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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Development and Optimization of Additively Manufactured NASA HR-1 for Space Applications

Metal additive manufacturing (AM) processes have been demonstrated to be effective at reducing costs and lead times associated with fabrication of complex propulsion component designs. Laser powder directed energy deposition (LP-DED) and laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) are metal AM technologies that have effectively been used to produce a variety of parts for space applications. These technologies have enabled new designs and materials for these applications. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has identified the need to develop and advance new materials in unique space applications such as high-pressure hydrogen environments. One such metal alloy being developed for these applications is NASA HR-1. A high-strength Fe-Ni based superalloy, NASA HR-1 was designed to resist high pressure hydrogen environment embrittlement, oxidation, and corrosion. AM technologies have enabled the manufacturing of NASA HR-1 to be a feasible material for components in hydrogen environments. Development efforts for NASA HR-1 have completed build and heat treatment optimization, material characterization, thermophysical property testing, and mechanical testing in air and hydrogen environments to mature the understanding of the material. This presentation will summarize the development of NASA HR-1 for AM including composition and heat treatment optimization, microstructure characterization, and results of mechanical testing in air and high pressure hydrogen.

Additive Manufacturing↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Parameter, Post-Processing Sensitivities, and Qualification Approach of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Hydrogen Resistant Alloy NASA HR-1

Metal additive manufacturing (AM) processes are being used to enable economical manufacturing of legacy alloys as well as advancing new alloys. Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is a metal AM process that has high maturity and being used to produce a variety of parts for space applications including complex propulsion components. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has identified the need to develop and advance new materials in unique space applications such as high-pressure hydrogen environments. NASA HR-1 is a high strength Fe-Ni based superalloy designed to resist high pressure hydrogen environment embrittlement (HEE), oxidation, and corrosion that has been successfully adapted to laser powder directed energy deposition (LP-DED). Insights gained from the NASA HR-1 development for LP-DED have guided the development process for L-PBF. However, adapting NASA HR-1 to L-PBF posed new challenges due to the distinct differences between the additive manufacturing processes. During parameter development, sensitivities were observed in post-processing that necessitated additional optimization of heat treatments. Additionally, the variations in thickness and how it influenced the microstructural response during heat treatment was characterized. Understanding these sensitivities is important to qualification of the material in a L-PBF machine. This ensures that the microstructures and properties of the material maintain consistency in production. This presentation will cover parameter development along with post-processing challenges and solutions will be discussed in addition to key material properties as it pertains to application performance and qualification per NASA-STD-6030. Improvements made by developing a derivative alloy, NASA HR-2, will be highlighted through preliminary small scale parameter development, material characterization, and initial property testing.

NASA HR-1↗
DOE OSTI2022

Nanostructure refinement and phase formation of flash annealed FeNi-based soft magnetic alloys

In this work, the resulting nanocomposite microstructures of FeNi nanocrystallites under different heating and cooling rates (5 °C/min vs 400-500 °C/s) is investigated. Conventional furnace annealing under low heating rates and slow cooling resulted in both BCC α-FeNi and FCC γ-FeNi nanocrystallites with an average grain size on the order of 25-27 nm whereas high heating rates achieved via flash annealing techniques have enabled a dramatically refined microstructure consisting of 5-7 nm grains with FCC γ-FeNi phase and found to be the dominant phase following primary crystallization. Grain size refinement and phase identity optimization yielded low values of coercivities-17 A/m and high permeability similar to 11 x 10 3 measured at 400 Hz/1 kA/m in flash annealed samples at 450 °C for 5 s. The magnetic behavior and the underlying mechanism of optimal soft magnetic properties are discussed in terms of the critical role of the grain size in domain wall pinning and coercivity.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on FeNi3 by Materials Project

Ni3Fe is Uranium Silicide structured and crystallizes in the cubic Pm-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Fe is bonded to twelve equivalent Ni atoms to form FeNi12 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent FeNi12 cuboctahedra, edges with twenty-four equivalent NiFe4Ni8 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent FeNi12 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve equivalent NiFe4Ni8 cuboctahedra. All Fe–Ni bond lengths are 2.50 Å. Ni is bonded to four equivalent Fe and eight equivalent Ni atoms to form NiFe4Ni8 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent NiFe4Ni8 cuboctahedra, edges with eight equivalent FeNi12 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen equivalent NiFe4Ni8 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent FeNi12 cuboctahedra, and faces with fourteen equivalent NiFe4Ni8 cuboctahedra. All Ni–Ni bond lengths are 2.50 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on FeNi by Materials Project

