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At least 199 records · Page 11
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Anisotropic 2D excitons unveiled in organic-inorganic quantum wells

Here we report that two-dimensional (2D) excitons arise from electron-hole confinement along one spatial dimension. Such excitations are often described in terms of Frenkel or Wannier limits according to the degree of exciton spatial localization and the surrounding dielectric environment. In hybrid material systems, such as the 2D perovskites, the complex underlying interactions lead to excitons of an intermediate nature, whose description lies somewhere between the two limits, and a better physical description is needed. Here, we explore the photophysics of a tuneable materials platform where covalently bonded metal-chalcogenide layers are spaced by organic ligands that provide confinement barriers for charge carriers in the inorganic layer. We consider self-assembled, layered bulk silver benzeneselenolate, [AgSePh] ∞ , and use a combination of transient absorption spectroscopy and ab initio GW plus Bethe-Salpeter equation calculations. We demonstrate that in this non-polar dielectric environment, strongly anisotropic excitons dominate the optical transitions of [AgSePh] ∞ . We find that the transient absorption measurements at room temperature can be understood in terms of low-lying excitons confined to the AgSe planes with in-plane anisotropy, featuring anisotropic absorption and emission. Finally, we present a pathway to control the exciton behaviour by changing the chalcogen in the material lattice. Our studies unveil unexpected excitonic anisotropies in an unexplored class of tuneable, yet air-stable, hybrid quantum wells, offering design principles for the engineering of an ordered, yet complex dielectric environment and its effect on the excitonic phenomena in such emerging materials.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Anisotropic colloidal interactions & assembly in AC electric fields

In this work, we match experimental and simulated configurations of anisotropic epoxy colloidal particles in high frequency AC electric fields by identifying analytical potentials for dipole-field and dipole-dipole interactions. We report an inverse Monte Carlo simulation algorithm to determine optimal fits of analytical potentials by matching simulated and experimental distribution functions for non-uniform liquid, liquid crystal, and crystal microstructures in varying amplitude electric fields. Two potentials that include accurate particle volume and dimensions along with a concentration dependent prefactor quantitatively capture experimental observations. At low concentrations, an effective ellipsoidal point dipole potential works well, whereas a novel stretched point dipole potential is found to be suitable at all concentrations, field amplitudes, and degrees of ordering. The simplicity, accuracy, and adjustability of the stretched point dipole potential suggest it can be applied to model field mediated microstructures and assembly of systematically varying anisotropic particle shapes.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2026

MAPS: the MFEM Anisotropic Plasma Solver

Simulating magnetically confined fusion plasmas presents a uniquely challenging problem due to the nonlinear anisotropic heat conduction. We introduce the MAPS (MFEM Anisotropic Plasma Solver) tool, which uses a high-order finite element method to compute transport solutions on unstructured meshes. We show results for a set of three 2-D verification tests, two of which demonstrate the expected convergence properties for various mesh resolutions and polynomial degrees. We then discuss the convergence rate for the third test.

Barnett, Rhea [ORNL] (ORCID:0000000317527979)↗
DOE OSTI2022

Vapor deposition rate modifies anisotropic glassy structure of an anthracene-based organic semiconductor

We control the anisotropic molecular packing of vapor-deposited glasses of ABH113, a deuterated anthracene derivative with promise for future organic light emitting diode materials, by changing the deposition rate and substrate temperature at which they are prepared. We find that at substrate temperatures from 0.65 T g to 0.92 T g , the deposition rate significantly modifies the orientational order in the vapor-deposited glasses as characterized by x-ray scattering and birefringence. Both measures of anisotropic order can be described by a single deposition rate–substrate temperature superposition (RTS). This supports the applicability of the surface equilibration mechanism and generalizes the RTS principle from previous model systems with liquid crystalline order to non-mesogenic organic semiconductors. We find that vapordeposited glasses of ABH113 have significantly enhanced density and thermal stability compared to their counterparts prepared by liquidcooling. For organic semiconductors, the results of this study provide an efficient guide for using the deposition rate to prepare stable glasses with controlled molecular packing.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2022

3ω techniques for measurement of volumetric heat capacity and anisotropic thermal conductivity of a solution processable, hybrid organic/inorganic film, Te-PEDOT:PSS

