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At least 199 records · Page 11

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NASA NTRS1975

Velocity autocorrelation functions in model liquid metals

Starting from interatomic potentials and static radial distribution functions, a self-consistent iteration scheme has been used to calculate velocity autocorrelation functions in liquid metals. The interatomic forces are treated directly. The calculation bypasses the details of the many-body dynamics and it is not necessary to introduce any additional parameters. Several simplifications may be used without introducing appreciable deviations. The results are in good agreement with computer experiments on liquid sodium at 383 K, suggesting that the velocity autocorrelation function may be a simpler quantity than previously supposed.

Tsang, T.↗

NASA NTRS1975

Lateral distortions of electromagnetic cascades in emulsion chambers

Electromagnetic cascades in a lead-emulsion chamber have been studied to determine the effect of air gaps on the upstream sides of the emulsions. Such air gaps cause a change in the form of the radial distribution of electron tracks, making cascades appear older and giving incorrect energy estimates. The number of tracks remaining within a radius r was found to vary as exp(-g/G), where g is the gap thickness. The characteristic gap thickness in mm is G = 3.04 + 1.30 ln (Err per GeV per sq mm) where E is the energy of the initiating gamma ray. Use of this relation provides a significant correction to cascade-energy estimates and allows one to calculate the effect of different gap thicknesses on the energy threshold for visual detection of cascades.

Porter, L. G.↗

NASA NTRS1975

Propellers of Minimum Induced Loss, and Water Tunnel Tests of Such a Propeller

The fundamental vortex theory for a single rotation propeller with a finite number of blades is reviewed. The theory leads to the specification of a radial distribution of bound circulation on each blade for minimum induced loss, analogous to the elliptic spanwise distribution of bound circulation on a wing for minimum induced drag. A propeller designed in accord with this theory has been tested in a water tunnel where it exhibited high efficiency in spite of localized cavitating flow. A knowledge of the flow field for an optimum propeller is of value to the airframe designer seeking to maximize the performance of the airplane-propeller combination.

Larrabee, E. E.↗

NASA NTRS1976

Aerodynamic performance of a 1.20-pressure ratio fan stage designed for low noise

The aerodynamic design and the overall blade element performance of a 51 centimeter diameter fan stage is presented. The stage was designed to minimize the noise generated by rotor stator interactions. The design pressure ratio was 1.20 at a flow of 30.6 kilograms per second and a rotor blade tip speed of 228.6 meters per second. At design speed the rotor peak efficiency was 0.935. The peak efficiency of the stage, however, was 0.824. The radial distribution of rotor performance parameters at peak efficiency and design speed indicated excellent agreement with design values.

Lewis, G. W., Jr.↗

NASA NTRS1977

The structure of eight globular clusters

Star counts on short-exposure plates are presented for eight globular clusters. The data are given to several limiting magnitudes for each cluster. Projected radial distributions are determined from the star counts; no significant segregation is observed among the distributions to various limiting magnitudes. The structural parameters of the clusters (core radii and concentration factors) are determined from best-fitting King curves to the observed distributions. The central densities, total masses, central escape velocities, and relaxation times are also calculated. NGC 6093 (M80) and NGC 7099 (M30) have dense compact stellar cores, similar to the established globular X-ray sources. Upper limits are given for the masses of possible central black holes in the eight clusters.

Bahcall, N. A.↗

NASA NTRS1978

Velocity, temperature, and electrical conductivity profiles in hydrogen-oxygen MHD duct flows

Two-dimensional duct flow computations for radial distributions of velocity, temperature, and electrical conductivity are reported. Calculations were carried out for the flow conditions representative of a hydrogen-oxygen combustion driven MHD duct. Results are presented for: profiles of developing flow in a smooth duct, and for profiles of fully developed pipe flow with a specified streamwise shear stress distribution. The predicted temperature and electrical conductivity profiles for the developing flows compare well with available experimental data.

