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At least 199 records · Page 11

Bound states of two spin-(1/2) fermions in a synthetic non-Abelian gauge field

We study the bound states of two spin-(1/2) fermions interacting via a contact attraction (characterized by a scattering length) in the singlet channel in three-dimensional space in presence of a uniform non-Abelian gauge field. The configuration of the gauge field that generates a Rashba-type spin-orbit interaction is described by three coupling parameters ({lambda}{sub x},{lambda}{sub y},{lambda}{sub z}). For a generic gauge field configuration, the critical scattering length required for the formation of a bound state is negative, i.e., shifts to the ''BCS side'' of the resonance. Interestingly, we find that there are special high-symmetry configurations (e.g., {lambda}{sub x}={lambda}{sub y}={lambda}{sub z}) for which there is a two-body bound state for anyscattering length however small and negative. Remarkably, the bound-state wave functions obtained for such configurations have nematic spin structure similar to those found in liquid {sup 3}He. Our results show that the BCS-BEC (Bose-Einstein condensation) crossover is drastically affected by the presence of a non-Abelian gauge field. We discuss possible experimental signatures of our findings both at high and low temperatures.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

Renormalization group approach to spinor Bose-Fermi mixtures in a shallow optical lattice

We study a mixture of ultracold spin-half fermionic and spin-one bosonic atoms in a shallow optical lattice where the bosons are coupled to the fermions via both density-density and spin-spin interactions. We consider the parameter regime where the bosons are in a superfluid ground state, integrate them out, and obtain an effective action for the fermions. We carry out a renormalization group analysis of this effective fermionic action at low temperatures, show that the presence of the spinor bosons may lead to a separation of Fermi surfaces of the spin-up and spin-down fermions, and investigate the parameter range where this phenomenon occurs. We also calculate the susceptibilities corresponding to the possible superfluid instabilities of the fermions and obtain their possible broken-symmetry ground states at low temperatures and weak interactions.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

Observations of an Intermediate Layer During the Coqui II Campaign

NASA sounding rocket 21.114, launched March 7, 1998, during the Coqui II campaign, provided neutral wind and plasma density measurements of a weak intermediate layer. The layer was centered near 140 km and had an approximate peak plasma density of 2200 cc. The measured winds were typically less than 40 m/s, in agreement with wind shear formation theory and coincident density observations. The data obtained during the flight allow us to explore the plasma density structure and wind field morphology of the intermediate layer. Coupled with simultaneous data from Arecibo Observatory, the upleg and downleg density profiles provide three spatially separated measurements that enable the first detailed investigation of the horizontal extent and variation of an intermediate layer.

Bishop, R. L.↗

Rashba coupling in three-electron-quantum dot under cylindrical symmetry: An exact solution

The application of quantum dots in advanced technology goes beyond doubt. Here, based on an analytical methodology, investigate a three-electron-quantum dot in the presence of Rashba spin-orbit interaction under cylindrical symmetry. Both eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the system are reported and the problem is numerically discussed. - Graphical abstract: Display Omitted Highlights: > We theoretically investigate a three-electron-quantum dot in the presence of Rashba spin-orbit interaction by an exact analytical methodology. > By using the Jacobi transformations as well as the hyperspherical coordinates we calculate the wavefunction and the energy spectra. > Our obtained energy relation reveals that the Rashba interaction appears solely in the center of mass section.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

Global analysis of data on the spin-orbit-coupled A {sup 1{Sigma}}{sub u}{sup +} and b {sup 3{Pi}}{sub u} states of Cs{sub 2}

We present experimentally derived potential curves and spin-orbit interaction functions for the strongly perturbed A {sup 1{Sigma}}{sub u}{sup +} and b {sup 3{Pi}}{sub u} states of the cesium dimer. The results are based on data from several sources. Laser-induced fluorescence Fourier transform spectroscopy (LIF FTS) was used some time ago in the Laboratoire Aime Cotton primarily to study the X {sup 1{Sigma}}{sub g}{sup +} state. More recent work at Tsinghua University provides information from moderate resolution spectroscopy on the lowest levels of the b {sup 3{Pi}}{sub 0u}{sup {+-}} state as well as additional high-resolution data. From Innsbruck University, we have precision data obtained with cold Cs{sub 2} molecules. Recent data from Temple University was obtained using the optical-optical double resonance polarization spectroscopy technique, and finally, a group at the University of Latvia has added additional LIF FTS data. In the Hamiltonian matrix, we have used analytic potentials (the expanded Morse oscillator form) with both finite-difference (FD) coupled-channel and discrete variable representation (DVR) calculations of the term values. Fitted diagonal and off-diagonal spin-orbit functions are obtained and compared with ab initio results from Temple and Moscow State universities.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