NiFe is Tetraauricupride structured and crystallizes in the tetragonal P4/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Fe is bonded to four equivalent Fe and eight equivalent Ni atoms to form FeFe4Ni8 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent FeFe4Ni8 cuboctahedra, edges with eight equivalent FeFe4Ni8 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen equivalent NiFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra, faces with eight equivalent NiFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra, and faces with ten equivalent FeFe4Ni8 cuboctahedra. All Fe–Fe bond lengths are 2.51 Å. All Fe–Ni bond lengths are 2.52 Å. Ni is bonded to eight equivalent Fe and four equivalent Ni atoms to form NiFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent NiFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra, edges with eight equivalent NiFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen equivalent FeFe4Ni8 cuboctahedra, faces with eight equivalent FeFe4Ni8 cuboctahedra, and faces with ten equivalent NiFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra. All Ni–Ni bond lengths are 2.51 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Fe3Ni by Materials Project

Fe3Ni is Uranium Silicide structured and crystallizes in the cubic Pm-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Fe is bonded to eight equivalent Fe and four equivalent Ni atoms to form FeFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent FeFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra, edges with eight equivalent NiFe12 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen equivalent FeFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent NiFe12 cuboctahedra, and faces with fourteen equivalent FeFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra. All Fe–Fe bond lengths are 2.53 Å. All Fe–Ni bond lengths are 2.53 Å. Ni is bonded to twelve equivalent Fe atoms to form NiFe12 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent NiFe12 cuboctahedra, edges with twenty-four equivalent FeFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent NiFe12 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve equivalent FeFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Fe3Ni by Materials Project

Fe3Ni is alpha bismuth trifluoride structured and crystallizes in the cubic Fm-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Fe sites. In the first Fe site, Fe is bonded in a distorted body-centered cubic geometry to four equivalent Fe and four equivalent Ni atoms. All Fe–Fe bond lengths are 2.47 Å. All Fe–Ni bond lengths are 2.47 Å. In the second Fe site, Fe is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight equivalent Fe and six equivalent Ni atoms. All Fe–Ni bond lengths are 2.85 Å. Ni is bonded in a distorted body-centered cubic geometry to fourteen Fe atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on FeNi3 by Materials Project

Ni3Fe is alpha bismuth trifluoride structured and crystallizes in the cubic Fm-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Fe is bonded in a distorted body-centered cubic geometry to fourteen Ni atoms. There are eight shorter (2.44 Å) and six longer (2.82 Å) Fe–Ni bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Ni sites. In the first Ni site, Ni is bonded in a distorted body-centered cubic geometry to four equivalent Fe and four equivalent Ni atoms. All Ni–Ni bond lengths are 2.44 Å. In the second Ni site, Ni is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Fe and eight equivalent Ni atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on FeNi3 by Materials Project

Ni3Fe is alpha La-derived structured and crystallizes in the tetragonal I4/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Fe is bonded to twelve Ni atoms to form FeNi12 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent FeNi12 cuboctahedra, corners with eight equivalent NiFe4Ni8 cuboctahedra, edges with eight equivalent FeNi12 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen equivalent NiFe4Ni8 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent FeNi12 cuboctahedra, and faces with fourteen NiFe4Ni8 cuboctahedra. All Fe–Ni bond lengths are 2.50 Å. There are two inequivalent Ni sites. In the first Ni site, Ni is bonded to four equivalent Fe and eight equivalent Ni atoms to form NiFe4Ni8 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent NiFe4Ni8 cuboctahedra, corners with eight equivalent FeNi12 cuboctahedra, edges with twenty-four NiFe4Ni8 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent FeNi12 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve NiFe4Ni8 cuboctahedra. All Ni–Ni bond lengths are 2.50 Å. In the second Ni site, Ni is bonded to four equivalent Fe and eight Ni atoms to form NiFe4Ni8 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent NiFe4Ni8 cuboctahedra, edges with eight equivalent FeNi12 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen NiFe4Ni8 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent FeNi12 cuboctahedra, and faces with fourteen NiFe4Ni8 cuboctahedra. All Ni–Ni bond lengths are 2.50 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Fe3Ni by Materials Project

