Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “Quantum Optimization”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,801 records · Page 100

Preparation of the SU(3) lattice Yang-Mills vacuum with variational quantum methods

Studying QCD and other gauge theories on quantum hardware requires the preparation of physically interesting states. The variational quantum eigensolver provides a way of performing vacuum state preparation on quantum hardware. Here in this work, variational quantum eigensolver is applied to pure SU(3) lattice Yang-Mills on a single plaquette and one dimensional plaquette chains. Bayesian optimization and gradient descent were investigated for performing the classical optimization. Ansatz states for plaquette chains are constructed in a scalable manner from smaller systems using domain decomposition and a stitching procedure analogous to the density matrix renormalization group. Small examples are performed on IBM’s superconducting Manila processor.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Solving Large‐Scale Linear Systems of Equations by a Quantum Hybrid Algorithm

Abstract Today's intermediate‐scale quantum computers, although imperfect, already perform computational tasks that are manifestly beyond the capabilities of modern classical supercomputers. However, so far, quantum‐enabled large‐scale solutions have been realized only for limited set of problems. Here a hybrid algorithm based on phase estimation and classical optimization of the circuit width and depth is employed for solving a specific class of large linear systems of equations ubiquitous to many areas of science and engineering. A classification of linear systems based on the entanglement properties of the associated phase‐estimation unitary operation is introduced, enabling a highly efficient search for solutions that is facilitated by a straightforward matrix‐to‐circuit map. A 2 17 ‐dimensional problem is implemented on several IBM quantum computer superconducting quantum processors, a record‐breaking result for a linear system solved by a quantum computer. Demonstrated realisation sets a clear benchmark in the quest for the future quantum speedup in the linear systems of equations solution.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

The effect of symmetry on resonant and nonresonant photoresponses in a field-effect terahertz detector

The effect of the symmetries in the terahertz (THz) field distribution and the field-effect channel on THz photoresponse is examined. Resonant excitation of cavity plasmon modes and nonresonant self-mixing of THz waves are demonstrated in a GaN/AlGaN two-dimensional electron gas with symmetrically designed nanogates, antennas, and filters. We found that the self-mixing signal can be effectively suppressed by the symmetric design and the resonant response benefits from the residual asymmetry. The findings suggest that a single detector may provide both high sensitivity from the self-mixing mechanism and spectral resolution from the resonant response by optimizing the degree of geometrical and/or electronic symmetries.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

A light weight regularization for wave function parameter gradients in quantum Monte Carlo

The parameter derivative of the expectation value of the energy, ∂E/∂p, is a key ingredient in variational Monte Carlo (VMC) wave function optimization methods. In some cases, a naïve estimate of this derivative suffers from an infinite variance, which inhibits the efficiency of optimization methods that rely on a stable estimate of the derivative. In this work, we derive a simple regularization of the naïve estimator, which is trivial to implement in existing VMC codes, has finite variance, and a negligible bias, which can be extrapolated to zero bias with no extra cost. We use this estimator to construct an unbiased, finite variance estimation of ∂E/∂p for a multi-Slater–Jastrow trial wave function on the LiH molecule and in the optimization of a multi-Slater–Jastrow trial wave function on the CuO molecule. This regularized estimator is a simple and efficient estimator of ∂E/∂p for VMC optimization techniques.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Toward Generalized Tensor Algebra for ab initio Quantum Chemistry Methods

The widespread use of tensor operations in describing electronic structure calculations has motivated the design of software frameworks for productive development of scalable optimized tensor-based electronic structure methods. Whereas prior work focused on Cartesian abstractions for dense tensors, we present an algebra to specify and perform tensor operations on a larger class of block-sparse tensors. We illustrate the use of this framework in expressing real-world computational chemistry calculations beyond the reach of existing frameworks.

