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DOE OSTI2016

Thermoelectric properties of CuS/Ag{sub 2}S nanocomposites synthesed by modified polyol method

This is the report on successful synthesis of Ag doped CuS nanostructures by modified polyol method. The resulting samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Particle size of pure CuS nanoparticles (NPs) was 17 nm, 38 nm and 97 nm as determined from Scherrer formula, AFM and DLS, respectively. Introduction of Ag led to formation of CuS/Ag{sub 2}S composites. A transition at 55 K in thermopower is ascribed to structural transformation from hexagonal to orthorhombic structure. Further, their thermoelectric properties exhibit remarkable change owing to Ag doping in CuS nanostructures. The power factor improves with increasing Ag content. They reveal that CuS/Ag{sub 2}S nanocomposites are some of the potential candidates for generation of thermoelectricity in future.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗

DOE OSTI2014

Crystal structure, oxidation state and magnetism of Sr{sub x}La{sub 2−x}Cu{sub 0.5}Ru{sub 0.5}O{sub 4} (x=1, 1.5)

Sr{sub x}La{sub 2−x}Cu{sub 0.5}Ru{sub 0.5}O{sub 4} (x=1, 1.5) oxides with K{sub 2}NiF{sub 4}-type structure were prepared by solid state reaction and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, magnetic and electrical resistivity measurements. The SrLaCu{sub 0.5}Ru{sub 0.5}O{sub 4} phase was obtained for the first time with a negligible amount of impurities. The octahedral Cu/RuO{sub 6} units are more elongated in SrLaCu{sub 0.5}Ru{sub 0.5}O{sub 4} than in Sr{sub 1.5}La{sub 0.5}Cu{sub 0.5}Ru{sub 0.5}O{sub 4} indicating a greater extent of static Jahn–Teller distortion. XPS suggests that mixed ion pairs Ru{sup 5+}/Ru{sup 4+}↔Cu{sup +}/Cu{sup 2+} are present in SrLaCu{sub 0.5}Ru{sub 0.5}O{sub 4}, while Ru remains as Ru{sup 5+} and Cu as Cu{sup 2+} in Sr{sub 1.5}La{sub 0.5}Cu{sub 0.5}Ru{sub 0.5}O{sub 4}. Both samples show spin-glass behavior, which can be explained by competition between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic superexchange interactions. The negative Weiss temperature estimated for SrLaCu{sub 0.5}Ru{sub 0.5}O{sub 4}, −318 K, is significantly lower than −11.5 K deduced for Sr{sub 1.5}La{sub 0.5}Cu{sub 0.5}Ru{sub 0.5}O{sub 4} which may be related to the higher static Jahn–Teller distortion in the former oxide. -- Graphical abstract: SrLaCu{sub 0.5}Ru{sub 0.5}O{sub 4} with K{sub 2}NiF{sub 4}-type structure show a larger static Jahn–Teller distortion than Sr{sub 1.5}La{sub 0.5}Cu{sub 0.5}Ru{sub 0.5}O{sub 4}, which may be related to stronger antiferromagnetic superexchange interactions. Highlights: • SrLaCu{sub 0.5}Ru{sub 0.5}O{sub 4} (I) larger Jahn–Teller (J–T) distortion than Sr{sub 1.5}La{sub 0.5}Cu{sub 0.5}Ru{sub 0.5}O{sub 4} (II). • Octahedral Cu/RuO{sub 6} units are more elongated in I than in II. • Mixed ion pairs Ru{sup 5+}/Ru{sup 4+}↔Cu{sup +}/Cu{sup 2+} are present in I, while Ru remains as Ru{sup 5+} and Cu as Cu{sup 2+} in II. • Negative Weiss temperature of I significantly lower, consistent with higher J–T distortion.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

DOE OSTI2014

Structural and optical properties of Ni added ZnO thin films deposited by sol-gel method

Pure and Ni added zinc oxide thin films were prepared by sol-gel method using spin-coating technique on glass substrates. The influences of nickel on ZnO thin films are characterized by Powder X-ray diffraction study. Pure and Ni added thin films are hexagonal wurtzite structure without any secondary phase in c-axis orientation. The SEM images of thin films show uniform sphere like particles covered completely on glass substrates. All the films exhibit transmittance of 85-95% in the visible range up to 800nm and cut-off wavelength observed at 394 nm corresponding to the fundamental absorption of ZnO. The photoluminescence property for pure and Ni added ZnO thin films has been studied and results are presented in detail.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

