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In this contribution we demonstrate that metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with suitable underlying topological structure are amenable for the preparation of MOF-based substitutional solid-solutions (SSS) that follow Vegard's law.
In this work, we show how the combination of soluble non-polar and polar links allows for the preparation of multivariate metal–organic frameworks (MTV MOFs) that exhibit dipolar solid-solution behavior. We prepared a library of PIZOF-2 MOFs with varied concentrations of p -nitroaniline (PNA)-containing moiety embedded within the MTV links. This library forms a partial solid solution up to 30 mol% with input/output composition ratio of 0.536 ± 0.018. MOFs with x > 5 mol% PNA show concentration-dependent hypsochromic dipole–dipole coupling (H-coupling) in the solid-state UV-visible spectra. The MTV library also exhibits a dielectric relaxation event in the broadband dielectric spectra with activation enthalpies and entropies that vary with temperature and PNA content and follow linear Meyer–Neldel compensation relations.
Oxygen vacancies are highly stable in the subsurface, near Zr 4+ species on CZO(111). While Ni single atoms strongly bind to the CZO(111) surface, they destabilize oxygen vacancy formation in their vicinity.
Abstract Recent results from molecular dynamics simulations have shown that significant concentrations of Frenkel pairs can be introduced by the proliferation of phonons lying at the edge of the Brillouin zone and when above the Debye temperature. Following the work of Granato (2014 Eur. Phys. J. B 87 18) we extend those calculations to the influence of Frenkels on the elastic modulus. Significant softening is predicted which is confirmed by in situ measurements of the elastic modulus during flash. Frenkel pairs have been proposed to play a central role in the flash phenomena.
Direct, atomic-scale visualization of polarization switching in a functional, polycrystalline, binary oxide via in-situ high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) biasing is reported for the first time. Antiferroelectric (AFE) ZrO2 was used as the model system, which is important for commercial DRAMs and as emerging NVMs (through work-function engineering). We observed (1) clear shifting and coalescing of domains within a single grain, and (2) dramatic changes of the atomic arrangements and crystalline phases—both at voltages above the critical voltage measured for AFE switching. Similar synergistic in-situ structural-electrical characterization can pave the way to understand and engineer microscopic mechanisms for retention, fatigue, variability, sub-coercive switching and analog states in ferroelectric and AFE-based memory devices.
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Commercial-scale production of Mo-99 demands a facility-wide assessment of radiation-induced degradation across process equipment, instrumentation, and purification media. Key factors— total ionizing dose, dose rate, radiolysis-driven chemistry, thermal loads, activation, and any neutron-related effects—should inform material selection, shielding, and component layout. Purification materials (sorbents, resins, filters, seals, housing) require particular attention to ensure that irradiation does not alter selectivity or capacity, generate fines, or introduce leachables that could compromise Mo-99 purity or downstream Tc-99m generator performance. Dose mapping, accelerated irradiation testing, and studies of extractables/leachables together provide the basis for setting maintenance, calibration, and replacement intervals and for qualifying materials that retain mechanical integrity, chemical compatibility, and radiopurity over their service life.
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Optical techniques for high temperature emittance and reflectance studies of ablation material char
Hemispherical spectral emission of ablation chars, carbon, and zirconium oxide formed during reentry
Thermal conductivity, insulation, and thermal shock qualities of zirconium coatings on Hastelloy
A literature survey was conducted to collect material properties data on all advanced high temperature materials. Three of these, Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2, ThO2, and ZrB2 with additives of C and SiC were selected for further study. Stabilized ZrO2 and ThO2 were found to have higher temperature oxidation resistance than any metal and great potential for use in advanced biowaste resistojets. ZrO2 has a lower electrical resistivity and sublimation and a higher creep endurance strength. ZrO2 and ThO2 tubular heat exchangers, electrically heated indirectly, were evaluated in short tests to about 1900 K in flowing CO2. ZrO2 was subjected to N2, H2, H2O and vacuum as well. X-ray diffraction and fluorescence analyses were made. The metal-to-ceramic seal technology for ZrO2 and ThO2 was developed using chemical vapor deposition of tantalum for metallizing and 82 Au - 18 Ni filler braze.
Improved conducting-ceramic heating elements extend performance and life expectancy of 2,100 C furnace.
The benefits derived from application of ceramic materials to high pressure turbine gas path seal components are described and the developmental backgrounds of various approaches are reviewed. The most fully developed approaches are those employing plasma sprayed zirconium oxide as the ceramic material. Prevention of cracking and spalling of the zirconium oxide under cyclic thermal shock conditions imposed by the engine operating cycle is the most immediate problem to be solved before implementation is undertaken. Three promising approaches to improving cyclic thermal shock resistance are described and comparative rig performance of each are reviewed. Advanced concepts showing potential for performance improvements are described.
It is shown that the application of sputtered Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ) primer in plasma-sprayed YSZ ceramic-coated turbine blades results in an improvement, by a factor of 5-6, in the thermal shock life of specimens with a sprayed, porous, Ni-Cr-Al-Y intermediate layer. Species with and without the primer were found to be able to survive 1000 cycles when the intermediate layer was used, but reduced laminar cracking was observed in the specimen with the primer. It is suggested that the sputtered YZS primer-induced properties are due to (1) more effective wetting and adherence of the plasma-sprayed YZS particles to the primer, and (2) the primer's retardation of impinging, molten plasma sprayed particles solidification rates, which result in a less detrimental residual stress distribution.
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(Previously announced in STAR as N82-22346)