We report that measuring the thermal properties of anisotropic films of hybrid materials poses a challenge to existing metrology techniques. We have developed a new approach for measuring the volumetric heat capacity and anisotropic thermal conductivity of these systems using the 3ω method. While there exist many avenues for measuring the thermal properties of thin films, most carry with them difficult requirements such as smooth surfaces or advanced lithography. Here, we present measurements of a film's in-plane and cross-plane conductance and its volumetric heat capacity using relatively simple sample configurations, each requiring a single heater. For the measurement of volumetric heat capacity, we present a new model fitting method, relying on a standard film-on-substrate configuration. For the measurement of in-plane thermal conductance by 3ω, we have developed the use of an embedded micro-wire heater in suspended drop cast films, allowing for a 12 μm wide heater without the need for advanced lithography. We also expose the surprisingly significant effect of thermal radiation in the suspended film measurement and its associated error. Our measurements reveal a large anisotropy in the thermal conductivity of our test material, Te-PEDOT:PSS, of k in-plane / k cross-plane = 19, consistent with the nanoscale morphology of the material.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Effect of anisotropic thermal transport on tearing mode stability in negative versus positive triangularity plasmas

The combined effects of anisotropic thermal transport and the plasma shaping, including negative triangularity, on the n = 1 (n is the toroidal mode number) tearing mode (TM) stability are numerically investigated utilizing the MARS-F code [Liu et al., Phys. Plasmas 7, 3681–3690 (2000)]. While varying the plasma boundary triangularity, the TM stability is found to be dictated by the competing effects of the Shafranov shift induced stabilization and the bad-curvature induced destabilization. The negative triangularity shape increases the Shafranov shift (stabilizing) in the plasma core but also enlarges bad-curvature regions (destabilizing) near the plasma edge, with the net effect being largely destabilizing for the TM as compared to the positive triangularity counter-part. Large negative triangularity however can also lead to more stabilization for the plasma core-localized TM. Anisotropic thermal transport reduces the stabilizing effect on the TM associated with the favorable averaged curvature, resulting in more unstable core-localized TMs in both negative and positive triangularity plasmas. But the opposite effect can also take place for the edge-localized TM in finite-pressure plasmas with negative triangularity.

Physics↗
DOE OSTI2025

Bayesian inference of anisotropic 2D small-angle scattering from sparse measurement

Here, we present a Bayesian inference framework for reconstructing anisotropic two-dimensional small-angle scattering (2D SAS) patterns from sparse, noisy, or partially missing data. The method combines a symmetry-aware angular basis with radial Gaussian process priors to enable accurate, training-free interpolation and denoising. Computational benchmarks demonstrate reliable recovery of both isotropic and high-order anisotropic features under severe data reduction. Experimental validations on stretched polymers, sheared wormlike micelles, and carbon fibers show improved fidelity and resolution compared to raw measurements, achieving comparable accuracy with up to 50-fold fewer detected neutrons. This approach enables quantitative structural analysis under low-flux, time-limited, or single-shot conditions, extending the applicability of 2D SAS techniques to compact neutron sources and mechanically driven soft matter systems undergoing transient structural changes.

Tung, Chi-Huan [Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORN↗
DOE OSTI2023

Inertial and anisotropic pressure effects on cross-field electron transport in low-temperature magnetized plasmas

In this paper, a one-dimensional (1D) particle-in-cell Monte Carlo collision (PIC-MCC) model is developed to investigate the effects of anisotropic pressure and inertial terms due to non-Maxwellian velocity distribution functions on cross-field electron transport. The conservation of momentum is evaluated by taking the moments of the first-principles gas-kinetic equation. A steady-state discharge is obtained without any low-frequency ionization oscillations by considering an anomalous electron scattering profile. Further, the results obtained from the 1D PIC-MCC model are compared with fluid models, including the quasi-neutral drift-diffusion (DD), non-neutral DD, and full fluid moment models. The discharge current obtained from the PIC-MCC model is in good agreement with the fluid models. The cross-field electron transport due to the inertial terms, i.e. the gradient of axial and azimuthal drift, is evaluated. Moreover, PIC-MCC simulation results show non-zero, anisotropic, off-diagonal pressure tensor terms due to asymmetric non-Maxwellian electron velocity distribution function, potentially contributing to cross-field electron transport.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