DOE OSTI2019

High pO(2) Floating Zone Crystal Growth of the Perovskite Nickelate PrNiO3

Single crystals of PrNiO3 were grown under an oxygen pressure of 295 bar using a unique high-pressure optical-image floating zone furnace. The crystals, with volume in excess of 1 mm(3), were characterized structurally using single crystal and powder X-ray di ff raction. Resistivity, specific heat, and magnetic susceptibility were measured, all of which evidenced an abrupt, first order metal-insulator transition (MIT) at similar to 130 K, in agreement with previous literature reports on polycrystalline specimens. Temperature-dependent single crystal di ff raction was performed to investigate changes through the MIT. Our study demonstrates the opportunity space for high fugacity, reactive environments for single crystal growth specifically of perovskite nickelates but more generally to correlated electron oxides.

floating zone method↗

DOE OSTI2014

Enhanced ferromagnetic properties in Ho and Ni co-doped BiFeO{sub 3} ceramics

The magnetic properties of polycrystalline Bi{sub 1-x}Ho{sub x}Fe{sub 1-y}Ni{sub y}O{sub 3} (x = 0, 0.1; y = 0, 0.03), which were prepared by the solid-state method, have been investigated. The powder X-ray diffraction reveals that all the samples are polycrystalline and show rhombohedral perovskite structure. The micro-Raman scattering studies confirm that Bi{sub 0.9}Ho{sub 0.1}Fe{sub 0.97}Ni{sub 0.03}O{sub 3} has a compressive lattice distortion induced by the simultaneous substitution of Ho and Ni ions at A and B-sites, respectively. From the magnetization dependences at room temperature, Bi{sub 0.9}Ho{sub 0.1}Fe{sub 0.97}Ni{sub 0.03}O{sub 3} has enhanced magnetization (0.2280 emu/g) and low coercive field (280 Oe). It was revealed that the Ni dopant plays an important role for the improved ferromagnetic properties and the Ho dopant favors the magnetic exchange interactions in the co-doped ceramic.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

DOE OSTI2015

Investigation of magnetic properties and electronic structure of layered-structure borides AlT{sub 2}B{sub 2} (T=Fe, Mn, Cr) and AlFe{sub 2–x}Mn{sub x}B{sub 2}

The ternary phases AlT{sub 2}B{sub 2} (T=Fe, Mn, Cr) and quaternary phases AlFe{sub 2–x}Mn{sub x}B{sub 2} have been synthesized by arc-melting and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, magnetic measurements, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and electronic band structure calculations. All the compounds adopt the AlFe{sub 2}B{sub 2}-type structure, in which infinite zigzag chains of B atoms are connected by Fe atoms into [Fe{sub 2}B{sub 2}] slabs that alternate with layers of Al atoms along the b axis. The magnetic measurements reveal that AlFe{sub 2}B{sub 2} is a ferromagnet with T{sub C}=282 K while AlMn{sub 2}B{sub 2} and AlCr{sub 2}B{sub 2} do not show magnetic ordering in the studied temperature range of 1.8–400 K. A systematic investigation of solid solutions AlFe{sub 2−x}Mn{sub x}B{sub 2} showed a non-linear change in the structural and magnetic behavior. The ferromagnetic ordering temperature is gradually decreased as the Mn content (x) increases. The Mössbauer spectra reveal the presence of non-magnetic (NM) and ferromagnetic (FM) spectral components in all Mn-containing samples, with the amount of NM fraction increasing as the Mn content increases. While for the AlFe{sub 2−x}Mn{sub x}B{sub 2} samples with x=0.0 and 0.4 the hyperfine splitting of the FM spectral component collapses at temperatures close to the Curie temperatures determined from the magnetic measurements, for the x=1.2 and 1.6 samples the FM fraction exhibits a sizable unquenched hyperfine splitting at room temperature, a finding that is inconsistent with the observed magnetic properties. Along with the increase in the amount of the NM fraction, this observation suggests formation of Fe-rich and Mn-rich regions in the structure of the solid solutions. Quantum-chemical calculations and crystal orbital Hamilton population analysis provide a clear explanation of the distinction in properties for this series of compounds and also reveal the importance of electronic factors in modifying the magnetic properties of these materials. - Graphical abstract: We follow a gradual evolution of magnetic properties in a series of ternary borides AlT{sub 2}B{sub 2}, from non-magnetic AlCr{sub 2}B{sub 2} and AlMn{sub 2}B{sub 2} to ferromagnetic AlFe{sub 2}B{sub 2}. - Highlights: • AlT{sub 2}B{sub 2} (T=Fe, Mn, Cr) and AlFe{sub 2−x}Mn{sub x}B{sub 2} were prepared by arc‐melting. • Bulk ferromagnetism of AlFe{sub 2}B{sub 2} is gradually suppressed by the introduction of Mn. • AlMn{sub 2}B{sub 2} and AlCr{sub 2}B{sub 2} do not exhibit magnetic ordering. • Nonmagnetic (Mn‐rich) and ferromagnetic (Fe‐rich) clustering in AlFe{sub 2–x}Mn{sub x}B{sub 2}. • Ferromagnetism is suppressed due to weakening of antibonding T–T interactions.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