Weak localization/antilocalization in a nearly symmetric In{sub 0.53}Ga{sub 0.47}As/In{sub 0.52}Al{sub 0.48}As quantum well

We report weak antilocalization (WAL) measurements in a nearly symmetric In{sub 0.53}Ga{sub 0.47}As/In{sub 0.52}Al{sub 0.48}As quantum well. In this system, an enhancement of the spin-orbit scattering time, equivalently the weakening of the WAL effect, is expected at carrier densities N{sub s} where equal magnitudes between the Rashba and Dresselhaus parameters ({alpha} = {+-}{beta}) are realized. Our magnetotransport measurements indeed exhibited a weakening of the WAL effect as a function of N{sub s}, though the weakening took place at only one carrier density. Our interpretation is that the value of {beta} is so small that the two carrier densities corresponding to {alpha} = {beta} and {alpha} = -{beta} are very close to each other. It turned out that the deduced values for the bulk Dresselhaus parameter {gamma} in In{sub 0.53}Ga{sub 0.47}As/In{sub 0.52}Al{sub 0.48}As quantum wells is considerably smaller than the k{center_dot}p value of 27 eVA{sup 3}.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Topological phases for fermionic cold atoms on the Lieb lattice

We investigate the properties of the Lieb lattice, that is, a face-centered square lattice, subjected to external gauge fields. We show that an Abelian gauge field leads to a peculiar quantum Hall effect, which is a consequence of the single Dirac cone and the flat band characterizing the energy spectrum. Then we explore the effects of an intrinsic spin-orbit term--a non-Abelian gauge field--and demonstrate the occurrence of the quantum spin Hall effect in this model. Besides, we obtain the relativistic Hamiltonian describing the Lieb lattice at low energy and derive the Landau levels in the presence of external Abelian and non-Abelian gauge fields. Finally, we describe concrete schemes for realizing these gauge fields with cold fermionic atoms trapped in an optical Lieb lattice. In particular, we provide a very efficient method to reproduce the intrinsic (Kane-Mele) spin-orbit term with assisted-tunneling schemes. Consequently, our model could be implemented in order to produce a variety of topological states with cold atoms.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

Low-lying spectra of {sup 9}{Lambda}Be and {sup 9}Be within three-cluster model

An {alpha}-cluster model is applied to study the low-lying spectra of the {sup 9}{Lambda}Be and {sup 9}Be nuclei. The {alpha}{alpha}{Lambda} and {alpha}{alpha}n three-body problems are numerically solved by the Faddeev equations in configuration space using phenomenological pair potentials with spin-orbital {alpha}{Lambda} and {alpha}n interactions taken into account. For the {sup 9}{Lambda}Be hypernucleus we found a set of the potentials that reproduces the experimental data for the ground state (1/2 {sup +}) binding energy and excitation energy of the 5/2{sup +} and 3/2 {sup +} states, simultaneously. The LS coupling scheme is used for partial wave analysis. The total orbital momentum is fixed for each energy level. Under this assumption we calculated the {sup 9}Be spectrum within {alpha}{alpha}n model. The experiential data are well reproduced by the model, when a new classification for low-lying levels of {sup 9}Be as members of spin-flip doublets is applied.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Constraints on anomalous spin-spin interactions from spin-exchange collisions

A comparison between existing measurements and calculated cross sections for spin exchange between alkali-metal atoms and noble gases (specifically sodium and helium) is used to constrain anomalous spin-dependent forces between nuclei at the atomic scale ({approx}10{sup -8} cm). Combined with existing stringent limits on anomalous short-range, spin-dependent couplings of the proton, the dimensionless coupling constant for an axial vector interaction of the neutron arising from exchange of a boson of mass < or approx. 100 eV is constrained to be g{sub A}{sup n}/{radical}(4{pi}({h_bar}/2{pi})c)<2x10{sup -3}. Constraints are established for a velocity- and spin-dependent interaction {proportional_to}(I{center_dot}v)(K{center_dot}v), where I and K are the nuclear spins of He and Na, respectively, and v is the relative velocity of the atoms. Constraints on torsion gravity are also considered.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

