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Data Validation Package November 2015 Groundwater and Surface Water Sampling at the Old and New Rifle, Colorado, Processing Sites February 2016

Water samples were collected from 36 locations at New Rifle and Old Rifle, Colorado, Processing Sites. Duplicate samples were collected from New Rifle locations 0659 and 0855, and Old Rifle location 0304. One equipment blank was collected after decontamination of non-dedicated equipment used to collect one surface water sample. Sampling and analyses were conducted as specified in the Sampling and Analysis Plan for U.S. Department of Energy Office of Legacy Management Sites (LMS/PRO/S04351, continually updated). New Rifle Site Samples were collected at the New Rifle site from 16 monitoring wells and 7 surface locations in compliance with the December 2008 Groundwater Compliance Action Plan [GCAP] for the New Rifle, Colorado, Processing Site (LMS/RFN/S01920), with one exception: New Rifle location 0635 could not be sampled because it was inaccessible; a fence installed by the Colorado Department of Transportation prevents access to this location. DOE is currently negotiating access with the Colorado Department of Transportation. Analytes measured at the New Rifle site included contaminants of concern (COCs) (arsenic, molybdenum, nitrate + nitrite as nitrogen, selenium, uranium, and vanadium) ammonia as nitrogen, major cations, and major anions. Field measurements of total alkalinity, oxidation- reduction potential, pH, specific conductance, turbidity, and temperature were made at each location, and the water level was measured at each sampled well. A proposed alternate concentration limit (ACL) for vanadium of 50 milligrams per liter (mg/L), specific to the compliance (POC) wells (RFN-0217, -0659, -0664, and -0669) is included in the New Rifle GCAP. Vanadium concentrations in the POC wells were below the proposed ACL as shown in the time-concentration graphs in the Data Presentation section (Attachment 2). Time-concentration graphs from all other locations sampled are also included in Attachment 2. Sampling location RFN-0195 was misidentified for the June/August 2014 and November 2014 sampling events. (Well RFN-0609 was inadvertently sampled instead of RFN-0195 in 2014.) The results for RFN-0195 have been corrected, and are included in associated time-concentration graphs for this location. Recent results for RFN-0195 are consistent with established trends with the possible exception of vanadium. The most recent result for vanadium showed an increase over recent values. Vanadium concentrations at RFN-0195 and other locations will continue to be evaluated in the future to determine the potential for deviations from established trends. The surface water locations were sampled to monitor the impact of groundwater discharge. COC concentrations at Colorado River surface water locations RFN-0324 and RFN-0326, downgradient of the site, remained low and were consistent with historical results, as shown in the time-concentration graphs. COC concentrations did not indicate there are any impacts related to groundwater discharge to the river. In many cases, elevated COC concentrations at the New Rifle site pond locations were observed, as shown in the time-versus concentration graphs. As noted in the GCAP, this indicates impacts from groundwater discharge to the ponds. Old Rifle Site Samples were collected at the Old Rifle site from eight monitoring wells and five surface locations in compliance with the December 2001 Groundwater Compliance Action Plan for the Old Rifle, Colorado, UMTRA Project Site (GJ0-2000-177-TAR). Analytes measured at the Old Rifle site included COCs (selenium, uranium, and vanadium), major cations, and major anions. Field measurements of total alkalinity, oxidation-reduction potential, pH, specific conductance, turbidity, temperature, were made at each location, and the water level was measured at each sampled well. The monitoring strategy described in the GCAP is designed to determine progress of the natural flushing process in meeting compliance standards for site COCs. Standards for selenium and vanadium are the proposed ACLs of0.05 mg/L and 1.0 mg/L, respectively. For uranium the cleanup goal is the UMTRA standard of 0.044 mg/L or background, whichever is higher. As shown in the time concentration graphs, the uranium concentration exceeds the cleanup goal at groundwater monitoring locations RF0-0304, -0305, -0310, -0655, and -0656. The surface water locations were sampled to monitor the impact of groundwater discharge at Colorado River surface water locations adjacent to (RF0-0396) and downgradient of the site (RF0-0741). COC concentrations remain low and consistent with historical concentrations as shown in the time-concentration graphs (Attachment 2), which indicate no impacts from groundwater discharge to the river.