Fe3Ni is beta Cu3Ti-like structured and crystallizes in the tetragonal I4/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Fe sites. In the first Fe site, Fe is bonded to eight equivalent Fe and four equivalent Ni atoms to form FeFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent FeFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra, corners with eight equivalent NiFe12 cuboctahedra, edges with twenty-four FeFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent NiFe12 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve FeFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra. All Fe–Fe bond lengths are 2.57 Å. All Fe–Ni bond lengths are 2.49 Å. In the second Fe site, Fe is bonded to eight Fe and four equivalent Ni atoms to form FeFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent FeFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra, edges with eight equivalent NiFe12 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen FeFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent NiFe12 cuboctahedra, and faces with fourteen FeFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra. All Fe–Fe bond lengths are 2.49 Å. All Fe–Ni bond lengths are 2.57 Å. Ni is bonded to twelve Fe atoms to form NiFe12 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent NiFe12 cuboctahedra, corners with eight equivalent FeFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra, edges with eight equivalent NiFe12 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen equivalent FeFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent NiFe12 cuboctahedra, and faces with fourteen FeFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on FeNi3 by Materials Project

Ni3Fe is beta Cu3Ti structured and crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pmmn space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Fe is bonded to twelve Ni atoms to form FeNi12 cuboctahedra that share corners with two equivalent FeNi12 cuboctahedra, corners with sixteen NiFe4Ni8 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent FeNi12 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve equivalent NiFe4Ni8 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent FeNi12 cuboctahedra, and faces with fourteen NiFe4Ni8 cuboctahedra. There are eight shorter (2.50 Å) and four longer (2.51 Å) Fe–Ni bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Ni sites. In the first Ni site, Ni is bonded to four equivalent Fe and eight equivalent Ni atoms to form NiFe4Ni8 cuboctahedra that share corners with eight equivalent FeNi12 cuboctahedra, corners with ten NiFe4Ni8 cuboctahedra, edges with eighteen NiFe4Ni8 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent FeNi12 cuboctahedra, and faces with fourteen NiFe4Ni8 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Ni–Ni bond distances ranging from 2.48–2.53 Å. In the second Ni site, Ni is bonded to four equivalent Fe and eight Ni atoms to form NiFe4Ni8 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent FeNi12 cuboctahedra, corners with fourteen NiFe4Ni8 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent FeNi12 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve NiFe4Ni8 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent FeNi12 cuboctahedra, and faces with sixteen NiFe4Ni8 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Ni–Ni bond distances ranging from 2.48–2.52 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on FeNi3 by Materials Project

Ni3Fe is alpha La-derived structured and crystallizes in the trigonal R-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Fe is bonded to six equivalent Fe and six equivalent Ni atoms to form FeFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent FeFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra, corners with six equivalent NiNi12 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent FeFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra, edges with eighteen NiFe3Ni9 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent FeFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve equivalent NiFe3Ni9 cuboctahedra. All Fe–Fe bond lengths are 2.50 Å. All Fe–Ni bond lengths are 2.49 Å. There are five inequivalent Ni sites. In the first Ni site, Ni is bonded to three equivalent Fe and nine Ni atoms to form NiFe3Ni9 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent NiFe3Ni9 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent FeFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra, edges with eighteen NiFe3Ni9 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent FeFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve NiFe3Ni9 cuboctahedra. There are six shorter (2.50 Å) and three longer (2.51 Å) Ni–Ni bond lengths. In the second Ni site, Ni is bonded to twelve Ni atoms to form NiNi12 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent FeFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra, corners with six equivalent NiNi12 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent FeFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra, edges with eighteen NiFe3Ni9 cuboctahedra, and faces with eighteen NiFe3Ni9 cuboctahedra. All Ni–Ni bond lengths are 2.50 Å. In the third Ni site, Ni is bonded to three equivalent Fe and nine Ni atoms to form NiFe3Ni9 cuboctahedra that share corners with seventeen NiFe3Ni9 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent FeFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen NiFe3Ni9 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent FeFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra, and faces with fifteen NiFe3Ni9 cuboctahedra. All Ni–Fe bond lengths are 2.49 Å. There are six shorter (2.50 Å) and three longer (2.51 Å) Ni–Ni bond lengths. In the fourth Ni site, Ni is bonded to sixteen Ni atoms to form NiNi16 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent FeFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra, corners with sixteen NiFe3Ni9 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent FeFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra, edges with eighteen NiFe3Ni9 cuboctahedra, and faces with thirty-four NiFe3Ni9 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Ni–Ni bond distances ranging from 2.50–5.00 Å. In the fifth Ni site, Ni is bonded to three equivalent Fe and nine Ni atoms to form NiFe3Ni9 cuboctahedra that share corners with seventeen NiFe3Ni9 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent FeFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen NiFe3Ni9 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent FeFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra, and faces with fifteen NiNi16 cuboctahedra. All Ni–Fe bond lengths are 2.49 Å. All Ni–Ni bond lengths are 2.50 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Fe3Ni by Materials Project

