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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 199 records · Page 11
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

National Ignition Campaign Data Analysis by an ICF Outsider

A simple DT burn model, with no alpha-particle warming feedback, using a combination of ICF inputs and the measured ion temperature, T, volume compression, C, ablator velocity, v, and burn width time, Δt, can reproduce the national-ignition campaign (NIC) fusion yields with a rms percent difference of ~40%. Analysis suggestion the fusion-yield reproducibility of NIC events with nominally identically measured T, C, v, and Δt is <30%. The highest fusion yields, at a fixed laser energy are obtained with depleted-uranium (DU) hohlraums and high-density carbon (HDC) ablators. Small diameter fit tubes (≤5 μm) enhance fusion yields by an average of 26±15% relative to 10-μm diameter fit tubes. A dependence of fusion yield on the diameter of the capsule relative to the diameter of the hohlraum is inferred for fixed T, C, v, and Δt. No evidence of conditions close to ignition, or alpha-particle warming is found in the existing NIC data with LEH< 2MJ. To obtain a predictive model for extrapolation proposes we map the T, C, and v into power laws as a function of LEH. The above mentioned extrapolatable model has a rms percent difference from the yields of the second half of the NIC of (56 ± 4)%. Higher (and significantly lower) DT temperatures are obtained with HDC ablators (and low-foot drives). The highest compressions are obtained via low-foot drives, but this does not compensate for the corresponding lower temperatures. An extrapolation of the presented model suggests significant alpha-particle heating at an LEH of ~5 MJ. It is hoped that others more familiar it the conditions needed for ignition will use to presented model to estimate the LEH required for ignition.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Real Time Data Analysis With the ATLAS Trigger at the LHC in Run-2

The trigger selection capabilities of the ATLAS detector have been significantly enhanced for the LHC Run- 2 in order to cope with the higher event rates and with the large number of simultaneous interactions (pile-up) per protonproton bunch crossing. A new hardware system, designed to analyse real time event-topologies at Level-1 came to full use in 2017. A hardware-based track reconstruction system, expected to be used real-time in 2018, is designed to provide track information to the high-level software trigger at its full input rate. The high-level trigger selections are largely relying on offline-like reconstruction techniques, and in some cases multivariate analysis methods. Despite the sudden change in LHC operations during the second half of 2017, which caused an increase in pile-up and therefore also in CPU usage of the trigger algorithms, the set of triggers (so called trigger menu) running online has undergone only minor modifications thanks to the robustness and redundancy of the trigger system, and the use of a levelling luminosity scheme in agreement with LHC and other experiments. Here, this presentation gives a brief yet comprehensive review of the real-time performance of the ATLAS trigger system in 2017. Considerations will be presented on the most relevant parameters of the trigger (efficiency to collect signal and output data rate) as well as details on some aspects of the algorithms which are run real-time on the High Level Trigger CPU farm.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Data Analysis of the 2020 Central Idaho Mainshock-Aftershock Sequence

In an effort to inform the Senior Seismic Hazard Analysis Committee for the Idaho National Laboratory, we provide an improved aftershock catalog related to the March 31, 2020, Mw6.5 Stanley, Idaho earthquake from picks related to a temporary network of two real-time and 15 non-telemetered seismometers within the epicentral area. From the permanent and temporary (XP) real-time network, the USGS cataloged 1,946 aftershocks between April 1, 2020 and October 31, 2020. To improve aftershock location and magnitudes, we manually picked arrival times of P and S waves from off-line stations in the XP temporary network, generated a new crustal velocity model, and independently relocated each event using the HypoDD double-difference earthquake algorithm. We created our new velocity model from existing broadband and active source seismic campaign data that were acquired near the epicentral region prior to the 2020 earthquake. We compare arrival time differences, epicentral locations and depths between aftershocks recorded with the two catalogs. We find the addition of local stations provides tighter aftershock clustering that suggests an improved aftershock locations. To detect lower magnitude events, we employed deep learning. Our method solves common problems associated with detecting many events that have a low signal-to-noise ratio. From the machine learning database, we detected more than 74,000 aftershocks. Based on the number of identified earthquakes and Gutenberg-Richter relationships derived from the USGS catalog, we estimate that we have reduced the completion magnitude for the Stanley earthquake sequence to below M1 using this machine learning approach. We located each aftershock with our new velocity model. Our new velocity model and picks suggests aftershocks occurred mostly at shallower depths than assessed in the USGS catalog. These aftershocks align along two linear trends that suggest the activation of two unnamed primary faults.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Investigating the contribution of grown new particles to cloud condensation nuclei with largely varying preexisting particles – Part 1: Observational data analysis

