SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “windows”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 181 records · Page 10

All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

NASA NTRS1995

Windows Program For Driving The TDU-850 Printer

Program provides WYSIWYG compatibility between video display and printout. PDW is Microsoft Windows printer-driver computer program for use with Raytheon TDU-850 printer. Provides previously unavailable linkage between printer and IBM PC-compatible computers running Microsoft Windows. Enhances capabilities of Raytheon TDU-850 hardcopier by emulating all textual and graphical features normally supported by laser/ink-jet printers and makes printer compatible with any Microsoft Windows application. Also provides capabilities not found in laser/ink-jet printer drivers by providing certain Windows applications with ability to render high quality, true gray-scale photographic hardcopy on TDU-850. Written in C language.

Parrish, Brett T.↗

NASA NTRS1994

Directions of Moving Plaids is Biased by Asymmetric Viewing Windows

Directionally selective V1 neurons are tuned to particular spatio-temporal frequencies and respond to local 1-D edge motion. At least some MT neurons however appear to respond to the actual velocity of moving 2D patterns. To better understand how the 1D local motion information available from VI is integrated to derive a 2D velocity signal we investigated human perception of moving plaids, 2-D patterns composed of the sum of two 1-D sinusoidal gratings of different orientations. We measured the effect of the shape of the viewing window on the perceived direction of plaid motion. The plaids were spatially windowed by 2-D Gaussians with unequal standard deviations (sigma 1, sigma 2). Four observers indicated perceived direction by adjusting a pointer. Direction errors were measured as a function of the difference between window orientation and true plaid direction (DELTA THETA) for several grating spatial frequencies (SF = 0.3, 0.6, 1.2 c/d) and window aspect ratios (AR = sigma 1/sigma 2 = 1, 1.4, 2, 4). Observers showed systematic errors in perceived direction (approx. 15 for AR = 4 and SF = 0.6 c/d) that peaked at DELTA THETA approx. 40. The errors increased for increasing aspect ratio and decreased for increasing spatial frequencies (or number of cycles). These results show that despite the unambiguous motion of the plaids, under these conditions human misperceive the motion. These data constrain models of motion integration from V1 to MT and, in particular, are inconsistent with algorithms that use either the Intersection of Constraints rule or cross correlation to compute the perceived direction of motion.

Beutter, B. R.↗

NASA NTRS1999

New echocardiographic windows for quantitative determination of aortic regurgitation volume using color Doppler flow convergence and vena contracta

Color Doppler images of aortic regurgitation (AR) flow acceleration, flow convergence (FC), and the vena contracta (VC) have been reported to be useful for evaluating severity of AR. However, clinical application of these methods has been limited because of the difficulty in clearly imaging the FC and VC. This study aimed to explore new windows for imaging the FC and VC to evaluate AR volumes in patients and to validate this in animals with chronic AR. Forty patients with AR and 17 hemodynamic states in 4 sheep with strictly quantified AR volumes were evaluated. A Toshiba SSH 380A with a 3.75-MHz transducer was used to image the FC and VC. After routine echo Doppler imaging, patients were repositioned in the right lateral decubitus position, and the FC and VC were imaged from high right parasternal windows. In only 15 of the 40 patients was it possible to image clearly and measure accurately the FC and VC from conventional (left decubitus) apical or parasternal views. In contrast, 31 of 40 patients had clearly imaged FC regions and VCs using the new windows. In patients, AR volumes derived from the FC and VC methods combined with continuous velocity agreed well with each other (r = 0.97, mean difference = -7.9 ml +/- 9.9 ml/beat). In chronic animal model studies, AR volumes derived from both the VC and the FC agreed well with the electromagnetically derived AR volumes (r = 0.92, mean difference = -1.3 +/- 4.0 ml/beat). By imaging from high right parasternal windows in the right decubitus position, complementary use of the FC and VC methods can provide clinically valuable information about AR volumes.

NASA Discipline Cardiopulmonary↗

NASA NTRS2007

Window Observational Research Facility (WORF)

This viewgraph document concerns the Window Observational Research Facility (WORF) Rack, a unique facility designed for use with the US Lab Destiny Module window. WORF will provide valuable resources for Earth Science payloads along with serving the purpose of protecting the lab window. The facility can be used for remote sensing instrumentation test and validation in a shirt sleeve environment. WORF will also provide a training platform for crewmembers to do orbital observations of other planetary bodies. WORF payloads will be able to conduct terrestrial studies utilizing the data collected from utilizing WORF and the lab window.

