Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “Integral Experiment”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 199 records · Page 11
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2016

Validating the BISON fuel performance code to integral LWR experiments

BISON is a modern finite element-based nuclear fuel performance code that has been under development at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) since 2009. The code is applicable to both steady and transient fuel behavior and has been used to analyze a variety of fuel forms in 1D spherical, 2D axisymmetric, or 3D geometries. Code validation is underway and is the subject of this study. A brief overview of BISON’s computational framework, governing equations, and general material and behavioral models is provided. BISON code and solution verification procedures are described, followed by a summary of the experimental data used to date for validation of Light Water Reactor (LWR) fuel. Validation comparisons focus on fuel centerline temperature, fission gas release, and rod diameter both before and following fuel-clad mechanical contact. Comparisons for 35 LWR rods are consolidated to provide an overall view of how the code is predicting physical behavior, with a few select validation cases discussed in greater detail. Our results demonstrate that 1) fuel centerline temperature comparisons through all phases of fuel life are very reasonable with deviations between predictions and experimental data within ±10% for early life through high burnup fuel and only slightly out of these bounds for power ramp experiments, 2) accuracy in predicting fission gas release appears to be consistent with state-of-the-art modeling and with the involved uncertainties and 3) comparison of rod diameter results indicates a tendency to overpredict clad diameter reduction early in life, when clad creepdown dominates, and more significantly overpredict the diameter increase late in life, when fuel expansion controls the mechanical response. In the initial rod diameter comparisons they were unsatisfactory and have lead to consideration of additional separate effects experiments to better understand and predict clad and fuel mechanical behavior. Results from this study are being used to define priorities for ongoing code development and validation activities.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Invited Article: Radon and thoron intercomparison experiments for integrated monitors at NIRS, Japan

Inhalation of radon ({sup 222}Rn) and its short-lived decay products and of products of the thoron ({sup 220}Rn) series accounts for more than half of the effective dose from natural radiation sources. At this time, many countries have begun large-scale radon and thoron surveys and many different measurement methods and instruments are used in these studies. Consequently, it is necessary to improve and standardize technical methods of measurements and to verify quality assurance by intercomparisons between laboratories. Four international intercomparisons for passive integrating radon and thoron monitors were conducted at the NIRS (National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Japan). Radon exercises were carried out in the 24.4 m{sup 3} inner volume walk-in radon chamber that has systems to control radon concentration, temperature, and humidity. Moreover, the NIRS thoron chamber with a 150 dm{sup 3} inner volume was utilized to provide three thoron intercomparisons. At present, the NIRS is the only laboratory world-wide that has carried out periodic thoron intercomparison of passive monitors. Fifty laboratories from 26 countries participated in the radon intercomparison, using six types of detectors (charcoal, CR-39, LR 115, polycarbonate film, electret plate, and silicon photodiode). Eighteen laboratories from 12 countries participated in the thoron intercomparisons, using two etch-track types (CR-39 and polycarbonate) detectors. The tests were made under one to three different exposures to radon and thoron. The data presented in this paper indicated that the performance quality of laboratories for radon measurement has been gradually increasing. Results of thoron exercises showed that the quality for thoron measurements still needs further development and additional studies are needed to improve its measuring methods. The present paper provides a summary of all radon and thoron international intercomparisons done at NIRS from 2007 to date and it describes the present status on radon and thoron passive, one-time cycle monitors.

61 RADIATION PROTECTION AND DOSIMETRY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Bayesian Monte Carlo Evaluation Framework for Cross Sections Nuclear Data and Integral Benchmark Experiments

The new Bayesian Monte Carlo (MC) evaluation framework described in this abstract has been conceived as an attempt to improve nuclear data evaluations of differential crosssection data by removing the following two approximations conventionally employed for nuclear data evaluations: all probability density functions (PDFs) of all data and model parameters, both prior and posterior, are assumed to be normal (i.e., Gaussian) PDFs, and all uncertainties and covariances are propagated using a linear approximation. With these approximations removed, the Bayesian MC (BMC) framework could be used to account for nonlinear effects and would enable improved evaluations of differential cross sections and IBE data that are presently performed based on the assumptions itemized above. The BMC would also improve upon the uniform sampling of IBE parameters from within ranges defined by their evaluated uncertainties.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Transportation Planning for Irradiated Fuel-Cladding and Integral FeCrAl Experiments

Building the material database for accident tolerant fuel concepts requires movement of experiments to ORNL from other national laboratories, commercial reactors, and international collaborators. This report summarizes the current fleet of available and proposed casks for handling small scale fuel shipments and the immediate challenges to be addressed in order to perform shipments in support of accident tolerant fuels development under the Advanced Fuels Campaign. Shipping recommendations and a description of unresolved issues associated with the shipment are provided for three experiments: ATF-1 LOCA (ATF-18), the Halden irradiated Instrumented Fuel Assembly (IFA) 796 experiment, and the Hatch lead test rods. Each of these experiments represents an important step in continuing the accelerated testing of FeCrAl cladding for commercial applications.

10 SYNTHETIC FUELS↗
NASA NTRS1973

Apollo 15 and 16 results of the integrated geochemical experiment.

A number of experiments carried in orbit on the Apollo 15 and 16 spacecraft were used in the compositional mapping of the lunar surface. The observations involved measurements of secondary (fluorescent) X-rays, gamma rays and alpha particle emissions. A large scale compositional map of over 20% of the lunar surface was obtained for the first time. It was possible to demonstrate significant chemical differences between the mare and the highlands, to find specific areas of high radioactivity and to learn something about the composition of the moon's hidden side.

Adler, I.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Experience in integrated geological and geographical interpretation of space photographs obtained in the USSR

Two examples of regional interpretation of imagery acquired from satellite photographic and television systems are discussed. The imagery was taken aboard the Zond 7 and Kosmos satellites, and depicted; (1) sand and dust storm activity in the eastern Mediterranean Sea area; and (2) landscape and structural properties of territory of southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico.

Vinogradov, B. V.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Integrated Cryogenic Experiment (ICE) microsphere investigation

The main objective is to determine the performance of microsphere insulation in a 0-g environment and compare its performance to reference insulations such as multilayer insulation. The Lockheed Helium Extended-Life Dewar (HELD) is used to provide superfluid-helium cold sink for the experiment. The use of HELD allows the low-g dynamic properties of Passive Orbital Disconnect Struts (PODS) to be characterized and provides a flight demonstration of the PODS system. The thermal performance of microspheres in 1 and 0 g was predicted, a flight experiment was designed to determine microsphere thermal performance, and the interface was also designed between the experimental package and the shuttle through HELD and the Hitchhiker-M carrier. A single test cell was designed and fabricated. The cell was filled with uncoated glass microspheres and tested with a liquid-nitrogen cold sink. The data were found to agree with predictions of microsphere performance in 1 g.

Spradley, I.↗
NASA NTRS1970

Integration of experiments for the detection of biological activity in extraterrestrial exploration

Although many experiments have been suggested and described for the detection of biological activity in planetary exploration, each experiment has required its own sample for the detection of a specific phenomenon. An experimental design which could detect growth, catabolic and anabolic activity on a single sample is described. Growth is monitored in a liquid medium which is in contact with, and chemically influenced by, a relatively large sample. Catabolic activity is indicated by changes in the gas composition of the atmosphere above the sample. Anabolic activity is indicated by the appearance of reduced carbon compounds, from oxidized precursors, in the liquid medium.

Space Flight/instrumentation↗