This study employed multiple techniques to investigate the contribution of grown new particles to the number concentration of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) at various supersaturation (SS) levels at a rural mountain site in the North China Plain from 29 June to 14 July 2019. On 8 new particle formation (NPF) days, the total particle number concentrations (N cn ) were 8.4 ± 6.1×10 3 cm -3 , which was substantially higher compared to 4.7 ± 2.6×10 3 cm -3 on non-NPF days. However, the CCN concentration (Nccn) at 0.2 % SS and 0.4 % SS on the NPF days was significantly lower than those observed on non-NPF days (p<0.05). This was due to the lower cloud activation efficiency of preexisting particles resulting from organic vapor condensation and smaller number concentrations of preexisting particles on NPF days. A case-by-case examination showed that the grown new particles only yielded a detectable contribution to N ccn at 0.4 % SS and 1.0 % SS during the NPF event on 1 July 2019, accounting for 12 % ± 11 % and 23 % ± 12 % of N ccn , respectively. The increased N ccn during two other NPF events and at 0.2 % SS on 1 July 2019 were detectable but determined mainly by varying preexisting particles rather than grown new particles. In addition, the hygroscopicity parameter values, concentrations of inorganic and organic particulate components, and surface chemical composition of different sized particles were analyzed in terms of chemical drivers to grow new particles. The results showed that the grown new particles via organic vapor condensation generally had no detectable contribution to N ccn but incidentally did. However, this conclusion was drawn from a small size of observational data, leaving more observations, particularly long-term observations and the growth of preexisting particles to the CCN required size, needed for further investigation.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Simulations, Modeling and Data Analysis of Parity Violating Electron Scattering Experiments

In the Standard Model (SM) of nuclear and particle physics, parity violation is incorporated through the representation of the weak interaction as a chiral gauge interaction. Only the left-handed components of particles and right-handed components of antiparticles participate in weak interactions in the Standard Model. This implies that parity is asymmetric for the weak interaction. Parity violating electron scattering (PVES) experiments are designed to probe the physics parameters related to the SM, with the possibility to discover physics beyond the SM (BSM) by measuring the parity violating asymmetry ¿¿¿ of longitudinally polarized electrons scattered off unpolarized targets with high precision. This dissertation will be focused on two PVES experiments, the next 208Pb Lead Radius Experiment (PREX-II), and the Measurement of a Lepton-Lepton Electroweak Reaction (MOLLER) experiment, as well as in some small sections, the Calcium Radius Experiment (CREX) and P2 experiment which are also PVES experiments). PREX-II and CREX experiments, performed in Hall A at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab), measured ¿¿¿ in the elastic scattering of longitudinally polarized electrons from 208Pb and 48Ca targets to provide a precise model independent determination of the neutron skin thickness of 208Pb and 48Ca nuclei, respectively. The MOLLER experiment, proposed to start in 2027 and also to be performed in Hall A at Jefferson Lab, is to measure ¿¿¿ of longitudinally polarized electrons scattered off unpolarized electrons (Møller scattering) to determine the weak charge of electrons ¿¿¿ and the weak mixing angle ¿¿ with high precision. As for the P2 experiment, which will be performed at the upcoming MESA accelerator in Mainz Germany, it is to measure the weak charge of proton ¿¿¿ using ¿¿¿ in the elastic electron-proton scattering of polarized electrons off unpolarized protons. The final results from the PREX-II experiment are presented as ¿¿¿=550±16 (¿¿¿¿)±8 (¿¿¿¿) parts-per-billion (ppb). Combining the PREX-I and PREX-II results, the neutron skin thickness from PREX experiments is determined as ¿¿-¿¿=0.283±0.071 ¿¿ in 208Pb. This thesis lists the software and computational contribution of the author to these PVES experiments, including writing scripts and software to help with the PREX-II/CREX experiments, analyzing data to provide useful information and systematic uncertainty for the PREX-II experiment, modeling and simulations for the MOLLER, and providing an alternative design of an electronic equipment for the P2 experiment.