Sympathetic cooling of the Ba{sup +} ion by collisions with ultracold Rb atoms: Theoretical prospects

State-of-the-art ab initio techniques have been applied to compute the potential energy curves of the (BaRb){sup +} molecular ion in the Born-Oppenheimer approximation for the singlet and triplet states dissociating into the ground-state {sup 1}S Rb{sup +} ion and the Ba atom in the ground {sup 1}S state or the lowest singlet or triplet d excited states, and for the singlet and triplet states dissociating into the ground-state {sup 2}S Rb atom and the ground-state {sup 2}S Ba{sup +} ion. The ground-state potential energy was obtained with the coupled-cluster method restricted to single, double, and nonperturbative triple excitations. The first triplet states in the {Sigma}, {Pi}, and {Delta} symmetries were computed with the restricted open-shell coupled-cluster method restricted to single, double, and nonperturbative triple excitations. All other excited-state potential energy curves were computed using the equation of motion approach within the coupled-cluster singles, doubles, and linear triples framework. The long-range coefficients describing the electrostatic, induction, and dispersion interactions at large interatomic distances are also reported. The electric transition dipole moments governing the x {sup 1{Sigma}{yields}1{Sigma}},{sup 1{Pi}} transitions have been obtained as the first residue of the polarization propagator computed with the linear response coupled-cluster method restricted to single and double excitations. Nonadiabatic radial and angular coupling matrix elements as well as the spin-orbit coupling matrix elements have been evaluated using the multireference configuration-interaction method restricted to single and double excitations with a large active space. With these couplings, the spin-orbit-coupled (relativistic) potential energy curves for the 0{sup +} and 1 states relevant for the running experiments have been obtained. Finally, relativistic transition moments and nonadiabatic coupling matrix elements were obtained from the nonrelativistic results and spin-orbit eigenvectors. The electronic structure input has been employed in the single-channel scattering calculations of the collisional cross sections between the Ba{sup +} ion and Rb atom. Both nonrelativistic and relativistic potentials were used in these calculations. Our results show that the inelastic cross section corresponding to the charge transfer from the Rb atom to the Ba{sup +} ion is much smaller than the elastic one over a wide range of energies up to 1 mK. This suggests that sympathetic cooling of the Ba{sup +} ion by collisions with ultracold Rb atoms should be possible.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗

Analyzing power in elastic scattering of {sup 6}He from a polarized proton target at 71 MeV/nucleon

The vector analyzing power has been measured for the elastic scattering of neutron-rich {sup 6}He from polarized protons at 71 MeV/nucleon making use of a newly constructed solid polarized proton target operated in a low magnetic field and at high temperature. Two approaches based on local one-body potentials were applied to investigate the spin-orbit interaction between a proton and a {sup 6}He nucleus. An optical model analysis revealed that the spin-orbit potential for {sup 6}He is characterized by a shallow and long-ranged shape compared with the global systematics of stable nuclei. A semimicroscopic analysis with an {alpha}+n+n cluster folding model suggests that the interaction between a proton and the {alpha} core is essentially important in describing the p+{sup 6}He elastic scattering. The data are also compared with fully microscopic analyses using nonlocal optical potentials based on nucleon-nucleon g matrices.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

The cyclotron resonance in Heterostructures with the InSb/AlInSb quantum wells

The absorption of two-dimensional electrons in InSb-based quantum wells in the quantized magnetic fields in the terahertz spectral region are studied. A p-Ge-based cyclotron laser was used as the radiation source. The effective mass of carriers at the Fermi level equal to 0.0219m{sub 0} (m{sub 0} is the mass of a free electron) is determined from the cyclotron resonance spectra. It is shown that the electron spectrum is described by the Kane model in a wide range of magnetic fields. An anomalously pronounced splitting of the cyclotron resonance line not associated with the nonparabolicity of the conduction band of InAs is observed in low magnetic fields, which can be attributed to the effect of the spin-orbit interaction.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Growth and Magneto-transport Characterization of Double-doped InGaAs/InAlAs Heterostructures with High Indium Compositions