The impact of anisotropic redshift distributions on angular clustering

A leading way to constrain physical theories from cosmological observations is to test their predictions for the angular clustering statistics of matter tracers, a technique that is set to become ever more central with the next generation of large imaging surveys. Interpretation of this clustering requires knowledge of the projection kernel, or the redshift distribution of the sources, and the typical assumption is an isotropic redshift distribution for the objects. However, variations in the kernel are expected across the survey footprint due to photometric variations and residual observational systematic effects. Here, we develop the formalism for anisotropic projection and present several limiting cases that elucidate the key aspects. We quantify the impact of anisotropies in the redshift distribution on a general class of angular two-point statistics. In particular, we identify a mode-coupling effect that can add power to auto-correlations, including galaxy clustering and cosmic shear, and remove it from certain cross-correlations. If the projection anisotropy is primarily at large scales, the mode-coupling depends upon its variance as a function of redshift; furthermore, it is often of similar shape to the signal. In contrast, the cross-correlation of a field whose selection function is anisotropic with another one featuring no such variations — such as CMB lensing — is immune to these effects. We discuss explicitly several special cases of the general formalism including galaxy clustering, galaxy-galaxy lensing, cosmic shear and cross-correlations with CMB lensing, and publicly release a code to compute the biases.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Effect of anisotropic fast ions on internal kink stability in DIII-D negative and positive triangularity plasmas

Recent DIII-D experiments show that sawtooth stability is strongly affected by anisotropic fast ions from neutral beam injection (NBI) in both negative and positive triangularity plasmas. Fast ions from co-current NBI are stabilizing for the sawtooth stability, resulting in longer sawtooth periods. On the other hand, fast ions from counter-current NBI are destabilizing, leading to small and frequent sawteeth. The relative change of sawtooth period and amplitude is more than a factor of two. These observations appear to hold in both plasma shapes. Non-perturbative toroidal modeling, utilizing the magnetohydrodynamic-kinetic hybrid stability code MARS-K (Liu et al 2008 Phys. Plasmas 15 112503), reveals an asymmetric dependence of the stability of the n = 1 (n is the toroidal mode number) internal kink mode on the injection direction of NBI, being qualitatively consistent with the experimentally observed sawtooth behavior. The MARS-K modeling results suggest that anisotropic fast ions affect the mode growth rate and frequency through both adiabatic and non-adiabatic contributions. Here, the asymmetry of the internal kink mode instability relative to the NBI direction is mainly due to the non-adiabatic contribution of passing fast ions, which stabilize (destabilize) the internal kink with the co-(counter-) current NBI as compared to the fluid counterpart. However, finite orbit width (FOW) correction to passing particles partially cancels the asymmetry. Trapped particles are always stabilizing due to precessional drift resonance. Modeling also shows that fast ions affect the internal kink in a similar manner in both negative and positive triangularity plasmas, although being slightly more unstable in the negative triangularity configuration already in the fluid limit. The similarity is mainly attributed to the fact that the mode is localized in the plasma core region, with very similar eigenmode structures in both negative and positive configurations. Furthermore, MARS-K modeling indicates that other factors, such as the plasma rotation and the drift kinetic effects of thermal plasmas, weakly modify the mode stability as compared to the drift kinetic resonance effects and FOW correction of fast ions.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Cluster cosmology with anisotropic boosts: validation of a novel forward modelling analysis and application on SDSS redMaPPer clusters

We present a novel analysis for cluster cosmology that fully forward models the abundances, weak lensing, and the clustering of galaxy clusters. Our analysis notably includes an empirical model for the anisotropic boosts impacting the lensing and clustering signals of optical clusters. These boosts arise from a preferential selection of clusters surrounded by anisotropic large-scale structure, a consequence of the limited discrimination between line-of-sight interlopers and true cluster members offered by photometric surveys. We validate our analysis via a blind cosmology challenge on mocks, and find that we can obtain tight and unbiased cosmological constraints without informative priors or external calibrations on any of our model parameters. We then apply our analysis on the SDSS redMaPPer clusters, and find results favoring low Ωm and high σ8, combining to yield the lensing strength constraint $S_8 = 0.715_{-0.021}^{+0.024}$. We investigate potential drivers behind these results through a series of post-unblinding tests, noting that our results are consistent with existing cluster cosmology constraints but clearly inconsistent with other CMB/LSS based cosmology results. From these tests, we find hints that a suppression in the cluster lensing signal may be driving our results.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

First test of the consistency relation for the large-scale structure using the anisotropic three-point correlation function of BOSS DR12 galaxies