Chen, Yufan↗
DOE OSTI2024

Simulations, Modeling and Data Analysis of Parity Violating Electron Scattering Experiments

In the Standard Model (SM) of nuclear and particle physics, parity violation is incorporated through the representation of the weak interaction as a chiral gauge interaction. Only the left-handed components of particles and right-handed components of antiparticles participate in weak interactions in the Standard Model. This implies that parity is asymmetric for the weak interaction. Parity violating electron scattering (PVES) experiments are designed to probe the physics parameters related to the SM, with the possibility to discover physics beyond the SM (BSM) by measuring the parity violating asymmetry ¿¿¿ of longitudinally polarized electrons scattered off unpolarized targets with high precision. This dissertation will be focused on two PVES experiments, the next 208Pb Lead Radius Experiment (PREX-II), and the Measurement of a Lepton-Lepton Electroweak Reaction (MOLLER) experiment, as well as in some small sections, the Calcium Radius Experiment (CREX) and P2 experiment which are also PVES experiments). PREX-II and CREX experiments, performed in Hall A at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab), measured ¿¿¿ in the elastic scattering of longitudinally polarized electrons from 208Pb and 48Ca targets to provide a precise model independent determination of the neutron skin thickness of 208Pb and 48Ca nuclei, respectively. The MOLLER experiment, proposed to start in 2027 and also to be performed in Hall A at Jefferson Lab, is to measure ¿¿¿ of longitudinally polarized electrons scattered off unpolarized electrons (Møller scattering) to determine the weak charge of electrons ¿¿¿ and the weak mixing angle ¿¿ with high precision. As for the P2 experiment, which will be performed at the upcoming MESA accelerator in Mainz Germany, it is to measure the weak charge of proton ¿¿¿ using ¿¿¿ in the elastic electron-proton scattering of polarized electrons off unpolarized protons. The final results from the PREX-II experiment are presented as ¿¿¿=550±16 (¿¿¿¿)±8 (¿¿¿¿) parts-per-billion (ppb). Combining the PREX-I and PREX-II results, the neutron skin thickness from PREX experiments is determined as ¿¿-¿¿=0.283±0.071 ¿¿ in 208Pb. This thesis lists the software and computational contribution of the author to these PVES experiments, including writing scripts and software to help with the PREX-II/CREX experiments, analyzing data to provide useful information and systematic uncertainty for the PREX-II experiment, modeling and simulations for the MOLLER, and providing an alternative design of an electronic equipment for the P2 experiment.

Chen, Yufan↗
DOE OSTI2024

Nucleus++ : a new tool bridging AME and NUBASE for advancing nuclear data analysis

The newly developed software, Nucleus++ , is an advanced tool for displaying basic nuclear physics properties from NUBASE and integrating comprehensive mass information for each nuclide from Atomic Mass Evaluation. Additionally, it allows users to compare experimental nuclear masses with predictions from different mass models. Building on the success and learning experiences of its predecessor, Nucleus , this enhanced tool introduces improved functionality and compatibility. With its user-friendly interface, Nucleus++ was designed as a valuable tool for scholars and practitioners in the field of nuclear science. Finally, this article offers an in-depth description of Nucleus++ , highlighting its main features and anticipated impacts on nuclear science research.