DOE OSTI2026

Insights on carbon dioxide adsorption in a flexible 1-D coordination polymer from in situ X-ray scattering and density functional theory

A combination of in situ small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) microstructure characterization over scales ranging from 1 nm to 10 µm and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) structure characterization under various gas/pressure/temperature conditions with density functional theory (DFT) calculations provides new insights for the CO2 sorption behavior of a one-dimensional porous coordination polymer: catena-bis(dibenzoylmethanato)(4,4′-bipyridyl)nickel(II), denoted NiDBM-Bpy. The NiDBM-Bpy chains are held together by van der Waals forces, but the structure of guest-free NiDBM-Bpy is unsolved due to a lack of suitable crystals and high-quality powder XRD patterns. Nevertheless, SAXS and powder XRD can follow microstructural and structural changes as a function of gas pressure, composition and temperature. Both mixed-gas flow and static supercritical CO2 regimes are explored experimentally. DFT calculations are used to model the structural variation associated with XRD changes and hysteresis in the sorption isotherms. XRD and DFT calculations suggest that an orthorhombic Fddd structure with two CO2 per Ni emerges following a transition from the structure with lower molar volume and symmetry that exists without CO2 present.

Allen, Andrew J.↗

DOE OSTI2016

Magnetic and magneto elastic properties of cobalt ferrite ceramic compacted through cold isostatic pressing

Nano crystalline CoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} powder was prepared by combustion synthesis method. As synthesized powder was calcined at an appropriate condition to remove the impurities and to promote phase formation. Phase pure CoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} powder was pressed into cylindrical rod at an applied pressure of 200 MPa using a cold isostatic pressing. Sintering of the green compact at 1350°c for 12 hrs resulted in sintered cylindrical rod with ~85% of the theoretical density. Single phase cubic spinel structure was observed in the powder x-ray diffraction pattern of the sintered pellet. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of the as sintered pellet revealed the microstructure to be composed of ferrite grains of average size ~4 µm. Saturation magnetization of 72 emu/g and coercivity of 355 Oe were observed for cobalt ferrite sample. The magnetostriction was measured on a circular disc (12 mm diameter and 12 mm length) with the strain gauge (350 Ω) mounted on the flat surface of the circular disc. Magnetostriciton of 180 ppm and strain derivative of 1 × 10{sup −9} m/A were observed for the sintered CoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} sample.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

DOE OSTI2015

Quaternary rare-earth arsenides REAg{sub 1−x}Zn{sub y}As{sub 2} (RE=La–Nd, Sm, Gd–Dy) with tetragonal SrZnBi{sub 2}- and HfCuSi{sub 2}-type structures

