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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 199 records · Page 11
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CsRb2GaI6 by Materials Project

(Rb)2CsGaI6 crystallizes in the cubic Fm-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional and consists of eight rubidium molecules and one CsGaI6 framework. In the CsGaI6 framework, Cs1+ is bonded to six equivalent I1- atoms to form CsI6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent GaI6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. All Cs–I bond lengths are 3.59 Å. Ga3+ is bonded to six equivalent I1- atoms to form GaI6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent CsI6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. All Ga–I bond lengths are 2.81 Å. I1- is bonded in a linear geometry to one Cs1+ and one Ga3+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Rb3LaCl6 by Materials Project

(Rb)2RbLaCl6 is High-temperature superconductor-derived structured and crystallizes in the cubic Fm-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional and consists of eight rubidium molecules and one RbLaCl6 framework. In the RbLaCl6 framework, Rb1+ is bonded to six equivalent Cl1- atoms to form RbCl6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent LaCl6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. All Rb–Cl bond lengths are 3.13 Å. La3+ is bonded to six equivalent Cl1- atoms to form LaCl6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent RbCl6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. All La–Cl bond lengths are 2.77 Å. Cl1- is bonded in a linear geometry to one Rb1+ and one La3+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on RbAlFe2F2 by Materials Project

RbFe2AlF2 crystallizes in the tetragonal P4/mbm space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of two rubidium molecules and one Fe2AlF2 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. In the Fe2AlF2 sheet, Fe is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to two equivalent Al atoms. Both Fe–Al bond lengths are 2.47 Å. Al is bonded in a linear geometry to four equivalent Fe and two equivalent F atoms. Both Al–F bond lengths are 1.83 Å. F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Al atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CsRb2YBr6 by Materials Project

(Rb)2CsYBr6 crystallizes in the cubic Fm-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional and consists of eight rubidium molecules and one CsYBr6 framework. In the CsYBr6 framework, Cs1+ is bonded to six equivalent Br1- atoms to form CsBr6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent YBr6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. All Cs–Br bond lengths are 3.41 Å. Y3+ is bonded to six equivalent Br1- atoms to form YBr6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent CsBr6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. All Y–Br bond lengths are 2.80 Å. Br1- is bonded in a linear geometry to one Cs1+ and one Y3+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CsRb2YCl6 by Materials Project

(Rb)2CsYCl6 crystallizes in the cubic Fm-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional and consists of eight rubidium molecules and one CsYCl6 framework. In the CsYCl6 framework, Cs1+ is bonded to six equivalent Cl1- atoms to form CsCl6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent YCl6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. All Cs–Cl bond lengths are 3.26 Å. Y3+ is bonded to six equivalent Cl1- atoms to form YCl6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent CsCl6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. All Y–Cl bond lengths are 2.64 Å. Cl1- is bonded in a linear geometry to one Cs1+ and one Y3+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Rb2NO4 by Materials Project

(Rb2O2)2N2(O2)2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pmma space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of two ammonia molecules, two hydrogen peroxide molecules, and four rubidium hydroxide molecules.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Rb by Materials Project

Rb is alpha structured and crystallizes in the cubic I-43m space group. The structure is three-dimensional and consists of two rubidium molecules and one Rb framework. In the Rb framework, there are three inequivalent Rb sites. In the first Rb site, Rb is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three equivalent Rb atoms. All Rb–Rb bond lengths are 4.89 Å. In the second Rb site, Rb is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to eight Rb atoms. There are a spread of Rb–Rb bond distances ranging from 4.67–5.11 Å. In the third Rb site, Rb is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to eight Rb atoms. There are one shorter (4.49 Å) and two longer (4.66 Å) Rb–Rb bond lengths.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Electron bunch position determination using a high frequency button beam position monitor in the AWAKE facility

The AWAKE facility uses novel proton beam-driven plasma wakefields to accelerate electron bunches over 10m of Rubidium plasma. Precise monitoring of 2 diverse beam types necessitates an electron beam position monitor (BPM) working in a frequency regime of tens of GHz. A high frequency conical button-style BPM with a working regime of up to 40 GHz has been investigated as a way to discriminate the electromagnetic fields of 19 MeV, 4 ps electron bunches propagating spatially and temporally together with a 400 GeV, 170 ps proton bunch in the AWAKE common beamline. The sensitivity of the HF BPM to the electron beam position is determined under various beam conditions, with both electrons and protons, and integration with a TRIUMF front-end is discussed.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Quantum Enhanced Tracker (Final Report)