Greywall, M. S.↗

NASA NTRS1978

Analysis of turbulent free jet hydrogen-air diffusion flames with finite chemical reaction rates

The nonequilibrium flow field resulting from the turbulent mixing and combustion of a supersonic axisymmetric hydrogen jet in a supersonic parallel coflowing air stream is analyzed. Effective turbulent transport properties are determined using the (K-epsilon) model. The finite-rate chemistry model considers eight reactions between six chemical species, H, O, H2O, OH, O2, and H2. The governing set of nonlinear partial differential equations is solved by an implicit finite-difference procedure. Radial distributions are obtained at two downstream locations of variables such as turbulent kinetic energy, turbulent dissipation rate, turbulent scale length, and viscosity. The results show that these variables attain peak values at the axis of symmetry. Computed distributions of velocity, temperature, and mass fraction are also given. A direct analytical approach to account for the effect of species concentration fluctuations on the mean production rate of species (the phenomenon of unmixedness) is also presented. However, the use of the method does not seem justified in view of the excessive computer time required to solve the resulting system of equations.

Sislian, J. P.↗

NASA NTRS1978

Bounds on thickness and loading noise of rotating blades and the favorable effect of blade sweep on noise reduction

The maxima of amplitudes of thickness and loading noise harmonics are established when the radial distribution of blade chord, thickness ratio, and lift coefficient is specified. It is first shown that only airfoils with thickness distribution and chordwise loading distributions which are symmetric with respect to midchord need be considered for finding the absolute maxima of thickness and loading noise. The resulting chordwise thickness and load distributions for these maximum noise conditions require infinite slope at some points along the chord but otherwise are uniform. It is shown that sweeping the blades reduces the thickness and loading noise, but there is no optimum sweep which generates the lowest noise.

Farassat, F.↗

NASA NTRS1978

A mean spherical model for soft potentials: The hard core revealed as a perturbation

The mean spherical approximation for fluids is extended to treat the case of dense systems interacting via soft-potentials. The extension takes the form of a generalized statement concerning the behavior of the direct correlation function c(r) and radial distribution g(r). From a detailed analysis that views the hard core portion of a potential as a perturbation on the whole, a specific model is proposed which possesses analytic solutions for both Coulomb and Yukawa potentials, in addition to certain other remarkable properties. A variational principle for the model leads to a relatively simple method for obtaining numerical solutions.

Rosenfeld, Y.↗

NASA NTRS1977

Voyager imaging experiment

The Voyager imaging experiment, which involves two independently operated television systems (a narrow- and a wide-angle camera), is designed to conduct investigations of the atmospheres and surface properties of Jupiter, Saturn, their satellites and Saturn's rings. Objects of the investigations include the horizontal and vertical structure of visible clouds, the vertical structure of high, optically thin scattering layers on Jupiter and Saturn, the Great Red Spot, the South Equatorial Belt, chromophores on Io and Titan, the geology of several satellites, the masses, spin axes and periods of rotation of several satellites, the radial distribution of material in Saturn's rings, and the optical scattering properties of the primaries, rings, and satellites at a variety of wavelengths and phase angles.

Smith, B. A.↗

NASA NTRS1977

Possible controls on the bulk composition of the earth - Implications for the origin of the earth and moon

It is pointed out that speculation regarding the bulk chemical composition of the earth, especially its radial distribution, is important for testing ideas on the origin of the earth-moon system. Definitive solutions are, however, unattainable. The reported investigation is concerned with an attempt to select the more plausible possibilities. The evidence on the chemical distribution in the earth is examined and the resulting models of bulk composition are used to check the plausibility of the Ganapathy-Anders model. It is suggested that the chemistry of the earth and moon can be modeled more plausibly in the context of slow, cool accretion of the earth and either simultaneous accretion or disintegrative capture of the moon than by fission or volatilization models based on a hot earth. Many possible aspects need detailed quantitative study including the relation between U content, other heat sources, and heat flow on earth.

Smith, J. V.↗

NASA NTRS1978

A continuously pulsed copper halide laser with a cable-capacitor Blumlein discharge circuit

Experimental characteristics of a continuously pulsed copper halide laser with a cable-capacitor Blumlein discharge circuit are reported. Quartz laser tubes 1 m in length and 1.5 and 2.5 cm in diameter were employed to study the effects of the electrical circuit, lasant, and buffer gas on laser performance. Measured properties of the Blumlein circuit are compared with an analytic solution for an idealized circuit. Both CuCl and CuBr with neon and helium buffer gas were studied. A maximum average power of 12.5 W was obtained with a 1.5 nF capacitor charged to 8 kV and discharged at 31 kHz with CuCl and neon buffer gas at 0.7 kPa in a 2.5-cm-diam tube. A maximum efficiency of 0.72 percent was obtained at 9 W average power. Measurements of the radial distribution of the power in the laser beam and the variation of laser power at 510.6 and 578.2 nm with halide vapor density are also reported. Double and continuously pulsed laser characteristics are compared, and the role of copper metastable level atoms in limiting the laser pulse energy density is discussed.

