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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2026

Arctic Observing Experiment (AOX) Field Campaign Report

Our ability to understand and predict weather and climate requires an accurate observing network. One of the pillars of this network is the observation of the fundamental meteorological parameters: temperature, air pressure, and wind. We plan to assess our ability to measure these parameters for the polar regions during the Arctic Observing Experiment (AOX, Figure 1) to support the International Arctic Buoy Programme (IABP), the Arctic Observing Network (AON), the International Program for Antarctic Buoys (IPAB), and the Southern Ocean Observing System (SOOS). Accurate temperature measurements are also necessary to validate and improve satellite measurements of surface temperature across the Arctic.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2026

Creating and Interfacing Designer Chemical Qubits (Final Technical Report)

The Final Technical Report describes a multi‑institution effort to develop programmable molecular qubits as precision quantum sensors for probing quantum materials. The team created chemically tunable qubits with optical addressability and practical coherence, integrated them into thin films and frameworks while preserving functionality, and established new magnetic and electric sensing methods suited to two‑dimensional magnets, ferroelectrics, and multiferroics. They also built computational models and spectroscopic tools that connect molecular design to material behavior, enabling access to quantum phenomena that previously could not be measured. The project produced more than 40 publications and trained a large cohort of graduate students and postdocs, strengthening the workforce and infrastructure needed for DOE's quantum information science mission.

2D Quantum Materials↗
DOE OSTI2026

The Art of Automation: Translating Electron Microscopy Workflows Into Automated Processes

Acquiring data using a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) is a complex, multi-step process. The intricacy of the process depends on the type of sample, composition of the material, desired results of the experiment, resolution requirement and other experimental factors. Each experiment presents unique complications, such as sample drift and contamination, that the microscopist must consider when acquiring data. All these challenges are handled fluidly and expertly by experienced microscopists, but to reach new levels of innovation in material development, including greater reproducibility, throughput, and precision, the automation of these workflows is essential. The initial phase of this work involved translating intuition-based workflows into discrete, programmable steps. Some common key stages in STEM workflows are the initial tuning, scanning the sample for areas of interest, and then acquiring the data. Each stage can be broken further into specific parameter adjustments, such as aberration correction and dwell time optimization, depending on the experiment. When deconstructing various experiments each step was assessed for automation feasibility based on the amount of real time operator decisions. There are steps that lend themselves to automation more readily than others, such as course focusing and sample screening, but there is potential for full automation of all stages with time. As an initial step, an automated montage routine was developed, allowing for the efficient acquisition of large portions of the sample without requiring continuous intervention from the operator. The automation of this small process of the procedure demonstrates the value of this capability. A major challenge in automation arises from discrepancies between commanded, reported and actual stage movements. Using systematic tests, stage movement was quantified. This error can be corrected algorithmically for more accurate workflows in the future. Expanding automation capabilities would result in larger, more efficient data acquisition which allows for more robust statistical analysis. Additionally, this work lays the groundwork for a closed loop system where machine learning algorithms would intake automatically acquired data and make real time decisions. By progressively automating this instrument, this work establishes the foundation for fully automated experimentation in transmission electron microscopy.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2025

Remote Instrumentation and Data Acquisition

This poster outlines the development and implementation of a remote data acquisition system for waveform analysis using a Rohde & Schwarz oscilloscope. The project involved capturing waveform data, and transferring it to a local machine for visualization and analysis. The core logic was developed in C++ with a focus on object oriented programming and the use of polymorphism so the main application can interact with any instrument without knowing its exact type, simplifying the overall logic and making it easier to add or swap out components without changing the rest of the codebase.. The system issues Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments (SCPI) via a socket connection and parses the oscilloscope s ASCII waveform data. The C++ application was containerized using Docker for ease of portability, and reproducibility. Emphasis was placed on secure networking practices, error handling, and effective data capture. The report describes the technical steps taken, challenges encountered, and future work, providing insight into the practical integration of hardware interfacing with remote computational environments.

