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At least 199 records · Page 11

Improving missing transverse momentum estimation with a deep neural network

At hadron colliders, the net transverse momentum of particles that do not interact with the detector (missing transverse momentum, $^→_𝑝$$^{miss}_{T}$) is a crucial observable in many analyses. In the standard model, $^→_𝑝$$^{miss}_{T}$ originates from neutrinos. Many beyond-the-standard-model particles, such as dark matter candidates, are also expected to leave the experimental apparatus undetected. This paper presents a novel deep neural network based $^→_𝑝$$^{miss}_{T}$ estimator, DeepMET, developed by the CMS Collaboration at the LHC. The DeepMET algorithm produces a weight for each reconstructed particle based on its properties. The estimator is based on the negative vector sum of the weighted transverse momenta of all reconstructed particles in an event. Compared with other estimators currently employed by CMS, DeepMET improves the $^→_𝑝$$^{miss}_{T}$ resolution by 10%–30%, shows improvement for a wide range of final states, is easier to train, and is more resilient against the effects of additional proton-proton interactions accompanying the collision of interest.

artificial neural networks↗

ν μ and ν τ elastic scattering in Borexino

We perform a detailed study of neutrino-electron elastic scattering using the monoenergetic Be 7 neutrinos in Borexino, with an emphasis on exploring the differences between the contributions of ν e , ν μ , and ν τ . We find that current data are capable of measuring these components such that the contributions from ν μ and ν τ cannot be zero, although distinguishing between them is challenging—the differences stemming from Standard Model radiative corrections are insufficient without significantly more precise measurements. In studying these components, we compare predicted neutrino-electron scattering event rates within the Standard Model (accounting for neutrino oscillations), as well as going beyond the Standard Model in two ways. We allow for nonunitary evolution to modify neutrino oscillations, and find that with a larger exposure ( ∼ 30 x ), Borexino may provide relevant information for constraining nonunitarity, and that JUNO may be able to accomplish this with its data collection of Be 7 neutrinos. We also consider novel ν μ - and ν τ -electron scattering from a gauged U ( 1 ) L μ − L τ model, showing consistency with previous analyses of Borexino and this scenario, but also demonstrating the impact of uncertainties on Standard Model mixing parameters on these results. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Kelly, Kevin J. (ORCID:0000000248922093)↗

Search for dark matter produced in association with a Higgs boson decaying to tau leptons at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for dark matter produced in association with a Higgs boson in final states with two hadronically decaying τ-leptons and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis uses 139 fb -1 of proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider between 2015 and 2018. No evidence of physics beyond the Standard Model is found. The results are interpreted in terms of a 2HDM+a model featuring two scalar Higgs doublets and a pseudoscalar singlet field. Exclusion limits on the parameters of the model in selected benchmark scenarios are derived at 95% confidence level. Model-independent limits are also set on the visible cross-section for processes beyond the Standard Model producing missing transverse momentum in association with a Higgs boson decaying into τ-leptons.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Search for low-mass resonances decaying into two jets and produced in association with a photon or a jet at √s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search is performed for localized excesses in the low-mass dijet invariant mass distribution, targeting a hypothetical new particle decaying into two jets and produced in association with either a high transverse momentum photon or a jet. The search uses the full Run 2 data sample from LHC proton-proton collisions collected by the ATLAS experiment at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV during 2015–2018. Two variants of the search are presented for each type of initial-state radiation: one that makes no jet flavor requirements and one that requires both of the jets to have been identified as containing b-hadrons. No excess is observed relative to the Standard Model prediction, and the data are used to set upper limits on the production cross section for a benchmark Z' model and, separately, for generic, beyond the Standard Model scenarios which might produce a Gaussian-shaped contribution to dijet invariant mass distributions. The results extend the current constraints on dijet resonances to the mass range between 200 and 650 GeV.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

A detailed map of Higgs boson interactions by the ATLAS experiment ten years after the discovery