Reactions of the elements at 800 °C with the nominal compositions REAg{sub 1−x}Zn{sub x}As{sub 2} resulted in quaternary arsenides REAg{sub 1−x}Zn{sub y}As{sub 2} in which the combined Ag and Zn content deviates increasingly from unity in the Zn-richer phases, reflecting the transition from the fully stoichiometric ternary silver-containing arsenides REAgAs{sub 2} to the substoichiometric zinc-containing ones REZn{sub 0.67}As{sub 2}. Powder X-ray diffraction analysis indicated SrZnBi{sub 2}-type (space group I4/mmm, Z=4; RE=La, Ce) and HfCuSi{sub 2}-type structures (space group P4/nmm, Z=2; RE=Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis performed on LaAg{sub 0.5}Zn{sub 0.5}As{sub 2}, PrAg{sub 0.5}Zn{sub 0.5}As{sub 2}, and NdAg{sub 0.5}Zn{sub 0.5}As{sub 2} indicated that the Ag and Zn atoms are disordered within metal-centred tetrahedra and provided no evidence for distortion of the square As nets. The small electron excess tolerated in these quaternary arsenides and the absence of distortion in the square nets can be traced to the occurrence of As–As states that are only weakly antibonding near the Fermi level. PrAg{sub 0.5}Zn{sub 0.5}As{sub 2} and NdAg{sub 0.5}Zn{sub 0.5}As{sub 2} are paramagnetic with effective magnetic moments consistent with trivalent RE species. - Graphical abstract: On proceeding from fully stoichiometric REAgAs{sub 2} to substoichiometric REZn{sub 0.67}As{sub 2}, deficiencies in Zn content become increasingly prominent in quaternary arsenides REAg{sub 1−x}Zn{sub y}As{sub 2}. - Highlights: • Ag and Zn atoms are disordered within quaternary arsenides REAg{sub 1−x}Zn{sub y}As{sub 2}. • In Zn-richer phases, Zn deficiencies develop to counteract electron excess. • Distortions of square As net appear to be suppressed.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

NASA NTRS1994

Low-Flow-Rate Dry-Powder Feeder

Apparatus feeds small, precise flow of dry powder through laser beam of optical analyzer, measuring patterns of light created by forward scattering (Fraunhofer diffraction) of laser beam from powder particles. From measurement, statistical distribution of sizes of powder particles computed. Developed for analyzing particle-size distributions of solid-propellant powders. Also adapted to use in pharmaceutical industry, in manufacture of metal powder, and in other applications in which particle-size distributions of materials used to control rates of chemical reactions and/or physical characteristics of processes.

Ramsey, Keith E.↗

NASA NTRS1994

Low-Flow-Rate Dry-Powder Feeder

Apparatus feeds small, precise flow of dry powder through laser beam of optical analyzer measuring patterns of light created by forward scattering (Fraunhofer diffraction) of laser beam from powder particles. From this optical measurement, statistical distribution of sizes of powder particles computed. Rates of flow optimized for measurement of particle-size distributions. Developed for analyzing particle-size distributions of solid-propellant powders. Also adapted to pharmaceutical industry, in manufacture of metal powder, and in other applications where particle-size distributions of materials used to control rates of chemical reactions and/or physical characteristics of processes.

Ramsey, Keith E.↗

DOE OSTI2016

Novel heteroleptic lanthanide organic frameworks containing pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid and in situ generated piperazine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid from piperazine: Hydrothermal synthesis and luminescent properties

Two novel 3D lanthanide metal-organic frameworks [Ln(pydc)(pip){sub 1/2}(H{sub 2}O] (Ln=Ce (1) and Pr (2), H{sub 2}pydc=2,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, H{sub 2}pip=2,5-piperazinedicarboxylic acid have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), powder X-ray diffractions (PXRD), and single-crystal X-ray diffractions. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was used for morphological analysis. Complexes are isostructural and feature interesting 3D frameworks. Both compounds crystallize in the monoclinic system, space group P2{sub 1}/c. Structural analyses of 1 and 2 show that Ln{sup 3+} ions connect with each other through H{sub 2}pydc and H{sub 2}pip. To the best of our knowledge, they are the first heteroleptic lanthanide polymers obtained through in situ 2,5-piperazinedicarboxylic acid syntheses. Moreover, thermal and luminescent properties of the compounds have been investigated. - Graphical abstract: Two novel 3D lanthanide metal-organic frameworks have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Luminescent properties of the compounds in different temperatures have been also investigated. - Highlights: • New cerium and praseodymium coordination polymers based on N-O-bifunctional ligands have been synthesized In situ hydrothermal decarboxylation. • 2,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid and piperazine were used as ligands. • In situ hydrothermal decarboxylation and formation of ligands were observed.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

DOE OSTI2015

Effect of aluminium doping on structural and optical properties of ZnO thin films by sol-gel method

We systematically investigated the structural, morphological and optical properties of 0.05 mol % Al doped ZnO (Al:ZnO) thin films deposited on glass substrates by sol-gel spin coating method. The influences of Al doping in ZnO thin films are characterized by Powder X-ray diffraction study. ZnO and Al:ZnO thin films have showed hexagonal wurtzite structure without any secondary phase in c-axis (002) orientation. The SEM images also proved the hexagonal rod like morphologies for both films. All the films exhibited transmittance of 70-80% in the visible range up to 800 nm and cut-off wavelength observed at ∼390 nm corresponding to the fundamental absorption of ZnO. The band gap of the ZnO thin films slightly widened with the Al doping. The photoluminescence properties have been studied for Al: ZnO thin films and the results are presented in detail.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