ABSTRACT We present, for the first time, an observational test of the consistency relation for the large-scale structure (LSS) of the Universe through a joint analysis of the anisotropic two- and three-point correlation functions (2PCF and 3PCF) of galaxies. We parameterize the breakdown of the LSS consistency relation in the squeezed limit by Es, which represents the ratio of the coefficients of the shift terms in the second-order density and velocity fluctuations. Es ≠ 1 is a sufficient condition under which the LSS consistency relation is violated. A novel aspect of this work is that we constrain Es by obtaining information about the non-linear velocity field from the quadrupole component of the 3PCF without taking the squeezed limit. Using the galaxy catalogues in the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) Data Release 12, we obtain $E_{\rm s} = -0.92_{-3.26}^{+3.13}$, indicating that there is no violation of the LSS consistency relation in our analysis within the statistical errors. Our parameterization is general enough that our constraint can be applied to a wide range of theories, such as multicomponent fluids, modified gravity theories, and their associated galaxy bias effects. Our analysis opens a new observational window to test the fundamental physics using the anisotropic higher-order correlation functions of galaxy clustering.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Anisotropic light-tailored RKKY interaction in two-dimensional 𝑑-wave altermagnets

Altermagnets are known in spintronics for their intrinsic spin-splitting and unconventional magnetic responses, particularly to magnetic impurities. However, effectively controlling the magnetic exchange interactions in altermagnets is challenging for practical applications. Here, in this work, we propose using circularly polarized light to tune the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) interaction in two-dimensional 𝑑-wave altermagnets. Using the real-space retarded Green's functions approach, our results show that while the Heisenberg and Ising exchanges dominate, a notable Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya (DM) interaction also plays a key role. Furthermore, the inherent strength of altermagnetism imprints chirp-like signatures into the magnetic responses, which can be dynamically tuned via light. We mainly demonstrate that gate-induced Rashba spin-orbit coupling is essential in response to light—light selectively and anisotropically adjusts the DM interaction without affecting the other exchanges. Our findings further indicate that rotating the altermagnet by 45° relative to the light's polarization direction generates a Dirac-like dispersion and different DM interactions. We finally extract critical thresholds where light reverses DM interactions along one axis or balances both in-plane components. The anisotropic light-driven control of RKKY interactions in altermagnets not only highlights their unique properties but also opens new avenues for engineering tailored magnetic characteristics in spintronic applications.

altermagnetism↗
DOE OSTI2020

Rotational transition, domain formation, dislocations, and defects in vortex systems with combined sixfold and twelvefold anisotropic interactions

We introduce a phenomenological model for a pairwise repulsive interaction potential of vortices in a type-II superconductor, consisting of superimposed sixfold and twelvefold anisotropies. Using numerical simulations we study how the vortex lattice configuration varies as the magnitudes of the two anisotropic interaction terms change. A triangular lattice appears for all values, and rotates through 30 ° as the ratio of the sixfold and twlevefold anisotropy amplitudes is varied, in agreement with experimental results. The transition causes the vortex lattice to split into domains that have rotated clockwise or counterclockwise, with grain boundaries that are “decorated” by dislocations consisting of fivefold and sevenfold coordinated vortices. We also find intradomain dislocations and defects, and characterize them in terms of their energy cost. We discuss how this model could be generalized to other particle-based systems with anisotropic interactions, such as colloids, and consider the limit of very large anisotropy where it is possible to create cluster crystal states.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2020

Anisotropic magnetocaloric effect and critical behavior in CrSbSe3

In this work, we report anisotropic magnetocaloric effect and critical behavior in a quasi-one-dimensional ferromagnetic CrSbSe 3 single crystal. The maximum magnetic entropy change - Δ S M max is 2.16 J kg - 1 K - 1 for the easy a axis (2.03 J kg - 1 K - 1 for the hard b axis) and the relative cooling power RCP is 163.1 J kg - 1 for the easy a axis (142.1 J kg - 1 for the hard b axis) near T c with a magnetic field change of 50 kOe. The magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant K u is estimated to be 148.5 kJ m - 3 at 10 K, decreasing to 39.4 kJ m - 3 at 70 K. The rescaled Δ S M ( T , H ) curves along all three axes collapse onto a universal curve, respectively, confirming the second-order ferromagnetic transition. Further critical behavior analysis around T c ~ 70 K gives that the critical exponents β = 0.26 ( 1 ) , γ = 1.32 ( 2 ) , and δ = 6.17 ( 9 ) for H ∥ a , while β = 0.28 ( 2 ) , γ = 1.02 ( 1 ) , and δ = 4.14 ( 16 ) for H ∥ b . The determined critical exponents suggest that the anisotropic magnetic coupling in CrSbSe 3 is strongly dependent on orientations of the applied magnetic field.