We investigated double-doped InGaAs/InAlAs heterostructures with high indium compositions. The heterostructures were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs(001) with metamorphic step-graded buffer layers. The magneto-transport characterization was performed by using Hall-bar devices. We observed non-monotonic magneto-resistance oscillations, which indicate a single two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) with multiple-subband occupation or a 2DEG bilayer. We also observed weak-antilocalization in all samples, which is an evidence of spin-orbit coupling.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Circular photogalvanic effect induced by near-infrared radiation in InAs quantum wires patterned quasi-two-dimensional electron system

In this letter we investigated the InAs/InAlAs quantum wires (QWRs) superlattice by optically exciting the structure with near-infrared radiation. By varying the helicity of the radiation at room temperature we observed the circular photogalvanic effect related to the C{sub 2v} symmetry of the structure, which could be attributed to the formation of a quasi-two-dimensional system underlying in the vicinity of the QWRs pattern. The ratio of Rashba and Dresselhaus terms shows an evolution of the spin-orbit interaction in quasi-two-dimensional structure with the QWR layer deposition thickness.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Strong circular photogalvanic effect in ZnO epitaxial films

A strong circular photogalvanic effect (CPGE) in ZnO epitaxial films was reported under interband excitation. It was observed that CPGE current is as large as 100 nA/W in ZnO, which is about one order in magnitude higher than that in InN film while the CPGE currents in GaN films are not detectable. The possible reasons for the above observations are the strong spin orbit coupling in ZnO or the inversed valence band structure of ZnO.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Fine Structure of Optical Energy Levels Scheme for Ni{sup 2+} Doped in Inverted Perovskite BaLiF{sub 3}

The aim of this paper is to calculate the fine structure of the optical energy levels scheme of BaLiF{sub 3}:Ni{sup 2+} taken into account besides the spin-orbit interaction, also the spin-spin, orbit-orbit and spin-other-orbit interactions. The numerical theoretical crystal field parameters were computed using the model exchange charge calculations of crystal field, taking into account the effects of the covalent bond formation between the Ni{sup 2+} and F{sup -} ions. The Hamiltonian of the BaLiF{sub 3}:Ni{sup 2+} system has been diagonalized in a complete basis set spanned by all wave functions of the 3d{sup 8} electron configuration. The comparison of the calculated energy levels with experimental data gives a satisfactory agreement, which confirms the model and used method.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Assessment of Sea Surface Salinity Products Using a Coupled ENSO Prediction Model

We assess the impact of satellite sea surface salinity (SSS) observations on seasonal to interannual variability of tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean dynamics as well as on dynamical ENSO forecasts. Twelve-month forecasts are initialized for each month from September 2011 to September 2017. All experiments assimilate satellite sea level (SL), sea surface temperature (SST), and in situ subsurface temperature and salinity observations (T(sub z), S(sub z)). Additionally various satellite, blended, and in-situ SSS products are assimilated. Using our intermediate-complexity coupled model as a transfer function, we test if more mature SSS model algorithms actually improve ENSO forecast skill. We find that including satellite SSS significantly improves Niño3.4 sea surface temperature anomaly validation, more mature SSS model algorithms are generally improving ENSO forecasts over time, and more satellite SSS helps to extend useful forecasts.

Hackert, E.↗

Coupled catalytic states and the role of metal coordination in Cas9

Controlling the activity of the CRISPR–Cas9 system is essential to its safe adoption for clinical and research applications. Although the conformational dynamics of Cas9 are known to control its enzymatic activity, details of how Cas9 influences the catalytic processes at both nuclease domains remain elusive. Here we report five cryo-electron microscopy structures of the active Acidothermus cellulolyticus Cas9 complex along the reaction path at 2.2–2.9 Å resolution. We observed that a large movement in one nuclease domain, triggered by the cognate DNA, results in noticeable changes in the active site of the other domain that is required for metal coordination and catalysis. Furthermore, the conformations synchronize the reaction intermediates, enabling coupled cutting of the two DNA strands. Consistent with the roles of conformations in organizing the active sites, adjustments to the metal-coordination residues lead to altered metal specificity of A. cellulolyticus Cas9 and commonly used Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 in cells.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