DOE OSTI2016

Tuning the charge carrier density in the thermoelectric colusite

The colusite Cu{sub 26}V{sub 2}Sn{sub 6}S{sub 32} has high potential as a thermoelectric material at medium-high temperatures because of a large Seebeck coefficient (S ≃ 220 μV/K) and rather small electrical resistivity (ρ ≃ 100 μΩm) at 660 K. To improve the thermoelectric performance, we have tuned the hole carrier density p by substituting Zn for Cu in Cu{sub 26−x}Zn{sub x}V{sub 2}Sn{sub 6}S{sub 32} (x = 1–3) and starting with Cu and Sn deficient compositions in Cu{sub 26−y}V{sub 2}Sn{sub 6}S{sub 32} (y = 1, 2) and Cu{sub 26}V{sub 2}Sn{sub 6−z}S{sub 32} (z = 0.25–1), respectively. Powder x-ray diffraction and electron-probe microanalysis showed that the Zn-substituted samples and Sn-deficient (z ≥ 0.5) samples are formed in a single phase, whereas the Cu{sub 26−y}V{sub 2}Sn{sub 6}S{sub 32} samples are composed of two phases with slightly different compositions. Within these samples, the value of p at 300 K varies in the range between 3.6 × 10{sup 20} and 2.8 × 10{sup 21 }cm{sup −3}. The relation between p and S led to the effective mass m* of 4–7m{sub 0} for the hole carriers. The large S of the colusite is therefore ascribed to the heavy mass carriers of the valence band top. The decreases in p with x and y reduced the dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit ZT, whereas the increase in p with z raised ZT from 0.56 (z = 0) to 0.62 (z = 0.5) at 660 K.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

DOE OSTI2014

Effect of particle size distribution on the structure, hyperfine, and magnetic properties of Ni{sub 0.5}Zn{sub 0.5}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanopowders

Ni{sub 0.5}Zn{sub 0.5}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nano powders were synthesized by an auto combustion method and then heat treated at different temperatures in air for a fixed time. As a consequence, a distribution in particle size and strain was incorporated within the specimens, as estimated from the Rietveld refinement analysis of the powder x-ray diffraction data. The changes in the microstructure and crystal structure parameters were carefully extracted through the refinement analysis. Thermal annealing causes increment in the dispersion and mean of the size distribution. Reallocation of cations in the lattice sites occur as a consequence of the heat treatment which was manifested in their altered unit cell length (a), r.m.s. strain (〈ε{sup 2}〉{sup 1/2}), oxygen positional parameter (u), metal-oxygen bond lengths (R{sub OA} and R{sub OB}), and the band positions (ν{sub 1}and ν{sub 2}) in the vibrational spectroscopy. We also investigate the hyperfine and magnetic properties of the samples using different instrumental techniques (with different operating time scales) like Mössbauer spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry. Results show that the effect of particle size distribution was manifested in their hyperfine field distribution profile, paramagnetic resonance spectra, and magnetic anisotropy energy distribution profile. Co-existence of superparamagnetic and ferrimagnetic phase was recorded at room temperature in the samples when annealed at lower temperature. However, with increase in annealing temperature, the nature of the size distribution changes and ferrimagnetic ordering predominates for the larger size nanoparticles. Thus, the effect of particle size distribution on the structural, hyperfine, and magnetic properties of various Ni{sub 0.5}Zn{sub 0.5}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanoparticles was investigated herein which hitherto has not been discussed in the literature.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2014

Transformation of dense AgI into a silver-rich framework iodide using thiophenol as mineralizer

