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DOE OSTI2022

Pseudonymized User-Perspective Summit Login Node Data for 2020 and 2021

This dataset contains hourly snapshot data from each of the 5 login nodes of the Summit supercomputer at Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF) over a period of 2 years, starting January 2020 and ending after December 2021. The snapshots include lists of currently logged-in users, CPU and memory usage, status of users' batch jobs, and disk usage statistics. Usernames, project identifiers, and file paths have been pseudonymized in order to allow studies of user behavior without divulging Personally Identifiable Information (PII).

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

NASA NTRS1986

Off-line processing of ERS-1 synthetic aperture radar data with high precision and high throughput

The first European remote sensing satellite ERS-1 will be launched by the European Space Agency (ESA) in 1989. The expected lifetime is two to three years. The spacecraft sensors will primarily support ocean investigations and to a limited extent also land applications. Prime sensor is the Active Microwave Instrumentation (AMI) operating in C-Band either as Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) or as Wave-Scatterometer and simultaneously as Wind-Scatterometer. In Europe there will be two distinct types of processing for ERS-1 SAR data, Fast Delivery Processing and Precision Processing. Fast Delivery Proceessing will be carried out at the ground stations and up to three Fast Delivery products per pass will be delivered to end users via satellite within three hours after data acquisition. Precision Processing will be carried out in delayed time and products will not be generated until several days or weeks after data acquisition. However, a wide range of products will be generated by several Processing and Archiving Facilities (PAF) in a joint effort coordinated by ESA. The German Remote Sensing Data Center (Deutsches Fernerkundungsdatenzentrum DFD) will develop and operate one of these facilities. The related activities include the acquisition, processing and evaluation of such data for scientific, public and commercial users. Based on this experience the German Remote Sensing Data Center is presently performing a Phase-B study regarding the development of a SAR processor for ERS-1. The conceptual design of this processing facility is briefly outlined.

Gredel, J.↗

DOE OSTI2019

DataFed: Towards Reproducible Research via Federated Data Management

The increasingly collaborative, globalized nature of scientific research combined with the need to share data and the explosion in data volumes present an urgent need for a scientific data management system (SDMS). An SDMS presents a logical and holistic view of data that greatly simplifies and empowers data organization, curation, searching, sharing, dissemination, etc. We present DataFed - a lightweight, distributed SDMS that spans a federation of storage systems within a loosely-coupled network of scientific facilities. Unlike existing SDMS offerings, DataFed uses high-performance and scalable user management and data transfer technologies that simplify deployment, maintenance, and expansion of DataFed. DataFed provides web-based and command-line interfaces to manage data and integrate with complex scientific workflows. DataFed represents a step towards reproducible scientific research by enabling reliable staging of the correct data at the desired environment.

Stansberry, Dale↗

DOE OSTI2012

Monte Carlo-based treatment planning system calculation engine for microbeam radiation therapy

Purpose: Microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) is a synchrotron radiotherapy technique that explores the limits of the dose-volume effect. Preclinical studies have shown that MRT irradiations (arrays of 25-75-{mu}m-wide microbeams spaced by 200-400 {mu}m) are able to eradicate highly aggressive animal tumor models while healthy tissue is preserved. These promising results have provided the basis for the forthcoming clinical trials at the ID17 Biomedical Beamline of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF). The first step includes irradiation of pets (cats and dogs) as a milestone before treatment of human patients. Within this context, accurate dose calculations are required. The distinct features of both beam generation and irradiation geometry in MRT with respect to conventional techniques require the development of a specific MRT treatment planning system (TPS). In particular, a Monte Carlo (MC)-based calculation engine for the MRT TPS has been developed in this work. Experimental verification in heterogeneous phantoms and optimization of the computation time have also been performed. Methods: The penelope/penEasy MC code was used to compute dose distributions from a realistic beam source model. Experimental verification was carried out by means of radiochromic films placed within heterogeneous slab-phantoms. Once validation was completed, dose computations in a virtual model of a patient, reconstructed from computed tomography (CT) images, were performed. To this end, decoupling of the CT image voxel grid (a few cubic millimeter volume) to the dose bin grid, which has micrometer dimensions in the transversal direction of the microbeams, was performed. Optimization of the simulation parameters, the use of variance-reduction (VR) techniques, and other methods, such as the parallelization of the simulations, were applied in order to speed up the dose computation. Results: Good agreement between MC simulations and experimental results was achieved, even at the interfaces between two different media. Optimization of the simulation parameters and the use of VR techniques saved a significant amount of computation time. Finally, parallelization of the simulations improved even further the calculation time, which reached 1 day for a typical irradiation case envisaged in the forthcoming clinical trials in MRT. An example of MRT treatment in a dog's head is presented, showing the performance of the calculation engine. Conclusions: The development of the first MC-based calculation engine for the future TPS devoted to MRT has been accomplished. This will constitute an essential tool for the future clinical trials on pets at the ESRF. The MC engine is able to calculate dose distributions in micrometer-sized bins in complex voxelized CT structures in a reasonable amount of time. Minimization of the computation time by using several approaches has led to timings that are adequate for pet radiotherapy at synchrotron facilities. The next step will consist in its integration into a user-friendly graphical front-end.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗

DOE OSTI2016

Facility Detection and Popularity Assessment from Text Classification of Social Media and Crowdsourced Data

Advances in technology have continually progressed our understanding of where people are, how they use the environment around them, and why they are at their current location. Having a better knowledge of when various locations become popular through space and time could have large impacts on research fields like urban dynamics and energy consumption. In this paper, we discuss the ability to identify and locate various facility types (e.g. restaurant, airport, stadiums) using social media, and assess methods in determining when these facilities become popular over time. We use natural language processing tools and machine learning classifiers to interpret geotagged Twitter text and determine if a user is seemingly at a location of interest when the tweet was sent. On average our classifiers are approximately 85% accurate varying across multiple facility types, with a peak precision of 98%. By using these methods to classify unstructured text, geotagged social media data can be an extremely useful tool to better understanding the composition of places and how and when people use them.

crowd-sourced data↗

DOE OSTI2025

FRIB operations: first three years

During the first three years since May 2022, FRIB has been operating safely meeting expectations of both scientific and industrial users with high machine availability, while ramping up the beam power to 20 kW for heavy ions including uranium. The paper summarizes the operational experience and challenges, accelerator improvement projects, expansions in user stations, accelerator R&D and workforce growth programs, and preparation for facility upgrades.

Wei, Jie [Michigan State U.]↗

DOE OSTI2012

Electron Microscopy Laboratory MST-6: Instruments and Capabilities [Slides]

The Electron Microscopy Laboratory (EML) is a lab-wide facility, overseen by MST-6, that is available for use by qualified users. In FY12 the EML service contract costs were covered by funds from LDRD, BES, NE and other programs. Users can be trained to use the equipment independently or work collaboratively with other trained users or EML staff. Users are charged for the labor portion of their training. Most electron microscopy is done by staff or post-docs but some students are performing microscopy, particularly SEM. In the Materials Science Complex (MSC), there are two optical microscopes, two scanning electron microscopes (SEM’s), a SEM/ FIB (a SEM with a focused ion beam (FIB) column added), three transmission electron microscopes (TEM’s) and sample preparation equipment.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2015

Design and Evaluation of a Clock Multiplexing Circuit for the SSRL Booster Accelerator Timing System (Final Paper)

SPEAR3 is a 234 m circular storage ring at SLAC’s synchrotron radiation facility (SSRL) in which a 3 GeV electron beam is stored for user access. Typically the electron beam decays with a time constant of approximately 10hr due to electron lose. In order to replenish the lost electrons, a booster synchrotron is used to accelerate fresh electrons up to 3GeV for injection into SPEAR3. In order to maintain a constant electron beam current of 500mA, the injection process occurs at 5 minute intervals. At these times the booster synchrotron accelerates electrons for injection at a 10Hz rate. A 10Hz 'injection ready' clock pulse train is generated when the booster synchrotron is operating. Between injection intervals-where the booster is not running and hence the 10 Hz ‘injection ready’ signal is not present-a 10Hz clock is derived from the power line supplied by Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E) to keep track of the injection timing. For this project I constructed a multiplexing circuit to 'switch' between the booster synchrotron 'injection ready' clock signal and PG&E based clock signal. The circuit uses digital IC components and is capable of making glitch-free transitions between the two clocks. This report details construction of a prototype multiplexing circuit including test results and suggests improvement opportunities for the final design.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

DOE OSTI2015

Design and Evaluation of a Clock Multiplexing Circuit for the SSRL Booster Accelerator Timing System - Oral Presentation [Slides]

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

DOE OSTI2021

ARM FY2021 Radar Plan

The fundamental objective of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) radar facility is to provide high-quality radar observations to the scientific user community with an overarching goal of improving the treatment of clouds and precipitation in climate models. ARM has a complement of 32 scanning and zenith pointing radars, not including the radar wind profilers. This large number of radars and deployment locales require an enormous commitment of effort to keep operational. It has been the experience in ARM that all these radars cannot be always operated at a high level, and priorities need to be developed to properly manage operations every fiscal year. This document provides an overview of the FY20 activities and documents the priorities for FY21.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2021