Parikh, Jaymil [Illinois U., Urbana]↗
DOE OSTI2025

Akiachak Energy Efficiency Retrofit Project (Final Technical Report)

The Akiachak Native Community (ANC), a federally recognized Yup'ik Tribe, undertook this energy efficiency initiative to enhance energy performance in key community buildings, including the Tribal IRA Office, Laundry, Police Station, Clinic, and Daycare. Through energy audits and upgrades, the project focused on high-impact improvements like air sealing, LED lighting, and programmable thermostats, primarily in the Tribal Office due to funding constraints. The initiative aims to reduce energy waste, lower heating and electricity costs, and improve facility comfort and longevity. The project aims to generate long-term savings for further improvements by decreasing reliance on imported fuel oil. This initiative aligns with the Tribe's vision for responsible energy use, addressing the challenges of high fuel prices in a remote community, and serves as a model for similar efforts in Akiachak and other Alaska Native villages pursuing energy self-reliance.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2026

Plant Design for a Developing Bioeconomy Workshop Report: Frontier Science for the Bioeconomy Workshop Series

Recent advances in fundamental plant biology research, synthetic biology, and artificial intelligence (AI) are unlocking powerful new capabilities in plant biodesign, offering unprecedented potential to reimagine plants as programmable platforms for resource-efficient production of bioenergy, biomaterials, chemicals, and more. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) convened the Plant Design for a Developing Bioeconomy virtual workshop on March 12 through 14, 2025, to bring together leaders across plant science, engineering, and computation to assess the current landscape and define a bold vision for future research. Discussions during the workshop built upon findings included in DOE’s Biological and Environmental Research (BER) workshop report Overcoming Barriers in Plant Transformation: A Focus on Bioenergy Crops (U.S. DOE 2024; genomicscience. energy.gov/plant-transformation). Participants identified critical knowledge gaps, technical barriers, and emerging opportunities in the design and engineering of plant systems to support a robust, resilient domestic bioeconomy aligned with DOE’s mission.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Ultra Wide Bandgap Laser Addressable Photoconductors

Wide Band Gap (WBG) and Ultra Wide Band Gap (UWBG) photoconductors have the potential to meet several critical mission needs for LLNL and the broader USG due to their exceptional characteristics related to large critical electric field. In particular, high energy laser systems such as the National Ignition Facility would benefit from the development of new materials for active optical devices such as the Optically Addressable Light Valve (OALV) used in the Programmable Spatial Shaper System. Missions in Global Security would benefit from higher performance Photoconductive Semiconductor Switches for pulsed power and radiofrequency amplifiers. This project examined the suitability of both commercially available and custom synthesized semi insulating WBG and UWBG materials for several of these applications. We developed high laser damage threshold OALVs for optical systems based on several of these materials as well as new RF, pulsed power, and power electronics devices based on the same. These devices show superior power handling in terms of laser damage threshold, electric field, and power output. A number of the technologies developed have been transitioned to both internal and external customers.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2026

Cybersecurity Center for Offshore Wind Energy (Final Project Report)

This project establishes a Cybersecurity Center for Offshore Wind Energy with the objective of designing and operating a cyber-physical testbed for wind energy farms (WEFs) that enables comprehensive cybersecurity research. The testbed incorporates a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system connected to turbine models via industrial-grade programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and remote terminal units (RTUs). It supports side-channel data acquisition, implementation and analysis of various cyberattack scenarios, and development of attack detection, mitigation, and best-practice guidance tailored to wind energy systems. During the project, the team expanded the number and fidelity of mathematical turbine models (MTMs), integrated these models with SCADA infrastructure, and deployed a scaled physical turbine and associated sensors. High-resolution operational and side-channel data streams were collected and used to refine machine-learning (ML)-based attack detection systems and to extend the WindCRAFT framework to multi-turbine threat scenarios. The project demonstrated a realistic, scalable environment for evaluating cyber threats, validated attack detection approaches using enriched datasets, and identified new multi-turbine and inter-turbine communication attack vectors. The resulting testbed, models, and security mechanisms provide a foundation for ongoing R&D and deployment of cyber-resilient offshore wind energy systems.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2026

Mitigating Traffic Congestion Through Visual Cues: Advancing Transportation Safety and Efficiency

While humans have an innate ability to estimate speed and distance, this capability is inherently imprecise. This imprecision has significant implications for traffic systems, which are highly sensitive to fluctuations in movement. Even small variations in velocity and following distances between travelers can create congestion in high-traffic environments. The absence of an effective and widely adopted solution creates significant transportation inefficiency. However, emerging technologies offer promising ways to help mitigate this issue. This paper will analyze the effectiveness of visual cues in reducing traffic congestion. Specifically, this paper presents an experiment using addressable LEDs to evaluate their effectiveness in influencing pedestrian behavior. These programmable lights enable individual control over each LED in a strip, allowing for dynamic lighting effects that serve as useful visual cues. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate that visual cues, such as addressable LED guidance, can effectively influence traveler behavior and contribute to reducing traffic congestion.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Oneida Indian Nation Facility Energy Efficiency Project (Final Technical Report)