Fe3Ni crystallizes in the orthorhombic Cmmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Fe sites. In the first Fe site, Fe is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to six Fe and two equivalent Ni atoms. There are four shorter (2.46 Å) and two longer (2.47 Å) Fe–Fe bond lengths. Both Fe–Ni bond lengths are 2.46 Å. In the second Fe site, Fe is bonded in a distorted body-centered cubic geometry to eight Fe atoms. All Fe–Fe bond lengths are 2.46 Å. Ni is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Fe and four equivalent Ni atoms. All Ni–Ni bond lengths are 2.46 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Fe3Ni2 by Materials Project

Fe3Ni2 is alpha La-derived structured and crystallizes in the tetragonal P4/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent Fe sites. In the first Fe site, Fe is bonded to eight Fe and four equivalent Ni atoms to form FeFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve FeFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra, edges with eight equivalent NiFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen FeFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent NiFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra, and faces with fourteen FeFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra. There are four shorter (2.50 Å) and four longer (2.59 Å) Fe–Fe bond lengths. All Fe–Ni bond lengths are 2.52 Å. In the second Fe site, Fe is bonded to four equivalent Fe and eight Ni atoms to form FeFe4Ni8 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve FeFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra, edges with eight FeFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen NiFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra, faces with eight NiFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra, and faces with ten FeFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra. All Fe–Fe bond lengths are 2.50 Å. All Fe–Ni bond lengths are 2.52 Å. In the third Fe site, Fe is bonded to four equivalent Fe and eight equivalent Ni atoms to form FeFe4Ni8 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve FeFe4Ni8 cuboctahedra, edges with eight equivalent FeFe4Ni8 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen equivalent NiFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra, faces with eight equivalent NiFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra, and faces with ten FeFe4Ni8 cuboctahedra. All Fe–Fe bond lengths are 2.50 Å. All Fe–Ni bond lengths are 2.53 Å. In the fourth Fe site, Fe is bonded to twelve Fe atoms to form FeFe12 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent FeFe12 cuboctahedra, corners with eight equivalent NiFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra, edges with eight equivalent NiFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen equivalent FeFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra, faces with two equivalent NiFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra, and faces with sixteen FeFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra. All Fe–Fe bond lengths are 2.50 Å. There are two inequivalent Ni sites. In the first Ni site, Ni is bonded to eight Fe and four equivalent Ni atoms to form NiFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent FeFe12 cuboctahedra, corners with eight NiFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra, edges with four equivalent NiFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra, edges with twenty FeFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra, faces with nine FeFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra, and faces with nine NiFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra. All Ni–Ni bond lengths are 2.50 Å. In the second Ni site, Ni is bonded to eight Fe and four equivalent Ni atoms to form NiFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve NiFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra, edges with eight NiFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen FeFe4Ni8 cuboctahedra, faces with eight FeFe4Ni8 cuboctahedra, and faces with ten NiFe8Ni4 cuboctahedra. All Ni–Ni bond lengths are 2.50 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on FeNi2 by Materials Project

FeNi2 is Cubic Laves structured and crystallizes in the cubic Fd-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Fe is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Fe and twelve equivalent Ni atoms. All Fe–Fe bond lengths are 2.84 Å. All Fe–Ni bond lengths are 2.72 Å. Ni is bonded to six equivalent Fe and six equivalent Ni atoms to form a mixture of edge, corner, and face-sharing NiFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra. All Ni–Ni bond lengths are 2.32 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Fe3Ni by Materials Project