Mutlu, Erdal↗

Controlling Molecular Structure and Spin with Multiconfigurational Quantum Chemistry (Final Technical Report)

For many first-row transition metal complexes, structure-property relationships can be obtained from high-level molecular geometry optimizations and subsequent electronic structure studies. The project funded under this award utilized newly implemented fully internally contracted (FIC) nuclear gradients for extended multi-state (XMS) complete active space second-order multireference perturbation theory (CASPT2) to explore geometry changes in first-row transition metal coordination complexes. At the start of the project, only one full geometry optimization using FIC-CASPT2 analytical gradients had been reported (J. Chem. Theory Comput., 2016, 12 (8), 3781), and many open-questions regarding the performance and achievable accuracy in applying such computations to larger complexes persisted. Key deliverables in the report include the implementation of the numerical Hessian and subsequent vibrational analysis in the BAGEL program package. This includes both full Hessian vibrational analysis (FHVA) and a partial Hessian vibrational analysis (PHVA). The latter of which allows us to reduce the significant cost of computing the vibrational frequencies in a large molecule by focusing on the modes of highest interest. The gradient code also proved useful in the development of an approach to improve the Hubbard-U correction by removing bias in predicting spin-splitting in Fe(II) complexes via plane-wave density functional theory (DFT). Finally, we showed for three families of complexes (spin-crossover (SCO) complexes, metallocorroles complexes, and those with metal-metal bonds) that CASPT2 can result in good molecular geometries and established best practices in undertaking this work. We are now using this approach in collaborative projects with experimental groups, which would not have been possible at the start of this project. A common theme also arose through this work that static and dynamic correlation must be recovered in a balanced way to yield quantitative results. By systematically varying how both effects were included, we were able to make key chemical insights. This work supported the training of two postdoctoral scholars, one graduate student, and one undergraduate student in applying high-level wavefunction based methods to challenging systems.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

Broadband sensitization of downconversion phosphor YPO{sub 4} by optimizing TiO{sub 2} substitution in host lattice co-doped with Pr{sup 3+}-Yb{sup 3+} ion-couple

This study demonstrates a feasible and efficient route to alleviate the absorption problem of the terrestrial solar spectrum and enhance broadband luminescence from a promising down conversion powder phosphor YPO{sub 4} co-doped with Pr{sup 3+}-Yb{sup 3+} lanthanide ion-couple: incorporating a third sensitizing transition metal ion, e.g., Ti{sup 4+}. The x-ray powder diffraction results confirm the lattice substitution by the solid-state reaction doping rather than the formation of any secondary phase. The emission spectral results and the luminescence decay curve analysis show that the downconversion luminescence can be enhanced by 200%–300% and the quantum efficiency enhanced by more than 20% at the wavelength of around 980 nm, the best response spectrum for Si-based solar cells, by optimizing TiO{sub 2} doping concentration at 7 mol. %.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Forecasting of electronic devices lifetime on the basis of activation models of functional parameters drift

We propose a model of functional parameters drift for electronic devices, allowing predicting their lifetime. The method of model parameters estimation is developed. The developed model allows optimizing the accelerated tests modes, taking into account the complex impact of stress factors. The results are applicable for modern electronic devices with a failure rate less than 1 FIT. The results are applicable if the physical and chemical processes leading to electronic devices degradation have an activation mechanism; the activation process is due to the temperature.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

Kepler-90: Giant Transit-timing Variations Reveal a Super-puff

Exoplanet transit-timing variations (TTVs) caused by gravitational forces between planets can be used to determine planetary masses and orbital parameters. Most of the observed TTVs are small and sinusoidal in time, leading to degeneracies between the masses and orbital parameters. Here we report a TTV analysis of Kepler-90g and Kepler-90h, which exhibit large TTVs up to 25 hr. With optimization, we find a unique solution that allows us to constrain all of the orbital parameters. The best-fit masses for Kepler-90g and 90h are 15.0{sub −0.8}{sup +0.9} M {sub ⊕} (Earth mass) and 203{sub −5}{sup +5}M{sub ⊕}, respectively, with Kepler-90g having an unusually low apparent density of 0.15 ± 0.05 g cm{sup −3}. The uniqueness of orbital parameter solution enables a long-term dynamical integration, which reveals that although their periods are close to 2:3 orbital resonance, they are not locked in resonance, and the configuration is stable over billions of years. The dynamical history of the system suggests that planet interactions are able to raise the eccentricities and break the resonant lock after the initial formation.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