Nerheim, N. M.↗

NASA NTRS1979

Performance of two-stage fan with larger dampers on first-stage rotor

The performance of a two stage, high pressure-ratio fan, having large, part-span vibration dampers on the first stage rotor is presented and compared with an identical aerodynamically designed fan having smaller dampers. Comparisons of the data for the two damper configurations show that with increased damper size: (1) very high losses in the damper region reduced overall efficiency of first stage rotor by approximately 3 points, (2) the overall performance of each blade row, downstream of the damper was not significantly altered, although appreciable differences in the radial distributions of various performance parameters were noted, and (3) the lower performance of the first stage rotor decreased the overall fan efficiency more than 1 percentage point.

Urasek, D. C.↗

NASA NTRS1979

Rotor redesign for a highly loaded 1800 ft/sec tip speed fan. 1: Aerodynamic and mechanical design report

A quasi three dimensional design system and multiple-circular-arc airfoil sections were used to design a fan rotor. An axisymmetric intrablade flow field calculation modeled the shroud of an isolated splitter and radial distribution. The structural analysis indicates that the design is satisfactory for evaluation of aerodynamic performance of the fan stage in a test facility.

Norton, J. M.↗

NASA NTRS1978

Solid-liquid phase transition in argon

Starting from the Lennard-Jones interatomic potential, a modified cell theory has been used to describe the solid-liquid phase transition in argon. The cell-size variations may be evaluated by a self-consistent condition. With the inclusion of cell-size variations, the transition temperature, the solid and liquid densities, and the liquid-phase radial-distribution functions have been calculated. These ab initio results are in satisfactory agreement with molecular-dynamics calculations as well as experimental data on argon.

Tsang, T.↗

NASA NTRS1978

Velocity, temperature, and electrical conductivity profiles in hydrogen-oxygen MHD duct flows

This paper presents results of two-dimensional duct flow computations for radial distributions of velocity, temperature, and electrical conductivity. Calculations were carried out for the flow conditions representative of NASA Lewis hydrogen-oxygen combustion driven MHD duct. Results are presented for two sets of computations: (1) profiles of developing flow in a smooth duct, and (2) profiles of fully developed pipe flow with a specified streamwise shear stress distribution. The predicted temperature and electrical conductivity profiles for the developing flows compared well with available experimental data.

Greywall, M. S.↗

NASA NTRS1979

Analysis of turbulent free-jet hydrogen-air diffusion flames with finite chemical reaction rates

A numerical analysis is presented of the nonequilibrium flow field resulting from the turbulent mixing and combustion of an axisymmetric hydrogen jet in a supersonic parallel ambient air stream. The effective turbulent transport properties are determined by means of a two-equation model of turbulence. The finite-rate chemistry model considers eight elementary reactions among six chemical species: H, O, H2O, OH, O2 and H2. The governing set of nonlinear partial differential equations was solved by using an implicit finite-difference procedure. Radial distributions were obtained at two downstream locations for some important variables affecting the flow development, such as the turbulent kinetic energy and its dissipation rate. The results show that these variables attain their peak values on the axis of symmetry. The computed distribution of velocity, temperature, and mass fractions of the chemical species gives a complete description of the flow field. The numerical predictions were compared with two sets of experimental data. Good qualitative agreement was obtained.

Sislian, J. P.↗

NASA NTRS1979

Soft X-ray structure of the Coma cluster of galaxies

Results are reported for an observation of the Coma cluster with an imaging X-ray telescope system aboard a sounding rocket. A two-dimensional X-ray map of the cluster in the energy range from 0.15 to 2.0 keV is presented. The radial distribution, granularity, and ellipticity of the X-ray surface brightness are investigated, and the spectrum and flux within the field of view are analyzed. These properties are then examined quantitatively by comparing the observations with models through the use of a chi-squared test. It is found that: (1) no single galaxy contributes more than a few percent of the total X-ray flux of the Coma cluster; (2) the X-ray source is diffuse but granular on a scale of several arcmin, particularly in the central region; (3) the centroid of the X-ray source is at a local intensity minimum; and (4) the data are most consistent with an isothermal hydrostatic model.

Gorentstein, P.↗