The Oneida Indian Nation (“Oneida”) implemented a comprehensive energy efficiency project across nearly 30 facilities over the course of the project period. Grounded in findings from a 2018 energy audit, the project installed LED lighting, high-efficiency HVAC systems, programmable thermostats, variable speed drives, and kitchen exhaust controls across 28 Nation facilities and the Turning Stone Resort and Casino (TSRC) campus.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2026

Aniak Energy Efficiency Retrofit Project

The Native Village of Aniak (NVA), a federally recognized Yup'ik Tribe, undertook this energy efficiency initiative to enhance energy performance in key community buildings, including the Tribal Office, Community Center, Duplex, and Association of Village Council Presidents (AVCP) Office. Through energy audits and upgrades, the project focused on high-impact improvements like air sealing, LED lighting, and programmable thermostats, primarily in the Tribal Office due to funding constraints. The initiative aimed to reduce energy waste, lower heating and electricity costs, and improve facility comfort and longevity while achieving long-term savings for further improvements by decreasing reliance on imported fuel oil. Despite scope limitations exacerbated by budget constraints, this project achieved an approximately 52% reduction in EUI. Reducing operational costs emphasizes economic and environmental benefits, aligning closely with Aniak's broader energy sustainability objectives. This initiative aligned with the Tribe's vision for responsible energy use, addressing the challenges of high fuel prices in a remote community; it could serve as a model for similar efforts in Aniak and other Alaska Native villages pursuing energy self-reliance.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2023

Resilience Issues in Building Energy Codes

This report, prepared for the International Energy Agency’s Building Energy Codes Working Group (BECWG, part of the IEA Energy in Buildings and Communities Technical Collaboration Programme, or IEA EBC), focuses on the application of building energy codes to improve the ability of buildings to provide a minimum healthy level of thermal comfort and function during extreme events. It reviews the relationship of building energy codes to the other building resilience policies and strategies, such as other building life/safety codes, community planning or zoning to discourage rebuilding in areas most prone to climate disasters, and other resilience planning strategies. The report provides an overview of how different jurisdictions address resilience issues in building energy codes in countries that are part of the IEA EBC Building Energy Codes Working Group.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2026

Waveform Simulation Framework: User Manual with Tutorials

This manuscript describes the Waveform Simulation Framework (WSF), a Python-based framework that provides a unified, programmable interface for generating synthetic seismograms for applications such as seismic array design, method development, and special event analysis. WSF standardizes how users define sources, receivers, and velocity models while abstracting simulator-specific configuration details, enabling workflows that are largely independent of the underlying numerical engine. The document provides installation guidance and tutorial-driven examples for three WSF simulator wrappers—WSF PyFK, WSF SW4, and WSF SPECFEM2D—illustrating end-to-end workflows from forward waveform simulation to common post-processing tasks (e.g., visualization and backprojection) using consistent data products (e.g., ObsPy Stream objects and SAC files).

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2026

Phenomena Identification and Ranking Tables (PIRT) analysis of wind turbine blade leading edge erosion

Leading edge erosion (LEE) of wind turbine blades has been identified as a major factor in decreased wind turbine blade lifetimes and energy output over time. Accordingly, the International Energy Agency Wind Technology Collaboration Programme (IEA Wind TCP) has created the Task 46 Phase 2 to undertake cooperative research in the key topic of blade erosion. The purpose of Task 46 Erosion Phase 2 is to further improve understanding of erosion driving factors, develop datasets and model tools to enhance prediction of leading-edge erosion likelihood, identify damage at the earliest possible stage and advance potential solutions. The scope of work covers several technical areas, reflecting the multidisciplinary nature of the challenge. Participants in the task are given in Table 1.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

GHG Emissions Inventory Report for LvivTeploEnergo (LTE)

PNNL prepared the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions inventory for LTE to help gain international funding for modernization requirements necessary to decarbonize LTE’s DH network. The inventory itself provides a comprehensive account of total greenhouse gas emissions from (a) LTE’s transportation (commuting and product transport), (b) purchased electricity (for water heating, heat production, and other uses), and (c) heat production for the DH network. The greenhouse gases analyzed in the inventory are Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ), Carbon Monoxide (CO), and Nitrogen Oxide (NO x ). All data gathered for the inventory came directly from previous years of LTE data, with total emissions of each activity calculated by using emission factors from several internationally reputable sources (e.g., United National Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the ECLIPSE v6 dataset from the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), the European Modeling and Evaluation Programme (EMEP), and the World Resources Institute (WRI)). This report further explains the methodology and justification for which scopes of emissions were included in the GHG emissions inventory spreadsheet and a description of references from which the emission factors were taken.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2026