Pelfrey, Joseph↗

NASA NTRS2006

X-Windows PVT Widget Class

The X-Windows Process Validation Table (PVT) Widget Class ( Class is used here in the object-oriented-programming sense of the word) was devised to simplify the task of implementing network registration services for Information Sharing Protocol (ISP) graphical-user-interface (GUI) computer programs. Heretofore, ISP PVT programming tasks have required many method calls to identify, query, and interpret the connections and messages exchanged between a client and a PVT server. Normally, programmers have utilized direct access to UNIX socket libraries to implement the PVT protocol queries, necessitating the use of many lines of source code to perform frequent tasks. Now, the X-Windows PVT Widget Class encapsulates ISP client server network registration management tasks within the framework of an X Windows widget. Use of the widget framework enables an X Windows GUI program to interact with PVT services in an abstract way and in the same manner as that of other graphical widgets, making it easier to program PVT clients. Wrapping the PVT services inside the widget framework enables a programmer to treat a PVT server interface as though it were a GUI. Moreover, an alternate subclass could implement another service in a widget of the same type. This program was written by Matthew R. Barry of United Space Alliance for Johnson Space Center. For further information, contact the Johnson Technology Transfer Office at (281) 483-3809. MSC-23582 Shuttle Data Center File- Processing Tool in Java A Java-language computer program has been written to facilitate mining of data in files in the Shuttle Data Center (SDC) archives. This program can be executed on a variety of workstations or via Web-browser programs. This program is partly similar to prior C-language programs used for the same purpose, while differing from those programs in that it exploits the platform-neutrality of Java in implementing several features that are important for analysis of large sets of time-series data. The program supports regular expression queries of SDC archive files, reads the files, interleaves the time-stamped samples according to a chosen output, then transforms the results into that format. A user can choose among a variety of output file formats that are useful for diverse purposes, including plotting, Markov modeling, multivariate density estimation, and wavelet multiresolution analysis, as well as for playback of data in support of simulation and testing.

Barry, Matthew R.↗

NASA NTRS2003

"Virtual Cockpit Window" for a Windowless Aerospacecraft

A software system processes navigational and sensory information in real time to generate a three-dimensional-appearing image of the external environment for viewing by crewmembers of a windowless aerospacecraft. The design of the particular aerospacecraft (the X-38) is such that the addition of a real transparent cockpit window to the airframe would have resulted in unacceptably large increases in weight and cost. When exerting manual control, an aircrew needs to see terrain, obstructions, and other features around the aircraft in order to land safely. The X-38 is capable of automated landing, but even when this capability is utilized, the crew still needs to view the external environment: From the very beginning of the United States space program, crews have expressed profound dislike for windowless vehicles. The wellbeing of an aircrew is considerably promoted by a three-dimensional view of terrain and obstructions. The present software system was developed to satisfy the need for such a view. In conjunction with a computer and display equipment that weigh less than would a real transparent window, this software system thus provides a virtual cockpit window. The key problem in the development of this software system was to create a realistic three-dimensional perspective view that is updated in real time. The problem was solved by building upon a pre-existing commercial program LandForm C3 that combines the speed of flight-simulator software with the power of geographic-information-system software to generate real-time, three-dimensional-appearing displays of terrain and other features of flight environments. In the development of the present software, the pre-existing program was modified to enable it to utilize real-time information on the position and attitude of the aerospacecraft to generate a view of the external world as it would appear to a person looking out through a window in the aerospacecraft. The development included innovations in realistic horizon-limit modeling, three-dimensional stereographic display, and interfaces for utilization of data from inertial-navigation devices, Global Positioning System receivers, and laser rangefinders.

Abernathy, Michael F.↗

NASA NTRS2018

Characterization of a Radiometer Window for Mars Aftbody Heating Including Ablation Product Deposition Using a Miniature Arc Jet

The Mars Entry, Descent, and Landing Instrumentation 2 (MEDLI2) sensor suite for the Mars 2020 mission includes a radiometer on the backshell to measure the radiative heating during entry into the Martian atmosphere. Thermal Protection System (TPS) ablation products may be deposited on the radiometer window which would degrade the transmission and thus alter the accuracy of the radiometer readings. Testing in NASA Ames Research Center's miniature arc jet (mARC) facility was conducted to deposit TPS ablation products on radiometer windows in an effort to characterize how the ablation products change the window transmission and thus alter radiometer performance. Heat flux and stagnation pressure characterization of the mARC facility in a 90 percent CO2, 10 percent N2 (by mass) Mars-like environment are presented. The spectral transmission of the radiometer windows before and after mARC testing are compared. Additionally, a discussion of how flight-like these test conditions were and future work to further characterize the effect of TPS ablation on radiometer performance are presented.