Revisiting the Dolinar receiver through multiple-copy state discrimination theory

We consider the problem of discriminating between two quantum coherent states by interpreting a single state as being a collection of several successive copies of weaker coherent states. By means of recent results on multiple-copy state discrimination, it is possible to give a reinterpretation of the Dolinar receiver and carry out a quite-straightforward analysis of its behavior. We also propose and investigate a suboptimal detection scheme derived from the Dolinar's architecture, which is shown to slightly outperform some other near-optimal schemes available in the literature.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

Entanglement enhanced thermometry in the detection of the Unruh effect

We show how the use of entanglement can enhance the precision of the detection of the Unruh effect with an accelerated probe. We use a two-level atom interacting relativistically with a quantum field as the probe, and treat it as an open quantum system to derive the master equation governing its evolution. By means of quantum state discrimination, we detect the accelerated motion of the atom by examining its time evolving state. It turns out that the optimal strategy for the detection of the Unruh effect, to which the accelerated atom is sensitive, involves letting the atom-thermometer equilibrate with the thermal bath. However, introducing initial entanglement between the detector and an external degree of freedom leads to an enhancement of the sensitivity of the detector. Also, the maximum precision is attained within finite time, before equilibration takes place.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

Study on the ultrasonic inspection method using the full matrix capture for the in service railway wheel

The quality of wheel is especially important for the safety of high speed railway. In this paper, a new ultrasonic array inspection method, the Full Matrix Capture (FMC) has been studied and applied to the high speed railway wheel inspection, especially in the wheel web from the tread. Firstly, the principle of FMC and TFM algorithm is discussed, and then the new optimization is applied to the standard FMC; Secondly the fundamentals of optimization is described in detail and the performance is analyzed. Finally, the experiment has been built with a standard phased array block and railway wheel, and then the testing results are discussed and analyzed. It is demonstrated that this change for the ultrasonic data acquisition and image reconstruction has higher efficiency and lower cost comparing to the FMC's procedure.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

Optimized heralding schemes for single photons

A major obstacle to a practical, heralded source of single photons is the fundamental trade-off between high purity and high production rate. To overcome this difficulty, we propose applying sequential spectral and temporal filtering on the signal photons before they are detected for heralding. Based on a multimode theory that takes into account the effect of simultaneous multiple photon-pair emission, we find that these filters can be optimized to yield both high purity and a high production rate. While the optimization conditions vary depending on the underlying photon-pair spectral correlations, all correlation profiles can lead to similarly high performance levels when optimized filters are employed. This suggests that a better strategy for improving the performance of heralded single-photon sources is to adopt an appropriate measurement scheme for the signal photons, rather than tailoring the properties of the photon-pair generation medium.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

Monte Carlo study for optimal conditions in single-shot imaging with femtosecond x-ray laser pulses

Intense x-ray pulses from x-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) enable the unveiling of atomic structure in material and biological specimens via ultrafast single-shot exposures. As the radiation is intense enough to destroy the sample, a new sample must be provided for each x-ray pulse. These single-particle delivery schemes require careful optimization, though systematic study to find such optimal conditions is still lacking. We have investigated two major single-particle delivery methods: particle injection as flying objects and membrane-mount as fixed targets. The optimal experimental parameters were searched for via Monte Carlo simulations to discover that the maximum single-particle hit rate achievable is close to 40%.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

Distillation of maximally correlated bosonic matter from many-body quantum coherence