A new three-dimensional framework iodide, (DabcoH){sub 2}[(Dabco){sub 2}Ag{sub 14}I{sub 16}] (1), was solvothermal synthesized by transformation of dense AgI using p-methylthiophenol as mineralizer, and characterized by elemental analysis, single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry analysis, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. Compound 1 crystallizes in the trigonal space group R-3c, a=13.4452(2) Å, c=63.725(2) Å, V=9976.5(4) Å{sup 3}, Z=6. It features a 3D silver-rich [(Dabco){sub 2}Ag{sub 14}I{sub 16}]{sup 2−} anionic framework built up from corner-sharing of hybrid [(Dabco){sub 2}Ag{sub 14}I{sub 19}]{sup 5−} clusters, with protonated DabcoH{sup +} as counterions residing in the channels. UV–vis reflectance spectroscopy reveals the band gap of 1 is 3.3 eV. Compound 1 exhibits a strong photoluminescent emission band at 567 nm upon excitation at 489 nm. - Graphical abstract: A new 3-D iodoargentate was synthesized by transformation of dense AgI in I{sup −}-deficient system using thiophenol as mineralizer. - Highlights: • We have developed a new method to synthesize iodide using thiophenol as mineralizer. • A new 3D iodide, (DabcoH){sub 2}[(Dabco){sub 2}Ag{sub 14}I{sub 16}], was synthesized by transformation of dense AgI under solvothermal condition. • The compound features a 3D Ag–I framework with highest Ag/I ratio. • Compound 1 is a semiconductor with the band gap of 3.3 eV. • Compound 1 exhibits a strong photoluminescent emission band at 567 nm upon excitation at 489 nm.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

DOE OSTI2014

Pressure-induced phase coexistence in BaFe{sub 1.8}Co{sub 0.2}As{sub 2}

We report high-pressure powder synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements of overdoped BaFe{sub 1.8}Co{sub 0.2}As{sub 2} under quasi-hydrostatic pressure up to 40.1 GPa. Our results indicate that a tetragonal (T) to collapsed tetragonal (CT) phase transition occurs at 16.8 GPa and the two phase coexist until 30 GPa, which has not been previously observed in iron arsenide compounds. Both the lattice parameters a and c show discontinuous change for the T and CT phases. The decrease of the c lattice parameter is as large as 12.2% owing to the uniaxial pressure effect. The axial ratio c/a of the T phase exhibits similar features to the other 122-type compounds below 16.8 GPa, whereas there is a very small increase with increasing pressure in the two phase coexistence region. Because of the relationship between the axial ratio and superconductivity, the abnormal expansion may be related to the sudden increase of the strength of antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

DOE OSTI2014

Rare-earth transition-metal gallium chalcogenides RE{sub 3}MGaCh{sub 7} (M=Fe, Co, Ni; Ch=S, Se)

Six series of quaternary rare-earth transition-metal chalcogenides RE{sub 3}MGaCh{sub 7} (M=Fe, Co, Ni; Ch=S, Se), comprising 33 compounds in total, have been prepared by reactions of the elements at 1050 °C (for the sulphides) or 900 °C (for the selenides). They adopt noncentrosymmetric hexagonal structures (ordered Ce{sub 3}Al{sub 1.67}S{sub 7}-type, space group P6{sub 3}, Z=2) with cell parameters in the ranges of a=9.5–10.2 Å and c=6.0–6.1 Å for the sulphides and a=10.0–10.5 Å and c=6.3–6.4 Å for the selenides as refined from powder X-ray diffraction data. Single-crystal structures were determined for five members of the sulphide series RE{sub 3}FeGaS{sub 7} (RE=La, Pr, Tb) and RE{sub 3}CoGaS{sub 7} (RE=La, Tb). The highly anisotropic crystal structures consist of one-dimensional chains of M-centred face-sharing octahedra and stacks of Ga-centred tetrahedra all pointing in the same direction. Magnetic measurements on the sulphides reveal paramagnetic behaviour in some cases and long-range antiferromagnetic behaviour with low Néel temperatures (15 K or lower) in others. Ga L-edge XANES spectra support the presence of highly cationic Ga tetrahedral centres with a tendency towards more covalent Ga–Ch character on proceeding from the sulphides to the selenides. Band structure calculations on La{sub 3}FeGaS{sub 7} indicate that the electronic structure is dominated by Fe 3d-based states near the Fermi level. - Graphical abstract: The series of chalcogenides RE{sub 3}MGaS{sub 7}, which form for a wide range of rare-earth and transition metals (M=Fe, Co, Ni), adopt highly anisotropic structures containing chains of M-centred octahedra and stacks of Ga-centred tetrahedra. Display Omitted - Highlights: • Six series (comprising 33 compounds) of chalcogenides RE{sub 3}MGaCh{sub 7} were prepared. • They adopt noncentrosymmetric hexagonal structures with high anisotropy. • Most compounds are paramagnetic; some show antiferromagnetic ordering. • Ga L-edge XANES confirms presence of cationic Ga species.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

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