The standard model of particle physics describes the known fundamental particles and forces that make up our Universe, with the exception of gravity. One of the central features of the standard model is a field that permeates all of space and interacts with fundamental particles. The quantum excitation of this field, known as the Higgs field, manifests itself as the Higgs boson, the only fundamental particle with no spin. In 2012, a particle with properties consistent with the Higgs boson of the standard model was observed by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. Since then, more than 30 times as many Higgs bosons have been recorded by the ATLAS experiment, enabling much more precise measurements and new tests of the theory. Here, on the basis of this larger dataset, we combine an unprecedented number of production and decay processes of the Higgs boson to scrutinize its interactions with elementary particles. Interactions with gluons, photons, and W and Z bosons—the carriers of the strong, electromagnetic and weak forces—are studied in detail. Interactions with three third-generation matter particles (bottom (b) and top (t) quarks, and tau leptons (τ)) are well measured and indications of interactions with a second-generation particle (muons, μ) are emerging. These tests reveal that the Higgs boson discovered ten years ago is remarkably consistent with the predictions of the theory and provide stringent constraints on many models of new phenomena beyond the standard model.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Flavoured axions in the tail of B q → μ+μ- and B → γ* form factors

We discuss how LHC di-muon data collected to study B q → μμ can be used to constrain light particles with flavour-violating couplings to b -quarks. Focussing on the case of a flavoured QCD axion, a , we compute the decay rates for B q → μμa and the SM background process B q → μμγ near the kinematic endpoint. These rates depend on non-perturbative B q → γ (*) form factors with on- or off-shell photons. The off-shell form factors — relevant for generic searches for beyond-the-SM particles — are discussed in full generality and computed with QCD sum rules for the first time. This includes an extension to the low-lying resonance region using a multiple subtracted dispersion relation. With these results, we analyse available LHCb data to obtain the sensitivity on B q → μμa at present and future runs. We find that the full LHCb dataset alone will allow to probe axion-coupling scales of the order of 10 6 GeV for both b → d and b → s transitions. As a spin-off application of the off-shell form factors we further analyse the case of light, Beyond the Standard Model, vectors.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Search for long-lived particles decaying into muon pairs in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV collected with a dedicated high-rate data stream

A search for long-lived particles decaying into muon pairs is performed using proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2017 and 2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 101 fb -1 . The data sets used in this search were collected with a dedicated dimuon trigger stream with low transverse momentum thresholds, recorded at high rate by retaining a reduced amount of information, in order to explore otherwise inaccessible phase space at low dimuon mass and nonzero displacement from the primary interaction vertex. No significant excess of events beyond the standard model expectation is found. Upper limits on branching fractions at 95% confidence level are set on a wide range of mass and lifetime hypotheses in beyond the standard model frameworks with the Higgs boson decaying into a pair of long-lived dark photons, or with a long-lived scalar resonance arising from a decay of a b hadron. The limits are the most stringent to date for substantial regions of the parameter space. These results can be also used to constrain models of displaced dimuons that are not explicitly considered in this paper.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Search for a new scalar resonance decaying to a Higgs boson and another new scalar particle in the final state with two bottom quarks and two photons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV

A search is presented for a new scalar resonance, X, decaying to a standard model Higgs boson and another new scalar particle, Y, in the final state where the Higgs boson decays to a $\text{b}\overline{\text{b} }$ pair, while the Y particle decays to a pair of photons. The search is performed in the mass range 240–1000 GeV for the resonance X, and in the mass range 70–800 GeV for the particle Y, using proton-proton collision data collected by the CMS experiment at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 132 fb −1 . In general, the data are found to be compatible with the standard model expectation. Observed (expected) upper limits at 95% confidence level on the product of the production cross section and the relevant branching fraction are extracted for the X → YH process, and are found to be within the range of 0.05–2.69 (0.08–1.94) fb, depending on m X and m Y . The most significant deviation from the background-only hypothesis is observed for X and Y masses of 300 and 77 GeV, respectively, with a local (global) significance of 3.33 (0.65) standard deviations.

Beyond Standard Model↗

Search for new phenomena in three- or four-lepton events in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search with minimal model dependence for physics beyond the Standard Model in events featuring three or four charged leptons (3ℓ and 4ℓ, ℓ = e,μ) is presented. The analysis aims to be sensitive to a wide range of potential new-physics theories simultaneously. This analysis uses data from pp collisions delivered by the Large Hadron Collider at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV and recorded with the ATLAS detector, corresponding to the full Run 2 dataset of 139 fb -1 . The 3ℓ and 4ℓ phase space is divided into 22 event categories according to the number of leptons in the event, the missing transverse momentum, the invariant mass of the leptons, and the presence of leptons originating from a Z-boson candidate. These event categories are analysed independently for the presence of deviations from the Standard Model. No statistically significant deviations from the Standard Model predictions are observed. Upper limits for all signal regions are reported in terms of the visible cross-section.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Flavor-violating Higgs and Z boson decays at a future circular lepton collider

