peatland significantly increases the flux of CO₂ and CH₄ to the atmosphere. The highest temperature treatments had the highest fluxes. As peatlands have complex topography and water table dynamics, many of these results were contingent upon the topographic location in which the measurements were made. In the raised portions of the peatland divorced from the water table, fluxes of CO₂ were high and fluxes of CH₄ were low. By contrast, in the lower portions of the peatland surface, which is at or very near the water table, fluxes of CH₄ were substantially higher. A significant fraction of the total annual CH₄ flux was derived from episodic ebullitive fluxes. The occurrence and size of these ebullitive fluxes also increased with temperature. Experimental fumigation of the black spruce peatland with elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO₂ [herein eCO₂] also had significant effects on emissions of greenhouse gasses. In general these effects were far more subtle than the effects of rising temperature. This indicates that temperature change more than atmospheric chemistry changes are affect the belowground cycle of C in the peatland. Overall, this study shows that boreal peatlands are highly sensitive to changes in temperature. The warmer it becomes the more C will be lost from the peatland to the atmosphere. This appears to create a positive feedback loop that is likely to enhance the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