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At least 199 records · Page 11

Primal interface debonding formulation for finite strain isotropic plasticity

In this work, a framework is developed for modeling ductile damage of nonlinear materials whose plastic deformation is characterized using rate independent classical plasticity. This method relies on the assumption that the free energy can be decomposed into elastic, plastic and damage parts. A thermodynamically consistent method is derived which satisfies the second law of thermodynamics in the Clausius–Duhem inequality form. The dissipation associated with plasticity takes place in the domain only, while damage dissipation is localized to the interface. The method is developed using Variational Multiscale ideas to obtain definitions of the interface fluxes within a primal formulation analogous to the Discontinuous Galerkin method, which ensures weakly vanishing interface gap prior to reaching a damage initiation criterion. The local nonlinear problem to calculate both plastic deformation gradient and damage variable follows an incremental approach similar to classical plasticity return mapping algorithm. This elastoplastic damage formulation is developed for material undergoing finite strain, and it naturally accommodates a trapezoidal traction separation law (TSL) whose shape can be varied to model either ductile interface behavior or brittle interface behavior. The formulation's performance is assessed through modeling a patch test and a compact tension specimen.

42 ENGINEERING↗

A High-Order Method Using Unstructured Grids for the Aeroacoustic Analysis of Realistic Aircraft Configurations

A method for the prediction of acoustic scatter from complex geometries is presented. The discontinuous Galerkin method provides a framework for the development of a high-order method using unstructured grids. The method's compact form contributes to its accuracy and efficiency, and makes the method well suited for distributed memory parallel computing platforms. Mesh refinement studies are presented to validate the expected convergence properties of the method, and to establish the absolute levels of a error one can expect at a given level of resolution. For a two-dimensional shear layer instability wave and for three-dimensional wave propagation, the method is demonstrated to be insensitive to mesh smoothness. Simulations of scatter from a two-dimensional slat configuration and a three-dimensional blended-wing-body demonstrate the capability of the method to efficiently treat realistic geometries.

Atkins, Harold L.↗

Application of a Galerkin finite element method to atmospheric transport problems

Numerical simulation of the movement of a contaminant within the atmosphere presents difficulties due to the multidimensionality of the problem and the fact that the horizontal transport is usually convection dominated, that the boundary conditions are mixed, and that both slow and fast atmospheric chemical reactions can be important. In this study, numerical experiments using a Crank-Nicolson Galerkin finite element method to solve the time-dependent partial differential equations demonstrate the applicability and accuracy of this method for the variety of conditions encountered in atmospheric pollutant modeling. The Crank-Nicolson Galerkin method using piecewise linear, piecewise cubic Hermite polynomials, and upwind finite elements is shown to accurately model the pure convection of initial wave forms. Numerical results studying the interactions of convection, diffusion, chemical reaction, pollutant removal, and the effects of contaminant emission source strength, source location and multiple sources are also presented.

Carmichael, G. R.↗

A perturbation solution for transverse pressure-sensitive combustion instability in an annulus

A method for analysis of combustion instability in rocket motors based on a combination of the Galerkin method and the two-variable (or multiple-scales) perturbation method is developed. The method is illustrated by applying it to the problem of pressure-sensitive combustion instability in a liquid-fuel annular combustion chamber. To the order of approximation inherent in the method it is found that the complete linear stability analysis and most of the nonlinear stability analysis can be carried out in closed form. The results thus obtained are used to clarify several aspects of the interpretation of numerical solutions obtained by previous investigators.

Googerdy, A.↗

Precise 3D reactor core calculation using spherical harmonics and discontinuous Galerkin finite element methods

We study the use of P{sub N} method in angle and discontinuous Galerkin is space to solve 3D neutron transport problem. P{sub N} method consists in developing the angular flux on truncated spherical harmonics basic. In this paper, we couple this method with the discontinuous finite elements in space to obtain a complete discretization of the multigroup neutron transport equation. To investigate its precision, the method was applied to Takeda and C5G7 benchmark problems. These calculations point out that the proposed P{sub N}-DG method is capable of producing accurate solutions in small computational time, and that it is able to handle complex 3D geometries. (authors)

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗

The Galerkin/least-squares method for advective-diffusive equations

Galerkin/least-squares finite-element methods are presented for advective-diffusive equations. Galerkin/least-squares represents a conceptual simplification of streamline-upwind Petrov-Galerkin methods, and is in fact applicable to a wide variety of other problem types. A convergence analysis and error estimates are presented. Some numerical results for compressible Navier-Stokes flows are presented.

Hughes, T. J. R.↗

Optimal least-squares finite element method for elliptic problems

An optimal least squares finite element method is proposed for two dimensional and three dimensional elliptic problems and its advantages are discussed over the mixed Galerkin method and the usual least squares finite element method. In the usual least squares finite element method, the second order equation (-Delta x (Delta u) + u = f) is recast as a first order system (-Delta x p + u = f, Delta u - p = 0). The error analysis and numerical experiment show that, in this usual least squares finite element method, the rate of convergence for flux p is one order lower than optimal. In order to get an optimal least squares method, the irrotationality Delta x p = 0 should be included in the first order system.