Fe3Ni is alpha La-derived structured and crystallizes in the trigonal R-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent Fe sites. In the first Fe site, Fe is bonded to nine Fe and three equivalent Ni atoms to form FeFe9Ni3 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent FeFe9Ni3 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent NiFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra, edges with eighteen FeFe9Ni3 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent NiFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve FeFe9Ni3 cuboctahedra. There are six shorter (2.50 Å) and three longer (2.53 Å) Fe–Fe bond lengths. All Fe–Ni bond lengths are 2.52 Å. In the second Fe site, Fe is bonded to twelve Fe atoms to form FeFe12 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent FeFe12 cuboctahedra, corners with six equivalent NiFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent NiFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra, edges with eighteen FeFe9Ni3 cuboctahedra, and faces with eighteen FeFe9Ni3 cuboctahedra. All Fe–Fe bond lengths are 2.50 Å. In the third Fe site, Fe is bonded to nine Fe and three equivalent Ni atoms to form FeFe9Ni3 cuboctahedra that share corners with seventeen FeFe9Ni3 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent NiFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen FeFe9Ni3 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent NiFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra, and faces with fifteen FeFe9Ni3 cuboctahedra. There are six shorter (2.50 Å) and three longer (2.53 Å) Fe–Fe bond lengths. All Fe–Ni bond lengths are 2.52 Å. In the fourth Fe site, Fe is bonded to sixteen Fe atoms to form FeFe16 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent NiFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra, corners with sixteen FeFe9Ni3 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent NiFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra, edges with eighteen FeFe9Ni3 cuboctahedra, and faces with thirty-four FeFe9Ni3 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.50–5.01 Å. Ni is bonded to six equivalent Fe and six equivalent Ni atoms to form NiFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent FeFe12 cuboctahedra, corners with six equivalent NiFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent NiFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra, edges with eighteen FeFe9Ni3 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent NiFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve equivalent FeFe9Ni3 cuboctahedra. All Ni–Ni bond lengths are 2.50 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on FeNi by Materials Project

NiFe is alpha La-derived structured and crystallizes in the trigonal R-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Fe sites. In the first Fe site, Fe is bonded to six equivalent Fe and six equivalent Ni atoms to form FeFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve FeFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve FeFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve equivalent NiFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent FeFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve equivalent NiFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra. All Fe–Fe bond lengths are 2.52 Å. All Fe–Ni bond lengths are 2.53 Å. In the second Fe site, Fe is bonded to six equivalent Fe and six Ni atoms to form FeFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra that share corners with five equivalent NiFe6Ni10 cuboctahedra, corners with twelve FeFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra, edges with ten NiFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve FeFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent FeFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra, and faces with fifteen NiFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra. All Fe–Fe bond lengths are 2.52 Å. All Fe–Ni bond lengths are 2.53 Å. In the third Fe site, Fe is bonded to six equivalent Fe and six Ni atoms to form FeFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra that share corners with five equivalent NiFe6Ni10 cuboctahedra, corners with twelve FeFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra, edges with ten NiFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve FeFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent FeFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra, and faces with fifteen NiFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra. All Fe–Fe bond lengths are 2.52 Å. All Fe–Ni bond lengths are 2.53 Å. There are two inequivalent Ni sites. In the first Ni site, Ni is bonded to six Fe and six equivalent Ni atoms to form NiFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve NiFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve FeFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve NiFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent NiFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve FeFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra. All Ni–Ni bond lengths are 2.52 Å. In the second Ni site, Ni is bonded to six Fe and ten equivalent Ni atoms to form NiFe6Ni10 cuboctahedra that share corners with ten FeFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra, corners with twelve NiFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra, edges with eight FeFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen NiFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra, faces with sixteen equivalent NiFe6Ni10 cuboctahedra, and faces with eighteen FeFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Ni–Ni bond distances ranging from 2.52–5.03 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Fe2Ni by Materials Project

NiFe2 is Cubic Laves structured and crystallizes in the cubic Fd-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Fe is bonded to six equivalent Fe and six equivalent Ni atoms to form a mixture of face, edge, and corner-sharing FeFe6Ni6 cuboctahedra. All Fe–Fe bond lengths are 2.31 Å. All Fe–Ni bond lengths are 2.71 Å. Ni is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to twelve equivalent Fe and four equivalent Ni atoms. All Ni–Ni bond lengths are 2.83 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