Recent advances in b , c , and s quark tagging coupled with novel statistical analysis techniques will allow future high energy and high statistics electron-positron colliders, such as the FCC-ee, to place phenomenologically relevant bounds on flavor violating Higgs and Z decays to quarks. We assess the FCC-ee reach for Z / h → b s , c u decays as a function of jet tagging performance. We also update the standard model (SM) predictions for the corresponding branching ratios, as well as the indirect constraints on the flavor violating Higgs and Z couplings to quarks. Using the type III two Higgs doublet model as an example of beyond the standard model physics, we show that the searches for h → b s , c u decays at FCC-ee can probe new parameter space not excluded by indirect searches. We also reinterpret the FCC-ee reach for Z → b s , c u in terms of the constraints on models with vectorlike quarks. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Kamenik, Jernej F. (ORCID:0000000151838637)↗

Search for resonant pair production of Higgs bosons in the $\textrm{b}\overline{\textrm{b}}\textrm{b}\overline{\textrm{b}}$ final state using large-area jets in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV

A search is presented for the resonant production of a pair of standard model-like Higgs bosons using data from proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC in 2016–2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb −1 . The final state consists of two b quark-antiquark pairs. The search is conducted in the region of phase space where at least one of the pairs is highly Lorentz-boosted and is reconstructed as a single large-area jet. The other pair may be either similarly merged or resolved, the latter reconstructed using two b-tagged jets. The data are found to be consistent with standard model processes and are interpreted as 95% confidence level upper limits on the product of the cross sections and the branching fractions of the spin-0 radion and the spin-2 bulk graviton that arise in warped extradimensional models. The limits set are in the range 9.74–0.29 fb and 4.94–0.19 fb for a narrow radion and a graviton, respectively, with masses between 1 and 3 TeV. For a radion and for a bulk graviton with widths 10% of their masses, the limits are in the range 12.5–0.35 fb and 8.23–0.23 fb, respectively, for the same masses. These limits result in the exclusion of a narrow-width graviton with a mass below 1.2 TeV, and of narrow and 10%-width radions with masses below 2.6, and 2.9 TeV, respectively.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Search for leptoquarks decaying into the bτ final state in pp collisions at $\sqrt{\textrm{s}}$ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for leptoquarks decaying into the $bτ$ final state is performed using Run 2 proton-proton collision data from the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb —1 at $\sqrt{\textrm{s}}$ = 13 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector. The benchmark models considered in this search are vector leptoquarks with electric charge of 2/3e and scalar leptoquarks with an electric charge of 4/3e. No significant excess above the Standard Model prediction is observed, and 95% confidence level upper limits are set on the cross-section times branching fraction of leptoquarks decaying into bτ. For the vector leptoquark production two models are considered: the Yang-Mills and Minimal coupling models. In the Yang-Mills (Minimal coupling) scenario, vector leptoquarks with a mass below 1.58 (1.35) TeV are excluded for a gauge coupling of 1.0 and below 2.05 (1.99) TeV for a gauge coupling of 2.5. In the case of scalar leptoquarks, masses below 1.28 (1.53) TeV are excluded for a Yukawa coupling of 1.0 (2.5). Finally, an interpretation of the results with minimal model dependence is performed for each of the signal region categories, and limits on the visible cross-section for beyond the Standard Model processes are provided.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Measurements of differential cross-sections in four-lepton events in 13 TeV proton-proton collisions with the ATLAS detector

Measurements of four-lepton differential and integrated fiducial cross-sections in events with two same-flavour, opposite-charge electron or muon pairs are presented. The data correspond to 139 fb -1 of $ \sqrt{s} $ = 13 TeV proton-proton collisions, collected by the ATLAS detector during Run 2 of the Large Hadron Collider (2015–2018). The final state has contributions from a number of interesting Standard Model processes that dominate in different four-lepton invariant mass regions, including single Z boson production, Higgs boson production and on-shell ZZ production, with a complex mix of interference terms, and possible contributions from physics beyond the Standard Model. The differential cross-sections include the four-lepton invariant mass inclusively, in slices of other kinematic variables, and in different lepton flavour categories. Also measured are dilepton invariant masses, transverse momenta, and angular correlation variables, in four regions of four-lepton invariant mass, each dominated by different processes. The measurements are corrected for detector effects and are compared with state-of-the-art Standard Model calculations, which are found to be consistent with the data. The Z → 4 ℓ branching fraction is extracted, giving a value of (4.41 ± 0.30) × 10 -6 . Constraints on effective field theory parameters and a model based on a spontaneously broken B – L gauge symmetry are also evaluated. Further reinterpretations can be performed with the provided information.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Froggatt-Nielsen meets the SMEFT