We construct quantum coherence resource theories in symmetrized Fock space (QCRTF), thereby providing an information-theoretic framework that connects analyses of quantum coherence in discrete-variable (DV) and continuous variable (CV) bosonic systems. Unlike traditional quantum coherence resource theories, QCRTF can be made independent of the single-particle basis and allow to quantify coherence within and between particle number sectors. For example, QCRTF can be formulated in such a way that neither Bose-Einstein condensates nor Heisenberg-Weyl coherent states are considered as quantum many-body coherence resources, whereas spin-squeezed and quadrature squeezed states are. The QCRTF framework is utilized to calculate the optimal asymptotic distillation rate of maximally correlated bosonic states both for particle number conserving resource states and resource states of indefinite particle number. In particular, we show how to generate a uniform superposition of maximally correlated bosonic states from a state of maximal bosonic coherence with asymptotically unit efficiency using only free operations in the QCRTF.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

Spatially resolved band alignments at Au-hexadecanethiol monolayer-GaAs(001) interfaces by ballistic electron emission microscopy

We study structural and electronic inhomogeneities in Metal—Organic Molecular monoLayer (OML)—semiconductor interfaces at the sub-nanometer scale by means of in situ Ballistic Electron Emission Microscopy (BEEM). BEEM imaging of Au/1-hexadecanethiols/GaAs(001) heterostructures reveals the evolution of pinholes density as a function of the thickness of the metallic top-contact. Using BEEM in spectroscopic mode in non-short-circuited areas, local electronic fingerprints (barrier height values and corresponding spectral weights) reveal a low-energy tunneling regime through the insulating organic monolayer. At higher energies, BEEM evidences new conduction channels, associated with hot-electron injection in the empty molecular orbitals of the OML. Corresponding band diagrams at buried interfaces can be thus locally described. The energy position of GaAs conduction band minimum in the heterostructure is observed to evolve as a function of the thickness of the deposited metal, and coherently with size-dependent electrostatic effects under the molecular patches. Such BEEM analysis provides a quantitative diagnosis on metallic top-contact formation on organic molecular monolayer and appears as a relevant characterization for its optimization.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

Detecting Spin-Bath Polarization with Quantum Quench Phase Shifts of Single Spins in Diamond

Single-qubit sensing protocols can be used to measure qubit-bath coupling parameters. However, for sufficiently large coupling, the sensing protocol itself perturbs the bath, which is predicted to result in a characteristic response in the sensing measurements. Here, we observe this bath perturbation, also known as a quantum quench, by preparing the nuclear spin bath of a nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in polarized initial states and performing phase-resolved spin-echo measurements on the NV electron spin. These measurements reveal a time-dependent phase determined by the initial state of the bath. We derive the relationship between the sensor phase and the Gaussian spin-bath polarization and apply it to reconstruct both the axial and transverse polarization components. Using this insight, we optimize the transfer efficiency of our dynamic nuclear polarization sequence. This technique for directly measuring bath polarization may assist in preparing high-fidelity quantum memory states, improving nanoscale NMR methods, and investigating non-Gaussian quantum baths.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Paradigm for universal quantum information processing with integrated acousto-optic frequency beamsplitters

Frequency-bin encoding offers tremendous potential in quantum photonic information processing, in which a single waveguide can support hundreds of lightpaths in a naturally phase-stable fashion. This stability, however, comes at a cost: arbitrary unitary operations can be realized by cascaded electro-optic phase modulators and pulse shapers, but require nontrivial numerical optimization for design and have thus far been limited to discrete tabletop components. In this article, we propose, formalize, and computationally evaluate a new paradigm for universal frequency-bin quantum information processing using acousto-optic scattering processes between distinct transverse modes. We show that controllable phase matching in intermodal processes enables 2 × 2 frequency beamsplitters and transverse-mode-dependent phase shifters, which together comprise cascadable FRequency-transverse-mODe Operations (FRODOs) that can synthesize any unitary via analytical decomposition procedures. Modeling the performance of both random gates and discrete Fourier transforms, we demonstrate the feasibility of high-fidelity quantum operations with existing integrated photonics technology, highlighting prospects of parallelizable operations achieving 100% bandwidth utilization. Our approach is realizable with CMOS technology, opening the door to scalable on-chip quantum information processing in the frequency domain.

Lukens, Joseph M. [Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, I↗

Refine your search to explore more results.