AME↗
DOE OSTI2025

ToF-SIMS spectral data analysis of Paenibacillus sp. 300A biofilms and planktonic cells

Analysis of bacterial biofilms is particularly challenging and important with diverse applications from systems biology to biotechnology. Among the variety of techniques that have been applied, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) has many promising features in studying the surface characteristics of biofilms. ToF-SIMS offers high spatial resolution and high mass accuracy, which permit surface sensitive analysis of biofilm components. Thus, ToF-SIMS provides a powerful solution to addressing the challenge of bacterial biofilm analysis. This dataset covers ToF-SIMS analysis of Paenibacillus sp. 300A (300A) isolated from the Hanford site in Richland, WA. The strain is known to have metal and sulfur reducing properties and can be used for bioremediation, wastewater treatment, bioengineering and technology development. There is a current need to identify small molecules and fragments produced from bacterial biofilms. Static ToF-SIMS spectra of 300A were obtained using an IONTOF TOF-SIMS V instrument equipped with a 25 keV Bi 3 + metal ion gun. Identified molecules and molecular fragments are compared against known biological databases and the reported peaks have at least 65 ppm mass accuracy. These molecules range from lipids and fatty acids to flavonoids, quinolones, and other naturally occurring organic compounds. It is anticipated that the spectral identification of key peaks will assist detection of metabolites, extracellular polymeric substance molecules like polysaccharides, and biologically relevant small molecules using ToF-SIMS in future surface and interface research of bacterial biofilms.

Biofilms↗
DOE OSTI2021

Novel data analysis method for obtaining better performance from a complex 3D-printed collimator

Additively manufactured scattered beam collimators are increasingly being employed to boost the sample to cell peak signal ratio in high pressure neutron diffraction studies because of manufacturing versatility and performance improvements. We study how the measured diffraction pattern is affected by the presence of a collimator downstream of the sample, and develop a novel protocol that provides more effective background rejection. This protocol takes into account critical performance-determinants that were identified in this study, namely: (i) effectively identifying the collimator pattern on the detector; (ii) understanding the dependence of this pattern on sample and cell composition; and (iii) accurately identifying and differentiating the different regions of the pattern on the detector based on the dependency of the cell or sample and finally (iv) resolving the intensities at regions of the detector where neutrons scattered from the sample are preferentially represented, in order to boost the sample to cell peak signal ratio. Application of this novel analysis protocol is shown to increase the collimator performance over the traditional method.

3D printing↗
DOE OSTI2022

A Combined DFT, Energy Decomposition, and Data Analysis Approach to Investigate the Relationship Between Noncovalent Interactions and Selectivity in a Flexible DABCOnium/Chiral Anion Catalyst System

Developing strategies to study reactivity and selectivity in flexible catalyst systems has become an important topic of research. Herein, we report a combined experimental and computational study aimed at understanding the mechanistic role of an achiral DABCOnium cofactor in a regio- and enantiodivergent bromocyclization reaction. In this study, it was found that electron-deficient aryl substituents enable rigidified transition states via an anion–π interaction with the catalyst, which drives the selectivity of the reaction. In contrast, electron-rich aryl groups on the DABCOnium result in significantly more flexible transition states, where interactions between the catalyst and substrate are more important. An analysis of not only the lowest-energy transition state structures but also an ensemble of low-energy transition state conformers via energy decomposition analysis and machine learning was crucial to revealing the dominant noncovalent interactions responsible for observed changes in selectivity in this flexible system.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2025

Accurate and reliable thermochemistry by data analysis of complex thermochemical networks using Active Thermochemical Tables: the case of glycine thermochemistry

Active Thermochemical Tables (ATcT) were successfully used to resolve the existing inconsistencies related to the thermochemistry of glycine, based on statistically analyzing and solving a thermochemical network that includes >3350 chemical species interconnected by nearly 35 000 thermochemically-relevant determinations from experiment and high-level theory. Here, the current ATcT results for the 298.15 K enthalpies of formation are −394.70 ± 0.55 kJ mol −1 for gas phase glycine, −528.37 ± 0.20 kJ mol −1 for solid α-glycine, −528.05 ± 0.22 kJ mol −1 for β-glycine, −528.64 ± 0.23 kJ mol −1 for γ-glycine, −514.22 ± 0.20 kJ mol −1 for aqueous undissociated glycine, and −470.09 ± 0.20 kJ mol −1 for fully dissociated aqueous glycine at infinite dilution. In addition, a new set of thermophysical properties of gas phase glycine was obtained from a fully corrected nonrigid rotor anharmonic oscillator (NRRAO) partition function, which includes all conformers. Corresponding sets of thermophysical properties of α-, β-, and γ-glycine are also presented.

Active Thermochemical Tables↗