A new concept of charged particle detector, called Quantum Enhanced Tracker (QET) is proposed and intended for optical imaging of charged particle tracks. We present a quantum-based detection method for reconstructing the spatial profile of an electron beam by passing it through a dilute vapor of rubidium atoms. The perturbation of the atomic spin’s quantum state by the electron beam’s magnetic field is detected via nonlinear magneto-optical polarization rotation. Consequently, the electron beam’s position, size and current density can be measured, and its transverse profile reconstructed by analyzing the polarization rotation of a transverse probe laser. This method was experimentally studied using e-beams with currents ranging from 1 to 200 μA and energies between 10 to 20 keV. The results show that this approach is sensitive to the e-beam current and independent of e-beam energy. This technique provides a potentially 3-D capable approach for non-invasive characterization and monitoring of charged particles used in accelerators and nuclear physics research.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

State-to-State Molecular Reactions in the Ultracold Regime (Final Scientific Report)

We have achieved the proposed goal to experimentally probe the AB + CD and AB + C types of reactions with state-to-state resolution, which we also compared to advanced theoretical calculations to help elucidate the role of quantum mechanics in the processes of bond breakage and formation. Our approach uses reactants that are prepared at ultracold temperatures (< 1µK) such that the quantum effects of translational motion are an important factor. Specific example reactions, including the potassium-rubidium metathesis reaction KRb + KRb → K 2 + Rb 2 as well as the atom exchange reaction Rb + KRb → Rb2 + K, are chosen because the technology of quantum internal and motional state control of these types of molecules is particularly advanced. The results for the entire funding period are fruitful. For the majority of this grant, we have constructed a one-of-the-kind quantum degenerate gas apparatus that integrates ion detection and velocity map imaging capabilities, allowing us to explore the KRb + KRb → K 2 + Rb 2 bimolecular reaction in detail. Specifically, we first verified such a reaction indeed proceed at ultracold temperatures by direct detection of reaction products. We then mapped out the complete product state distribution, which was compared to a state-counting model based on statistical theory. Our results show an overall agreement with the statistical state counting model, but also reveal several deviating state-pairs. An exact quantum calculation for molecule-molecule collisions, that is needed to understand these deviations, is however beyond the current state-of-the-art. Beside scrutinizing the reaction products, we also directly observe the reaction intermediate complex, which was quite a surprise to us. The intermediate complexes are long-lived and can interact with the inferred light that we use to trap the ultracold gas. After molecule-molecule collisions, we then explored the more theoretically tractable Rb + KRb reaction, which is endothermic. Surprisingly, we observed an exceedingly long-lived KRb$^*_2$ collisional complexes, with our experimentally measured complex lifetime deviating from conventional theoretical calculations by five orders of magnitude. This discrepancy has motivated many explorations of possible underlying causes, though no model yet captures this phenomenon completely. In the final year and the work that continues today, we extend upon these atom-molecule collision experiments to explore the origin of the long-lived KRb$^*_2$ complex lifetime and develop means to control the outcome of the reaction complex. The 5-year funded work advanced our understanding of chemical reactions at the lowest possible temperatures and at the same time opened up many new questions that are beyond our initial imaginations.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2024

Elemental profiling and genomewide association studies reveal genomic variants modulating ionomic composition in Populus trichocarpa leaves