2-dimensional systems↗
DOE OSTI2020

Stable Higgs mode in anisotropic quantum magnets

Low-energy excitations associated with the amplitude fluctuation of an order parameter in condensed-matter systems can mimic the Higgs boson, an elementary particle in the standard model, and are dubbed as Higgs modes. Identifying the condensed-matter Higgs mode is challenging because it is known in many cases to decay rapidly into other low-energy bosonic modes, which renders the Higgs mode invisible. Therefore, it is desirable to find a way to stabilize the Higgs mode, which can offer an insight into the stabilization mechanism of the Higgs mode in condensed-matter physics. In quantum magnets, magnetic order caused by spontaneous symmetry breaking supports transverse (magnons) and longitudinal (Higgs modes) fluctuations. Additionally, when a continuous symmetry is broken, the Goldstone magnon mode generally has an excitation energy lower than that of the Higgs mode, causing a rapid decay of the latter. In this work, we show that a stable Higgs mode exists in anisotropic quantum magnets near the quantum critical point between the dimerized and magnetically ordered phases. We find that an easy axis anisotropy increases the magnon gap such that the magnon mode is above the Higgs mode near the quantum critical point, and the decay of the Higgs mode into the magnon mode is forbidden kinematically. Our results suggest that the anisotropic quantum magnets provide ideal platforms to explore the Higgs physics in condensed-matter systems.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Magnetic field dependence of low-energy magnons, anisotropic heat conduction, and spontaneous relaxation of magnetic domains in the cubic helimagnet ZnCr 2 Se 4

Here, anisotropic low-temperature properties of the cubic spinel helimagnet ZnCr 2 Se 4 in the single-domain spin-spiral state are investigated by a combination of neutron scattering, thermal conductivity, ultrasound velocity, and dilatometry measurements. In an applied magnetic field, neutron spectroscopy shows a complex and nonmonotonic evolution of the spin-wave spectrum across the quantum-critical point that separates the spin-spiral phase from the field-polarized ferromagnetic phase at high fields. A tiny spin gap of the pseudo-Goldstone magnon mode, observed at wave vectors that are structurally equivalent but orthogonal to the propagation vector of the spin helix, vanishes at this quantum critical point, restoring the cubic symmetry in the magnetic subsystem. The anisotropy imposed by the spin helix has only a minor influence on the lattice structure and sound velocity but has a much stronger effect on the heat conductivities measured parallel and perpendicular to the magnetic propagation vector. The thermal transport is anisotropic at T≲ 2K, highly sensitive to an external magnetic field, and likely results directly from magnonic heat conduction. We also report long-time thermal relaxation phenomena, revealed by capacitive dilatometry, which are due to magnetic domain motion related to the destruction of the single-domain magnetic state, initially stabilized in the sample by the application and removal of magnetic field. Our results can be generalized to a broad class of helimagnetic materials in which a discrete lattice symmetry is spontaneously broken by the magnetic order.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Origins of anisotropic transport in the electrically switchable antiferromagnet Fe 1/3 NbS 2

Recent experiments on the antiferromagnetic intercalated transition metal dichalcogenide Fe 1/3 NbS 2 have demonstrated reversible resistivity switching by application of orthogonal current pulses below its magnetic ordering temperature, making Fe 1/3 NbS 2 promising for spintronics applications. Here, we perform density functional theory calculations with Hubbard U corrections of the magnetic order, electronic structure, and transport properties of crystalline Fe 1/3 NbS 2 , clarifying the origin of the different resistance states. The two experimentally proposed antiferromagnetic ground states, corresponding to in-plane stripe and zigzag ordering, are computed to be nearly degenerate. In-plane cross sections of the calculated Fermi surfaces are anisotropic for both magnetic orderings, with the degree of anisotropy sensitive to the Hubbard U value. The in-plane resistance, computed within the Kubo linear response formalism using a constant relaxation time approximation, is also anisotropic, supporting a hypothesis that the current-induced resistance changes are due to a repopulating of antiferromagnetic domains. Our calculations indicate that the transport anisotropy of Fe 1/3 NbS 2 in the zigzag phase is reduced relative to stripe, consistent with the relative magnitudes of resistivity changes in experiment. Finally, our calculations reveal the likely directionality of the current-domain response, specifically, which domains are energetically stabilized for a given current direction.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