Miller, Ruth A.↗

DOE OSTI2020

Transparent window film with embedded nano-shades for thermoregulation

Every year, more than 20% of the energy consumption in the United States and more than 10% of the global consumption is used towards HVAC (Heating, Ventilating, Air-Conditioning) systems in buildings. Although continued efforts in advancing renewable energy, efficient appliances, and smart building systems are desired, the most critical factors that cause extensive indoor energy consumption are thermal leakage and thermal waste generation. We demonstrate a smart window film that allows natural lighting with a clear view while blocking oblique incident sunlight to make the building interior cooler without using electricity or generating heat. Building upon the concept of, often overlooked, traditional window shades and privacy window films, we emphasize and elevate the application and impact of using magnetically arranged nanoscale material for energy conservation purpose in buildings. By embedding vertically aligned Ni flakes (VANF) in a polymer matrix film, nanoscale mirror array serve as shades to block the high-angled incident sunlight, blocking approximately 73% of total solar irradiance and bringing down the indoor temperature by 1.92 °C during the daytime in a model house while providing nearly 90% transparency. Global application was simulated by applying the respective solar angle and intensity at selected latitudes, indicating their potential. This passively energy-conserving smart film is a low cost, maintenance free, and simple product for users and easy-to-manufacture product for the industry.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2021

Demonstration and Evaluation of Lightweight High Performance Quad-Pane Windows

Ten high-performance quad-pane windows (five quad-pane with suspended film and five quad-pane with thin glass) were installed at Building 41 of the Denver Federal Center in Colorado as part of a demonstration project to assess their thermal performance, life cycle costs, and deployment potential for replacing older single-pane windows. The U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory performed several different evaluations to assess the viability of the quad-pane windows for GSA applications. Some of these assessments were performed with models, while others required onsite evaluations including time series measurements.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

DOE OSTI2021

Advancing insulation retrofits from flexible inexpensive lucid materials (AIR FILMs) for single-pane windows

This project focused on Advancing Insulation Retrofits from Flexible Inexpensive Lucid Materials (AIR FILMs) for Single-Pane Windows. The team developed innovative porous materials that can improve the energy efficiency of existing single-pane windows in commercial and residential buildings in two technical product categories: (1) retrofits that can be applied onto existing windowpanes and (2) manufactured windowpanes that can be installed into the existing window sash.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

DOE OSTI2021

Demonstration and Evaluation of Lightweight High Performance Secondary Windows

Eight secondary windows (single-pane and double-pane) were installed at Building 53 of the Denver Federal Center in Colorado as part of a demonstration project to assess their thermal performance, life cycle costs, and deployment potential for use in conjunction with existing, older single-pane windows. The U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory performed several different evaluations to assess the viability of the secondary windows for GSA applications. Some assessments were performed with models, while others required onsite evaluations including time series measurements.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

DOE OSTI2022

Extending Analysis of Asay Windows to High Areal Mass Range [Slides]

The accretion layer addition to Asay window analysis results in new equations of motion that depend on the location of collisions within the layer. Asay window equations of motion can be represented in terms of experiment observables. Balance of linear momentum for variable mass systems provides a framework for developing equations of motion for Asay window diagnostics under a variety of operating assumptions. The growth in the accretion layer thickness during an experiment substantially influences mass and density measurements when high accumulation of areal mass is present.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2023

Extending the Asay window measurement model to high areal mass ranges [Slides]

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2026

Side-Chain Nanophase Separation Broadens the Double-Gyroid Stability Window in PS–PODMA Diblock Copolymers