We study the matching of Froggatt-Nielsen theories of flavour onto the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT), upon integrating out a heavy Beyond-the-Standard-Model (BSM) scalar ‘flavon’ whose vacuum expectation value breaks an Abelian flavour symmetry at energies Λ FN well above the electroweak scale, Λ FN > Λ SM . We include matching contributions to the infrared d SM = 6 (Warsaw basis) SMEFT sourced from ultraviolet contact terms suppressed up to order 1/${\Lambda}_{\textrm{UV}}^2$ in the Froggatt-Nielsen Lagrangian, where Λ UV > Λ FN is an arbitrary ultraviolet scale where further unspecified BSM particles are dynamical. This includes tree-level (one-loop) ultraviolet diagrams with d FN = 6 (5) effective vertices. We first do so with a toy model, but then generalize our findings to arbitrary Frogatt-Nielsen charges. Our results indicate a rich and non-trivial signature of Froggatt-Nielsen theories on the (otherwise) model-independent operators of the SMEFT, and we briefly speculate on extending our analysis to broader classes of BSM flavour models, e.g. non-Abelian and/or gauged theories. We thus take an important step towards determining how to use rapidly developing theoretical and experimental SMEFT technologies to gain unambiguous insight into the SM’s longstanding fermion flavour puzzle.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Search for long-lived particles produced in association with a Z boson in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV

A search for long-lived particles (LLPs) produced in association with a Z boson is presented. The study is performed using data from proton-proton collisions with a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV recorded by the CMS experiment during 2016–2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 117 fb -1 . The LLPs are assumed to decay to a pair of standard model quarks that are identified as displaced jets within the CMS tracker system. Triggers and selections based on Z boson decays to electron or muon pairs improve the sensitivity to light LLPs (down to 15 GeV). This search provides sensitivity to beyond the standard model scenarios which predict LLPs produced in association with a Z boson. In particular, the results are interpreted in the context of exotic decays of the Higgs boson to a pair of scalar LLPs (H → SS). The Higgs boson decay branching fraction is constrained to values less than 6% for proper decay lengths of 10–100 mm and for LLP masses between 40 and 55 GeV. In the case of low-mass (≈ 15 GeV) scalar particles that subsequently decay to a pair of b quarks, the search is sensitive to branching fractions B(H → SS) < 20% for proper decay lengths of 10–50 mm. The use of associated production with a Z boson increases the sensitivity to low-mass LLPs of this analysis with respect to gluon fusion searches. In the case of 15 GeV scalar LLPs, the improvement corresponds to a factor of 2 at a proper decay length of 30 mm.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Global electroweak symmetric vacuum

Although the Higgs potential in the Standard Model (SM) contains only a simple electroweak symmetry breaking vacuum in the small field region, additional metastable or global vacua could exist in models beyond the SM. In this paper, we study one intriguing scenario with an additional electroweak symmetric vacuum that could be the global one. For the thermal universe ending at the current metastable vacuum, the electroweak symmetry should stay non-restored at high temperatures. We realize the scenario in a model with Higgs-portal couplings to SM singlet scalars with approximately global O(N) symmetries with a large N. For a large portion of model parameter space, both the quantum and thermal tunneling rates are suppressed such that our current metastable vacuum is long-lived enough. Our scenario predicts order-one changes for the Higgs self-couplings and a large contribution to the signal of the off-shell Higgs invisible decay. It can be partly probed at the LHC Run 3 and well tested at the high luminosity LHC. We also discuss the subcritical (anti-de Sitter) bubbles from the thermal tunneling that could have a large population and interesting cosmological implications.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