Jiang, Bo-Nan↗

Recent developments in high order K-exact reconstruction on unstructured meshes

This paper presents recent improvements in high-order K-exact reconstruction on unstructured meshes. The new reconstruction procedures are incorporated into a basic upwind finite-volume scheme suitable for solving scalar advection-diffusion equations as well as the Euler and Navier-Stokes equations. Numerical calculations are performed comparing the present method with lower order accurate reconstruction procedures (piecewise constant and piecewise linear) and various competing technologies such as the fluctuation splitting method of Roe (1987) and Deconinck et al. (1992) and a system-variant of the streamline diffusion Petrov-Galerkin method developed by Hansbo (1991) and Hansbo and Johnson (1991). Five test problems are used in the numerical comparisons: scalar circular advection, transonic and supersonic Euler flow, laminar boundary-layer flow, and general compressible Navier-Stokes flow.

Barth, Timothy J.↗

Boundary element analysis of sound scattered by a moving surface

A solution for the acoustic field scattered from a uniformly moving rigid body in the presence of a harmonic incident source has been obtained using a boundary integral method. A derivation of the Kirchhoff formula given by Farassat and Myers (1988) for moving surfaces forms the basis for the analysis, and the development of a boundary integral method for the solution of scattering problems from moving rigid bodies is described. Finite elements are used in conjunction with the Galerkin method in order to solve the integral equation that results from the Kirchhoff formula when the observer point is placed on the moving body surface. Once appropriate surface field values are known they are inserted back into the formula in order to predict the field scattered off the body. Tests, including the so called superposition method, are carried out in order to validate the technique and to establish some confidence in its accuracy. Application of the superposition method to moving bodies is presented, and results of the two approaches are discussed. Sample calculations of scattering from a simple body are presented to illustrate the effects of variations in relevant parameters.

Myers, M. K.↗

Shock Capturing via Limiting for High-Order Methods Including Discontinuous Galerkin

As is well-known, popular high-order methods such as discontinuous Galerkin (DG) and flux reconstruction (FR) tend to generate oscillations near shocks and discontinuities, which can lead to negative pressure or density, ultimately causing code breakdown. For standard second-order methods, one approach to mitigating oscillations is to impose constraints on the calculated slopes, ensuring they do not become excessively steep. This limiting process is rooted in the idea of preserving monotonicity introduced by Van Leer (1974): when the data are monotone, limiting the slopes result in a monotone piecewise linear solution. However, a drawback of this approach is the loss of accuracy near extrema, where the non-monotone solution is somewhat flattened and achieves only first-order accuracy.

numerical methods↗

Higher-Order Methods for Compressible Turbulent Flows Using Entropy Variables

Turbulent flows have a large range of spatial and temporal scales which need to be resolved in order to obtain accurate predictions. Higher-order methods can provide greater efficiency for simulations requiring high spatial and temporal resolution, allowing for solutions with fewer degrees of freedom and lower computational cost than traditional second-order computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods.1 Higher-order methods have been widely used for turbulent flows. However, the reduced numerical stabilization present in higher-order schemes implies that special care needs to be taken in the development of numerical methods to suppress nonlinear instabilities.2–6 In this work we present the development of a higher-order space-time discontinuous Galerkin method with a focus on the aspects of our numerical scheme required for ensuring nonlinear stability for turbulent simulations at high Reynolds numbers.

Diosady, Laslo T.↗

On High-Order Upwind Methods for Advection

In the fourth installment of the celebrated series of five papers entitled "Towards the ultimate conservative difference scheme", Van Leer (1977) introduced five schemes for advection, the first three are piecewise linear, and the last two, piecewise parabolic. Among the five, scheme I, which is the least accurate, extends with relative ease to systems of equations in multiple dimensions. As a result, it became the most popular and is widely known as the MUSCL scheme (monotone upstream-centered schemes for conservation laws). Schemes III and V have the same accuracy, are the most accurate, and are closely related to current high-order methods. Scheme III uses a piecewise linear approximation that is discontinuous across cells, and can be considered as a precursor of the discontinuous Galerkin methods. Scheme V employs a piecewise quadratic approximation that is, as opposed to the case of scheme III, continuous across cells. This method is the basis for the on-going "active flux scheme" developed by Roe and collaborators. Here, schemes III and V are shown to be equivalent in the sense that they yield identical (reconstructed) solutions, provided the initial condition for scheme III is defined from that of scheme V in a manner dependent on the CFL number. This equivalence is counter intuitive since it is generally believed that piecewise linear and piecewise parabolic methods cannot produce the same solutions due to their different degrees of approximation. The finding also shows a key connection between the approaches of discontinuous and continuous polynomial approximations. In addition to the discussed equivalence, a framework using both projection and interpolation that extends schemes III and V into a single family of high-order schemes is introduced. For these high-order extensions, it is demonstrated via Fourier analysis that schemes with the same number of degrees of freedom 𝐾 per cell, in spite of the different piecewise polynomial degrees, share the same sets of eigenvalues and thus, have the same stability and accuracy. Moreover, these schemes are accurate to order 2𝐾−1, which is higher than the expected order of 𝐾.