Samples were collected from a population of 1,089 black cottonwood genotypes (P. trichocarpa) assembled from native stands to encompass the central portion of the natural range of the species, stretching from 38.8° to 54.3° N Q13 latitude from California, USA, to British Columbia, Canada. Establishment of the common garden, growth conditions, and site maintenance have been described by Muchero et al (2015). In this study, leaf samples for ionomic profiling were collected from 4-year-old trees, during the growing season, in July 2012, from a field located in Clatskanie, Oregon, USA (46°6′11″N 123°12′13″W). The field site was located in a protected alluvial floodplain containing a uniform Wauna-Locoda silt loam soil area characterized by an acidic pH, in Columbia County, Oregon. A subset of 584 out of the 1,089 P. trichocarpa genotypes were represented in this sampling. These genotypes were randomly selected to represent the geographical distribution of the population. A single fully mature (LPI 7-9) leaf on the south side of the tree exposed to full sunlight conditions was removed from the tree within a 6-hour window centering on solar noon and immediately frozen under dry ice before processing. Leaf samples of 584 P. trichocarpa genotypes were finely ground to 40 mm particle size using a mortar and pestle, and ionomic composition was analyzed using ICP-MS. In total, 20 elements were profiled, including aluminum (Al27), arsenic (As75), boron (B11), cadmium (Cd111), calcium (Ca43), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe57), magnesium (Mg25), manganese (Mn55), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni60), phosphorus (P31), potassium (K39), rubidium (Rb85), selenium (Se82), sodium (Na23), strontium (Sr88), sulfur (S34), and zinc (Zn66), following a protocol established by Ziegler et al. (2013). For each sample, 75mg of powder was digested overnight in 2.5 mL HNO3 containing 20 parts per billion (ppb) indium as an internal standard, following the protocol described in Ziegler et al. (2013). Following a dilution, concentration of the 20 elements was measured using an Elan 6000 DRC-e mass spectrometer (Perkin-Elmer SCIEX) connected to a PFA microflow nebulizer (Elemental Scientific) and Apex HF desolvator (Elemental Scientific). One measurement per sample per genotype was done. For subsequent analyses, the quantifications were converted to total element concentration.

CBI ionomics, GWAS, plasma-mass spectrometry, neut↗
DOE OSTI2023

Cadmium alters whole animal ionome and promotes the re-distribution of iron in intestinal cells of Caenorhabditis elegans

The chronic exposure of humans to the toxic metal cadmium (Cd), either occupational or from food and air, causes various diseases, including neurodegenerative conditions, dysfunction of vital organs, and cancer. While the toxicology of Cd and its effect on the homeostasis of biologically relevant elements is increasingly recognized, the spatial distribution of Cd and other elements in Cd toxicity-caused diseases is still poorly understood. Here, we use Caenorhabditis elegans as a non-mammalian multicellular model system to determine the distribution of Cd at the tissue and cellular resolution and its effect on the internal levels and the distribution of biologically relevant elements. Using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrophotometry (ICP-MS), we show that exposure of worms to Cd not only led to its internal accumulation but also significantly altered the C. elegans ionome. Specifically, Cd treatment was associated with increased levels of toxic elements such as arsenic (As) and rubidium (Rb) and a decreased accumulation of essential elements such as zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), calcium (Ca), cobalt (Co) and, depending on the Cd-concentration used in the assay, iron (Fe). We regarded these changes as an ionomic signature of Cd toxicity in C. elegans. We also show that supplementing nematode growth medium with Zn but not Cu, rescues Cd toxicity and that mutant worms lacking Zn transporters CDF-1 or SUR-7, or both are more sensitive to Cd toxicity. Finally, using synchrotron X-Ray fluorescence Microscopy (XRF), we showed that Cd significantly alters the spatial distribution of mineral elements. The effect of Cd on the distribution of Fe was particularly striking: while Fe was evenly distributed in intestinal cells of worms grown without Cd, in the presence of Cd, Fe, and Cd co-localized in punctum-like structures in the intestinal cells. Together, this study advances our understanding of the effect of Cd on the accumulation and distribution of biologically relevant elements. Considering that C. elegans possesses the principal tissues and cell types as humans, our data may have important implications for future therapeutic developments aiming to alleviate Cd-related pathologies in humans.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1965

Magnetometer measures orthogonal components of magnetic fields

Driven magnetometer accurately measures the components of a low strength magnetic field in each of three mutually perpendicular directions. To accomplish this, it employs the principle of magnetic resonance in optically pumped rubidium vapor.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1966

Electrodeless discharge lamp is easily started, has high stability

Electrodeless discharge borosilicate glass lamp is used in various high-resolution optical systems. It is partially charged with krypton, contains small amounts of rubidium, and is enclosed in a hermetically sealed envelope that maintains the lamp at an optimum temperature during discharge. The lamp is quickly started by its excitation coil.

Bell, W. E.↗
NASA NTRS1963

Pulsed-laser ranging

Pulsed rubidium laser range measurements with delayed sweep oscilloscope, and with digital readout system

RUBY LASER↗