Hadronic contributions to (g - 2) µ

The Muon g-2 Experiment at Fermilab, which recently started running, plans to reduce the uncertain- ties on the already very precisely measured anomalous magnetic moment of the muon by a factor of four. The goal of this effort is to probe the observed difference of more than three standard deviations between Standard-Model theory and experiment, one of the few persistent hints for physics beyond the Standard Model. The Fermilab experiment collected data from their first run last year with statistics comparable to BNL E821. They expect to release the measurement result in 2019. On the theoretical side, because the muon g - 2 arises from quantum- mechanical loop contributions in the Standard Model, it is sensitive to virtual effects of new particles, and places important constraints on Standard-Model extensions. To leverage the anticipated reduction in experimental errors, and determine unambiguously whether or not new-physics effects contribute to this quantity, the theoretical errors must be made more reliable and reduced to a commensurate precision. The Muon g-2 Theory Initiative was created to facilitate this development. The dominant sources of uncertainty in the Standard-Model prediction of the muon g -2 are from the hadronic contributions. The hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP) provides the leading correction followed by hadronic light-by-light (HLbL) scattering. There are a number of complementary theoretical efforts underway to better understand and quantify these contributions, including dispersive and data driven methods, lattice QCD, and effective field theories. Given the precision goals and the phenomenological importance, it is important to have more than one independent method for each of the two hadronic corrections, each with fully quantified uncertainties. Fostering the development of such methods is a prime goal of the initiative, as this will enable critical cross checks, and, upon combination, may yield gains in precision, to maximize the impact of E989. An important aspect of the Muon g-2 Theory Initiative’s activities are providing platforms that facilitate interactions between the different groups, as well as between the theoretical and experimental g - 2 communities. To this end, several workshops were organized in 2017 and 2018. The first meeting, held at Fermilab (June 3–6, 2017, St. Charles, IL, USA), served to kick-off the Initiative’s activities. Two meetings in early 2018 were focused respectively on the HVP and HLbL corrections. The HVP meeting was held at KEK (February 12–14, 2018, Tsukuba, Japan) and the HLbL meeting at the University of Connecticut (March 12–14, 2018, Storrs, CT, USA). The most recent workshop, which served as the second plenary meeting of the Initiative, was held at the University of Mainz (June 18–22, 2018, Mainz, Germany). An important outcome of these meetings are concrete plans for a first white paper, which is currently being written. We aim to post the white paper just prior to the release of the first E989 measurement, to present a clean theoretical prediction. The first white paper is focused on assessing and improving the reliability of the SM prediction. The purpose of the INT workshop in September 2019 is to start the next stage of the Initiative, focusing on the development of strategies to improve the theory uncertainties beyond the current level towards the E989 precision goal. We aim to accelerate theoretical developments on the hadronic contributions to the muon g - 2 so that the Standard-Model theory error can be brought to the needed precision, again in advance of the next release from E989. Hence the workshop will provide crucial theory support for a US experiment with broad impact. The Muon g-2 Theory Initiative relies on input from representatives of all the different communities that are engaged in this effort. It is therefore important that all these areas are properly represented. The funds from this grant will be used to enable more people, especially early-career scientists, to participate and make essential contributions to the workshop discussions. Since the workshop’s main goal is to kick-off the next stage of the theory initiative’s activities, support for this workshop from the DOE will help the theory community provide crucial theoretical support to the Fermilab Muon g-2 Experiment.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Widen the resonance at ultra-high energies: novel probes of neutrino self-interactions in the high-mass regime

Neutrino self-interactions beyond the Standard Model are well motivated by the nonzero masses of neutrinos, which are the only known particles guaranteed to have new physics. Meanwhile, cosmic messengers, especially neutrinos, play a central role in probing new physics, as they provide experimental conditions far beyond the reach of laboratories and serve as the link between laboratory fundamental-physics discoveries and their roles in the Universe, where many new physics motivations originate.In this work, we propose a novel probe of neutrino self-interactions through ultrahigh-energy neutrinos scattering off the cosmic neutrino background when the lightest neutrino species remains relativistic today.This allows us to “Widen the Resonance” of such scattering [1].In addition, we also provide a semi-analytic framework for cosmogenic ultrahigh-energy neutrino production, avoiding computationally intensive simulations and yielding results precise enough for beyond-the-standard-model studies.The widened resonance enables future ultrahigh-energy neutrino telescopes,in particular GRAND, to probe mediator masses from MeV to GeV, reaching couplings down to g ∼ 10$^{-3}$ — up to two orders of magnitude beyond current bounds.Our results enhance the discovery potential of neutrino self-interactions in the high-mass regime, potentially offering crucial insights into the connections between the neutrino sector and dark sector.

Machado, Pedro A.N. [Fermilab] (ORCID:000000029118↗