high-order methods↗

A Posteriori Error Estimation for Finite Volume and Finite Element Approximations Using Broken Space Approximation

We consider a posteriori error estimates for finite volume and finite element methods on arbitrary meshes subject to prescribed error functionals. Error estimates of this type are useful in a number of computational settings: (1) quantitative prediction of the numerical solution error, (2) adaptive meshing, and (3) load balancing of work on parallel computing architectures. Our analysis recasts the class of Godunov finite volumes schemes as a particular form of discontinuous Galerkin method utilizing broken space approximation obtained via reconstruction of cell-averaged data. In this general framework, weighted residual error bounds are readily obtained using duality arguments and Galerkin orthogonality. Additional consideration is given to issues such as nonlinearity, efficiency, and the relationship to other existing methods. Numerical examples are given throughout the talk to demonstrate the sharpness of the estimates and efficiency of the techniques. Additional information is contained in the original.

Barth, Timothy J.↗

Non-oscillatory and non-diffusive solution of convection problems by the iteratively reweighted least-squares finite element method

A comparative description is presented for the least-squares FEM (LSFEM) for 2D steady-state pure convection problems. In addition to exhibiting better control of the streamline derivative than the streamline upwinding Petrov-Galerkin method, numerical convergence rates are obtained which show the LSFEM to be virtually optimal. The LSFEM is used as a framework for an iteratively reweighted LSFEM yielding nonoscillatory and nondiffusive solutions for problems with contact discontinuities; this method is shown to convect contact discontinuities without error when using triangular and bilinear elements.

Jiang, Bo-Nan↗

Modeling detonation with CartaBlanca simulations

The accurate modeling of high explosive (HE) detonation and the con- sequent large solid deformation, failure, plastic flow, porosity growth, and shock wave propagation is important because simulations can capture spatial and temporal features that experimental diagnostics cannot capture. However, the simulation of the explosive event poses challenges to a computational scientist. These include the accurate modeling of ductile damage, crack formation, plastic deformation, as well as physical and nu- merical instabilities. The material response can be history-dependent and subject to large material deformation. Our research simulates the impact of a high explosive (Detasheet) onto a tantulum metal plate. We performed the simulations using CartaBlanca at different mesh resolutions. We decided the study would be impactful if we perform the simulations with the Material Point Method. Differences were observed at the different mesh resolutions in velocity and nodal stress magnitude, so increased mesh resolutions may be required. In addition, the Discontinuous Galerkin method would be needed to account for the large gas expansion.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

Separated flows near the nose of a body of revolution

The solution of the Navier-Stokes equations for the problem of cross-flow separataion about a deforming cylinder was achieved by iteration. It was shown that the separation starts at the rear stagnation point and the point of primary separation moves upstram along the cylinder surface. A general method of linear stability analysis for nonparallel external flows was constructed, which consists of representing the eigenfunctions with complete orthogonal sets and forms characteristic equations with the Galerkin method. The method was applied to the Kovasznay flow which is an exact solution of the Navier-Stokes equation. The results show that when the critical parameter is exceeded, there are only a few isolated unstable eigen-frequencies. Another exact solution is shown to be absolutely and monotonically stable with respect to infinitesimal disturbances of all frequencies. The flow is also globally, asymptotically, and monotonically stable in the mean with respect o three-dimensional disturbances. This result forms the sound foundation of rigorous stability analysis for nonparallel flows, and provides an invaluable test ground for future studies of nonparallel flows in which the basic states do not posses exact solutions. The application of this method to the study of the formation of spiral vorticies near the nose of a rotating body of revolution is underway. The same method will be applied to the stability analysis of reversed flow over a plate with suction.

Lin, S. P.↗

Advances in computational structural and solid mechanics; Proceedings of the First World Congress on Computational Mechanics, University of Texas, Austin, Sept. 22-26, 1986

Papers are presented on the nonlinear dynamic analysis of quasi-symmetric anisotropic structures, the analysis of large deformations of membrane shells by the generalized finite difference method, the vibration of shear-deformable laminated plate structures by the finite strip method, and Coon's surface method for the formulation of finite elements for plates and shells. Other topics include an evaluation of higher-order modal methods for calculating the transient structural response, a nonlinear dynamic analysis of frame structures, and a nonlinear analysis of a truss by energy minimization. Also considered are an incremental Galerkin method for plates and stiffened plates, a comparison of the postbuckling behavior of plates and shells, and a general solution of bending in a cylindrical shell.

Noor, Ahmed K.↗