Intelligent Experiments Through Real-time AI: Fast Data Processing and Autonomous Detector Control for sPHENIX and Future EIC Detectors (Final Report)

The overall vision of this project was to integrate real-time artificial intelligence (AI) directly into the data acquisition and detector-control systems of nuclear physics experiments, including both fast online event selection and an autonomous detector-control feedback loop. The work carried out under the award focused on the fast online event-selection half of that vision: the efficient recording of low-momentum heavy-flavor (HF) hadron decays in proton-proton collisions at the sPHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC)—an observable that requires fast tracking and topological trigger selection not previously demonstrated at RHIC, and that is essential for QCD studies at future facilities such as the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). The autonomous detector-control (GPU-based feedback) component named in the project title remained a design concept and was not implemented under this award. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) group led the offline simulation and data processing needed to train the machine-learning (ML) models, the translation of trained models to Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) firmware using the hls4ml framework, and the physics validation of heavy-flavor reconstruction. Over the award period, the team developed and hardware-tested the principal components of an AI-based heavy-flavor trigger on simulated and recorded sPHENIX tracker data: a software Bipartite Graph Attention Network (BiGAT) trigger model reaching > 95% signal efficiency at 99% background rejection; an FPGA-native hit clusterizer matching the offline clustering; smaller networks synthesized to FPGA within the required sub-10 µs latency; and an assembled decoder–clusterizer–inference firmware chain exercised on the FELIX readout board. A complete, fully integrated hardware demonstrator was not finished within the award period. This report documents the project goals, the MIT group’s contributions, the technical accomplishments, and the outlook toward applications at the future EIC ePIC detector.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Graphical User Interface for a Biasing Board for the PSEC6

The PSEC6 is an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) designed for a readout system for a large area picosecond photodetector (LAPPD). The PSEC6 is currently in fabrication and pending testing. The testing system for the PSEC5, the previous iteration of the ASIC, required expensive and non-portable equipment, because the ASIC needs twelve adjustable reference voltages. The new testing system consists of an low-cost, open-source, cross-platform graphical user interface (GUI), a digital system, and a biasing board. The digital system is the interface between the GUI and biasing board, and can be implemented on a microcontroller or field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The biasing board contains twelve digital-to-analog converters (DACs) that are configurable via the GUI, which gives users the ability to write voltage values to all or specific DACs. The GUI was developed in C on Linux using the widget library GTK4 and cross-compiled for Windows compatibility. I2C and SPI protocols were implemented on an Adafruit Feather ESP32-S3 microcontroller to write commands to the DACs and PSEC6. A hardware implementation of the I2C protocol is in development on an FPGA. Since LAPPDs will be used by the Accelerator Neutrino Neutron Interaction Experiment (ANNIE) at Fermilab, the PSEC6 testing system in this internship project can potentially benefit future neutrino research. The project is relevant to the Department of Energy’s microelectronics mission, because the PSEC6 is an ASIC that will handle fast time signals arriving from the detector for readout. It also provided experience with building a cross-platform user interface, practicing digital design and implementation in hardware description language (HDL), and using simulations to inform new design iterations.

Guerrero, Sasha Camila [North Central Coll.]↗
DOE OSTI2026

Captan+X Data Converter Integration

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory's CAPTAN (Compact And Programmable daTa Acquisition Node) series provides a flexible hardware platform for data acquisition across a range of experiments and facilities. The latest iteration, CAPTAN+X, is built around a Kintex-7 FPGA supporting four FPGA Mezzanine Card (FMC) connections. As part of a broader laboratory effort to bring facility systems under a Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) framework, CAPTAN+X is one of several systems slated to be incorporated into this modeling environment in the near term. A necessary step toward that goal is incorporating the platform's core functionality, which centers on integration with the LXD31K4 FMC, a data converter module combining dual AD9652 analog-to-digital converters and dual AD9142A digital-to-analog converters. Achieving compatibility required resolving pin-mapping conflicts between the LXD31K4's High Pin Count connector and the CAPTAN+X's available pin types, adapting a Board Support Project originally written for an UltraScale-class evaluation board to the Kintex-7 architecture, replacing incompatible primitives, restructuring clock distribution, and manually configuring chip initialization in place of an unsupported soft-processor-based approach. Functional verification of the ADC and DAC channels, followed by closed-loop testing combining both converters with real-time filtering, confirmed correct operation of the integrated system. These results establish a working hardware and firmware baseline for the CAPTAN+X platform, positioning it for future inclusion in the laboratory's growing MBSE modeling effort.

Espinoza, David [Illinois U., Urbana (main)]↗

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