ARM FY2022 Radar Plan

The fundamental objective of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) radar facility is to provide high-quality radar observations to the scientific user community with an overarching goal of improving the treatment of clouds and precipitation in climate models. ARM has a complement of 32 radars, including scanning and zenith pointing varieties (Table 1). The effort to maintain and operate these radars is significant and requires a large, distributed staffing commitment. However, at available staffing levels, ARM’s experience dictates that it is not feasible to ensure the continuous, high-level operations expected by the ARM user community for all radars at all locations at all times. Therefore, priorities must be established to routinely manage select radar operations every fiscal year.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

NASA NTRS1974

LST: The National Space Observatory concept - An observatory for future astronomer involvement in planning and use

The Large Space Telescope (LST) will be a unique facility which must be designed to serve the needs of all potential users throughout the world. This requires that a representative group of astronomers work intimately with the engineers in the early design of the telescope and that astronomers continue to be closely involved in the planning throughout the life of the project. Forty scientists are now defining the auxiliary instruments and their operation. Later, others will build instruments and participate in assigning observing time on the telescope, on the basis of the scientific merit of the proposed observation.

Roman, N. G.↗

NASA NTRS1976

PPP effectiveness study

This design note presents a study of the Procedures and Performance Program (PPP) effectiveness. The intent of the study is to determine manpower time savings and the improvements in job performance gained through PPP automated techniques. The discussion presents a synopsis of PPP capabilities and identifies potential users and associated applications, PPP effectiveness, and PPP applications to other simulation/training facilities. Appendix A provides a detailed description of each PPP capability.

Arbet, J. D.↗

NASA NTRS1984

Data base management: MSTRAC (keynote paper), part 8

Technical Aspects of MST radars were discussed. The name of the group is MST Radar Coordination (MSTRAC). The geophysical parameters to be included in the sample data tapes were determined. It was suggested that MSTRAC compile a catalog of existing data at each of the facilities. It is found that: (1) there is a community of interested users for MST data; (2) the initial responses from observatories indicates that interest in MSTRAC is not overwhelming, probably because of time involved; and (3) the program needs reassessment.

Avery, S. K.↗

NASA NTRS1988

Connectivity is the key

Connectivity that would allow users at home to interact with an experiment in space and with facilities and services worldwide is a primary goal of the international Space Station program. The systems supporting such connectivity, including the Space Station Information System, the Technical and Management Information System, and the Software Support Environment, are discussed here. The primary purposes of each system and their operational data are addressed.

Hall, Dana L.↗

NASA NTRS1988

Astronomy and astrophysics with the Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility

The optics and instruments of the Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF) are described. The instrument capabilities are reviewed so that potential users of AXAF may plan supporting research in the years prior to launch. The AXAF is to be built around a large-area high-resolution grazing-incidence X-ray telescope, with a complement of imaging and spectroscopic instruments which can be maintained and/or replaced in orbit. An important feature of the AXAF is the aspect system. It utilizes solid state star cameras and fiducial lights to permit both image reconstruction (on the ground) with minimal blurring due to spacecraft and internal motions, and placement of the X-ray image on the sky to an accuracy of 1 arcsec.

Weisskopf, Martin C.↗

NASA NTRS1992

A step towards space-station user operations - An operational test-bed

A joint ESA/NASA project for researching and evaluating various remote payload operations for Space Station Freedom, using the ATLAS-1 Solar Constant (SOLCON) experiment as a representative payload and the MSFC Payload Operations Center (POCC) command and telemetry system as the base operations system, is described. A basic remote-user-center capability is to be implemented within the Columbus Crew Workstation facility at ESTEC in Noordwijk (NL), to demonstrate the ability to monitor real-time payload operations remotely and allow some command and control functions through the MSFC POCC. After the test-bed system is demonstrated for SOLCON, it is proposed to improve the capability and make it a standard service for Spacelab operations. This paper discusses POCC telemetry, command, and operations issues, NASA communications issues, SOLCON experiment-specific issues, NASA/ESA procedural issues, and system verification issues relating to the project.

Biddis, G. T.↗

NASA NTRS1992

An expert system shell for inferring vegetation characteristics: The learning system (tasks C and D)

This report describes the implementation of a learning system that uses a data base of historical cover type reflectance data taken at different solar zenith angles and wavelengths to learn class descriptions of classes of cover types. It has been integrated with the VEG system and requires that the VEG system be loaded to operate. VEG is the NASA VEGetation workbench - an expert system for inferring vegetation characteristics from reflectance data. The learning system provides three basic options. Using option one, the system learns class descriptions of one or more classes. Using option two, the system learns class descriptions of one or more classes and then uses the learned classes to classify an unknown sample. Using option three, the user can test the system's classification performance. The learning system can also be run in an automatic mode. In this mode, options two and three are executed on each sample from an input file. The system was developed using KEE. It is menu driven and contains a sophisticated window and mouse driven interface which guides the user through various computations. Input and output file management and data formatting facilities are also provided.

Harrison, P. Ann↗

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