Expanding access to bicontinuous network phases in block copolymers remains an important challenge because the double gyroid (DG) phase is usually stable only within a narrow composition window in conventional diblock copolymers. Here, we show that poly(styrene-block-octadecyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PODMA) exhibits an unusually broad DG window. Small-angle X-ray scattering measurements across a wide composition range reveal lamellar and hexagonally packed cylindrical phases at higher polystyrene fractions. In contrast, the DG phase appears over 0.22 ≤ fPS ≤ 0.35, with DG/BCC and DG/HEX coexistence near fPS = 0.18 and 0.40, respectively. This broad DG window is much wider than those reported for neat diblock copolymers and is not readily explained by conformational asymmetry alone. Wide-angle X-ray scattering detects a characteristic signature of nanophase separation within the PODMA-rich domains, indicating that side-chain ordering introduces an additional internal length scale. These results suggest that hierarchical side-chain nanophase separation modifies packing frustration and curvature selection, thereby broadening DG stability and providing a new molecular design strategy for stabilizing complex network morphologies.

Seko, Tamio↗

DOE OSTI2026

Efficacy of Gadolinium Gallium Garnet (GGG) as a High-Impedance Optical Window for Shock Wave Experiments

We conducted a series of plate impact experiments to examine the efficacy of < 111>-oriented gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG) single crystals as high-impedance optical window for Photonic Doppler velocimetry (PDV) under shock and double-shock loading. At ~ 123 GPa, shocked GGG remains fully transparent to 1550 nm light for at least 250 ns without any signal degradation. Above 135 GPa, PDV data measured through GGG exhibit a gradual loss of fringe contrast following shock entrance, which eventually leads to transparency loss. The duration for which shocked GGG remains transparent decreases with increasing pressure, and at ~ 148 GPa, it becomes opaque within ~ 20–30 ns. This limits the use of GGG as an interferometry window between ~ 110–140 GPa under single shock loading. Within this pressure range, the refractive index of GGG increases linearly with density: n = 1.552 + 0.054ρ. In contrast to single shock loading, where GGG becomes opaque rapidly above ~ 140 GPa, double-shocked GGG remains optically transparent for over 100 ns when it is first shocked to ~ 123 GPa and then reshocked to significantly higher pressures (215–233 GPa). Our findings raise the exciting possibility of GGG being used as a high-impedance optical window in multi-shock and shock-ramp loading experiments.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

DOE OSTI2024

A More Transparent Infrared Window

The infrared window region (780–1,250 cm –1 , 12.8 to 8.0 μm) is of great importance to Earth's climate due to its high transparency and thermal energy. We present here a new investigation of the transparency of this spectral region based on observations by interferometers of downwelling surface radiance at two DOE Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program sites. We focus on the dominant source of absorption in this region, the water vapor continuum, and derive updated values of spectral absorption coefficients for both the self and foreign continua. Our results show that the self continuum is too strong in the previous version of Mlawer-Tobin_Clough-Kneizys-Davies (MT_CKD) water vapor continuum model, a result that is consistent with other recent analyses, while the foreign continuum is too weak in MT_CKD. In general, the weaker self continuum derived in this study results in an overall increase in atmospheric transparency in the window, although in atmospheres with low amounts of water vapor the transparency may slightly decrease due to the increase in foreign continuum absorption. These continuum changes lead to a significant decrease in downwelling longwave flux at the surface for moist atmospheres and a modest increase in outgoing longwave radiation. The increased fraction of surface-leaving radiation that escapes to space leads to a notable increase (~5–10%) in climate feedback, implying that climate simulations that use the new infrared window continuum will show somewhat less warming than before. This study also points out the possibly important role that aerosol absorption may play in the longwave radiative budget.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2023

Plasma window performance and scaling for an accelerator-based neutron source

A “plasma window” was developed for use with a SHINE accelerator-based neutron source. In this work, the design of the plasma window is presented along with results demonstrating successful operation in deuterium over a range of aperture diameters (5–12 mm), gas flow rates (3.5 to 12.5 slm), and input powers (10–55 kW). Here, an empirically determined relationship between the aperture diameter, deuterium gas flow rate, input power, and plasma window pressure differential is also presented.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

DOE OSTI2025

The role of sample–window coupling in shock temperature experiments

Radiometric studies of opaque materials under shock compression probe a sample–window interface that may be very different than the bulk state. Subtle experimental details, particularly an initial sample–window gap vs an adhesively bonded stack, have tremendous influence on measured temperature. This work experimentally tests gapped vs bonded targets and theoretically investigates observed differences in the measured temperature. The results indicate that perturbations created by a thin adhesive are smaller than those suggested by a previous work, whereas sample–window gaps alter the measured state more significantly than that previously realized.

Adhesives↗