2015 Old and New Rifle↗

Data Validation Package December 2015 Groundwater Sampling at the Ambrosia Lake, New Mexico, Disposal Site March 2016

The Long-Term Surveillance Plan for the Ambrosia Lake, New Mexico, Disposal Site does not require groundwater monitoring because groundwater in the uppermost aquifer is of limited use, and supplemental standards have been applied to the aquifer. However, at the request of the New Mexico Environment Department, the U.S. Department of Energy conducts annual monitoring at three locations: monitoring wells 0409, 0675, and 0678. Sampling and analyses were conducted as specified in the Sampling and Analysis Plan for US. Department of Energy Office of Legacy Management Sites (LMS/PRO/S04351, continually updated). Monitoring Well 0409 was not sampled during this event because it was dry. Water levels were measured at each sampled well. One duplicate sample was collected from location 0675. Groundwater samples from the two sampled wells were analyzed for the constituents listed in Table 1. Time-concentration graphs for selected analytes are included in this report. At well 0675, the duplicate results for total dissolved solids and for most metals (magnesium, molybdenum, potassium, selenium, sodium, and uranium) were outside acceptance criteria, which may indicate non-homogeneous conditions at this location. November 2014 results for molybdenum and uranium at well 0675 also were outside acceptance criteria. The well condition will be evaluated prior to the next sampling event.

2015 Sampling Ambrosia Lake West, New Mexico↗

Unified, Cross-Platform, Open-Source Library Package for High-Performance Computing

Compute power is continually increasing, but this increased performance is largely found in sophisticated computing devices and supercomputer resources that are difficult to use, resulting in under-utilization. We developed a unified set of programming tools that will allow users to take full advantage of the new technology by allowing them to work at a level abstracted away from the platform specifics, encouraging the use of modern computing systems, including government-funded supercomputer facilities.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

Data Validation Package September 2016 Groundwater and Surface Water Sampling at the Slick Rock, Colorado, Processing Sites January 2017

The Slick Rock, Colorado, Processing Sites are referred to as the Slick Rock West Processing Site (SRK05) and the Slick Rock East Processing Site (SRK06). This annual event involved sampling both sites for a total of 16 monitoring wells and 6 surface water locations as required by the 2006 Draft Final Ground Water Compliance Action Plan for the Slick Rock, Colorado, Processing Sites (GCAP). A domestic well was also sampled at a property adjacent to the Slick Rock East site at the request of the landowner.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

Fission Meter Information Barrier Attribute Measurement System: FY2018 Office of Nuclear Verification FNI/UKC Task 2 Documentation Package

The ORTEC Fission Meter is a neutron multiplicity detector developed by Oak Ridge, TN based Advanced Measurement Technology (AMETEK), ORTEC Division. Data analysis techniques developed for neutron multiplicity detectors allows determination of mass and multiplication of unknown objects of special nuclear material (SNM). This can be done based on the physics of fission neutrons with little or no a priori information about the object. The articulating panel design and “5-Mode Counter” neutron multiplicity data-acquisition hardware were licensed to ORTEC by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in 2005 based on a 2004 prototype. The “5-Mode Counter” development started in 2000 in order to produce a compact neutron multiplicity file containing the full neutron count timing distribution. Development of this hardware along with the prototype detector design continued through 2004. Photographs of the Fission Meter are shown in Figure 1. In 2011, the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory developed a software-based information barrier (IB) for the Fission Meter to control transmission of some for potential use in treaty applications. This IB was extended over the next several years to include improvements to the algorithms, more automated processing, and list mode data acquisition and processing. This report provides design and operational documentation for the Fission Meter and the Information Barrier additions.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

Model Package Report: Central Plateau Vadose Zone Geoframework Version 1.0

The purpose of the Central Plateau Vadose Zone (CPVZ) Geoframework model (GFM) is to provide a reasonable, consistent, and defensible three-dimensional (3D) representation of the vadose zone beneath the Central Plateau at the Hanford Site to support the Composite Analysis (CA) vadose zone contaminant fate and transport models. The GFM is a 3D representation of the subsurface geologic structure. From this 3D geologic model, exported results in the form of point, surface, and/or volumes are used as inputs to populate and assemble the various numerical model architectures, providing a 3D-layered grid that is consistent with the GFM. The objective of this report is to define the process used to produce a hydrostratigraphic model for the vadose zone beneath the Hanford Site Central Plateau and the corresponding CA domain.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗

AGC-3 Specimen Post-Irradiation Examination Data Package Report

The Advanced Reactor Technologies Graphite research and development program is conducting an extensive graphite irradiation program to provide data to assist in licensing of a high temperature reactor (HTR) design. In past applications, graphite has been used effectively as a structural and moderator material in both research and commercial high temperature gas cooled reactor designs.[ , ] Nuclear graphite H 451, used previously in the United States for nuclear reactor graphite components, is no longer available. New nuclear graphite grades have been developed and are considered suitable candidates for new HTR designs. To support the design and licensing of HTR core components within a commercial reactor, a complete properties database must be developed for these current grades of graphite. Quantitative data on in service material performance is required for the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of each graphite grade with a specific emphasis on data accounting for the life limiting effects of irradiation creep. Further details on the research and development activities and associated rationale required to qualify nuclear grade graphite for use within the HTR are documented in the graphite technology research and development plan.[ ] Based on experience with previous graphite core components, the phenomenon of irradiation induced creep within the graphite has been shown to be a critical parameter in determining the total useful lifetime of graphite components. Irradiation induced creep occurs under the simultaneous application of high temperatures, neutron irradiation, and applied stresses within the graphite components. A second, much more significant, internal stress is experienced within the graphite components due to irradiation induced dimensional changes. These induced stresses result from neutron irradiation causing physical changes in the graphite structure, first shrinking it and then expanding it, with increasing neutron dose. This disparity in material volume change can induce significant internal stresses within graphite components. Irradiation induced creep relaxes these large internal stresses, thus reducing the risk of crack formation and component failure. Obviously, higher irradiation creep levels tend to relieve more internal stress, thus allowing the components longer useful lifetimes within the core. Determining the irradiation creep rates of nuclear graphite grades is critical for determining the useful lifetime of graphite components and is a major component of the Advanced Graphite Creep (AGC) experiment.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗

Supplemental Environmental Project, Supplemental Sampling and Monitoring Work Plan Regarding Settlement Agreement and Stipulated Final Order HWB-14-20, Addendum 3: Certification Package: Sampling and Monitoring

In accordance with the Supplemental Environmental Project (SEP), Settlement Agreement and Stipulated Final Order HWB-14-20 (signed January 22, 2016), Addendum 3: Supplemental Sampling and Monitoring Work Plan (sent December 12, 2016), this correspondence certifies that the Sampling and Monitoring subproject has been completed. When all Supplemental Sampling and Monitoring SEP subprojects are completed, Department of Energy (DOE) and TRIAD, LLC shall submit a signed and sworn Certification of Completion in accordance with the approved SEP Addendum 3.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

Inventory Data Package for the Hanford Site Composite Analysis

The disposed inventory estimate is perhaps the most important component of the composite analysis (CA), as it directly affects the future radiological impacts following site closure. The goal is to estimate radionuclide inventory from site inception to closure. Because of the inclusive nature of a CA, all relevant contaminants are identified and initially considered. Then, subsets of contaminants appropriate for quantitative analysis are selected. Inventory is reported within the geographical boundary of the Hanford Site 200 Areas and includes contributing sources on the Central Plateau. The inventory covers the radiological inventories of historical discharges and residuals that have the potential to release after closure. The reported inventory is focused on the source terms needed for transport modeling and the evaluation of risk associated with the ground water pathway.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

Mechanical Behavior of MinK and FiberFrax Board Insulation Materials Under Battery Packaging Relevant Conditions

We present a new collection of data on the load-stress relaxation-unload behavior of MinK and FiberFrax Board (FF) insulation materials used as pellets in-line with thermal battery electrochemical stacks. Both materials were subjected to standard thermal preparations, and then tested at room temperature. Intermediate term stress relaxation tests are presented (order 104 minutes of relaxation) showing that FF relaxation is not significantly stress or deformation dependent, but MinK is moderately so. Moreover, stress-strain curves associated with specimen unloading, reloading, and unloading again are presented for both materials. FF and MinK are substantially different here. Acute material variability is observed though test conditions and material preparations are standardized. A modeling approach is presented to empirically estimate the amount of stress relaxation at room temperature, and from this state, represent the unloading stress-strain behavior of both materials. This effort provides a complete framework for representing (in an engineering sense) both materials in thermal battery performance simulations.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

A Highly Miniaturized Cloud and Aerosol Instrument Package for Small UAS's

Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS’s), which include Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV’s) and tethered balloon systems (TBS) offer significant advantages over conventional research aircraft. They are capable of long-duration measurements of cloud properties in regions where piloted aircraft are unsafe, e.g., at very low altitudes over remote regions, such as tundra and open ocean. TBS and UAV’s are now widely recognized as a technology that can provide unprecedented insights into cloud and radiation processes, but development of miniature sensors capable of providing sophisticated measurements of cloud, aerosol and radiative properties lag behind. In Phase II of this SBIR research, Stratton Park Engineering Company, Inc. (SPEC) designed and fabricated a miniature combination optical particle probe (micro-COPP) that is capable of being flown on small UAV’s and TBS. The micro-COPP measures the size distribution of cloud particles from 2 microns to several millimeters and records high-definition images that distinguish ice particle from water drops, which is essential in mixed-phase clouds. The micro-COPP was installed along with miniature instruments to measure aerosols, cloud condensation nuclei, position and atmospheric state parameters on a small UAV and TBS that were deployed in the Arctic at the Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard (78° N. latitude).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

ARM Cloud Radar Simulator Package for Global Climate Models

It has been challenging to directly compare U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility ground-based cloud radar measurements with climate model output because of limitations or features of the observing processes and the spatial gap between model and the single-point measurements. To facilitate the use of ARM radar data in numerical models, an ARM cloud radar simulator was developed to converts model data into pseudo-ARM cloud radar observations that mimic the instrument view of a narrow atmospheric column (as compared to a large global climate model [GCM] grid-cell), thus allowing meaningful comparison between model output and ARM cloud observations.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

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