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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 181 records · Page 10
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1999

Interference of Backscatter from Two Droplets in a Focused Continuous-Wave CO2 Doppler Lidar Beam

With a focused continuous-wave CO2 Doppler lidar at 9.1-microns wavelength, the superposition of backscatter from two approximately 14.12-micron-diameter silicone oil droplets in the lidar beam produced interference that resulted in a single backscatter pulse from the two droplets with a distinct periodic structure. This interference is caused by the phase difference in backscatter from the two droplets while they are traversing the lidar beam at different speeds, and thus the droplet separation is not constant. The complete cycle of interference, with periodicity 2(pi), gives excellent agreement between measurements and lidar theory.

Jarzembski, Maurice A.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Normal mode Rossby waves observed in the upper stratosphere

In recent years, observational evidence has been obtained for westward traveling planetary waves in the middle atmosphere with the aid of global data from satellites. There is no doubt that the fair portion of the observed traveling waves can be understood as the manifestation of the normal mode Rossby waves which are theoretically derived from the tidal theory. Some observational aspects of the structure and behavior of the normal model Rossby waves in the upper stratosphere are reported. The data used are the global stratospheric geopotential thickness and height analyses which are derived mainly from the Stratospheric Sounding Units (SSUs) on board TIROS-N and NOAA satellites. A clear example of the influence of the normal mode Rossby wave on the mean flow is reported. The mechanism considered is interference between the normal mode Rossby wave and the quasi-stationary wave.

Hirooka, T.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Experiments with a self-correcting wind tunnel

The feasibility of controlling the flow actively through the walls of a transonic, porous wall wind tunnel in order to minimize wall interference effects on a test model is demonstrated. The method is based upon measuring the components of the disturbance velocity at discrete points along an imaginary surface in the flow field within the tunnel. A mathematical formulation of the flow field exterior to the surface including the boundary condition for unconfined flow, i.e., that all disturbance vanish at infinite, is used to determine if these measured velocity components are consistent with that boundary condition. If they are not, the theory provides a better approximation to the velocity component for unconfined flow, and the flow through the tunnel walls is readjusted iteratively until the measured quantities are consistent with unconfined flow. A brief review of theoretical methods is followed by a description of the Calspan self correcting wind tunnel design and operation, calibration with and without active wall control. Typical results obtained by approximating a conventional porous wall wind tunnel for an 0012 airfoil show that active wall control largely reproduces the correct shock wave position, eliminates wall interference of lift and drag, and reduces the interference effects on pitching moment to 10%.

Vidal, R. J.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Investigating the use of field solvers for simulating classical systems

We explore the use of field solvers as approximations of classical Vlasov-Poisson systems. This correspondence is investigated in both electrostatic and gravitational contexts. We demonstrate the ability of field solvers to be excellent approximations of problems with cold initial condition into the nonlinear regime. We also investigate extensions of the Schrödinger-Poisson system that employ multiple stacked cold streams, and the von Neumann–Poisson equation as methods that can successfully reproduce the classical evolution of warm initial conditions. We then discuss how appropriate simulation parameters need to be chosen to avoid interference terms, aliasing, and wave behavior in the field solver solutions. Finally, we present a series of criteria clarifying how parameters need to be chosen in order to effectively approximate classical solutions.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Simulation Analysis of Geometry and Material Effects for Dropkinson Bar

The reported research is motivated by the need to address a key issue affecting the Dropkinson bar apparatus. This unresolved issue is the interference of the stress wave reflected from the bar-beam boundary with the measurement of the stress-strain response of a material tested in the apparatus. The purpose of the wave beam that is currently connected to the bar is to dissipate the stress wave, but the portion of the wave reflected from the bar-beam boundary is still significant. First, we focused on understanding which parameters affect the reflected wave's arrival time at a strain gauge. Specifically, we used finite-element numerical simulations with the Sierra/SM module to study the effects of various bar-beam connection fixities, alternative wave beam materials, and alternative geometries of the Dropkinson bar system based on a monolithic design. The conclusion of this study is that a partial reflection always occurs at the bar-beam boundary (or, for a monolithic design, at a point where the bar geometry changes). Therefore, given a fixed total length of the bar, it is impossible to increase the reflected wave's arrival time by any significant amount. After reaching this conclusion, we focused instead on trying to minimize the energy of the reflected stress wave circulating up and down through the bar over a relatively long period of time (10 ms). Once again, we used numerical simulations with the Sierra/SM module to investigate the effects of various bar-beam connection fixities, alternative wave beam materials, and parameters of an asymmetric monolithic design of the bar-and-beam system. This study demonstrated that various parameters can significantly affect the energy of the wave reflections, with the difference between best and worst configurations being about one order of magnitude in terms of energy. Based on the obtained results, we conclude with concrete takeaways for Dropkinson bar users and propose potential directions for future research and optimization.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Experimental Study of Instabilities in Hydrogen-Air Fueled Rotating Detonation Combustion Presentation

Conventional gas turbine engines rely on an idealized constant pressure combustion process that in reality produces a pressure decrease as a result of viscous and other non-reversible losses. An alternative approach is rotating detonation combustion (RDC) which is a form of pressure gain combustion in which one or more detonation waves propagate an annular channel resulting in an increase in pressure across, subsequently providing greater work availability compared to deflagration ultimately leading to opportunities for greater thermodynamic efficiency when used in gas turbine engines that conventionally relies on constant. Modern gas turbine engines often rely on pre-mixed reactants to limit NOx emissions, although this may result in greater susceptibility to instabilities such as flashback and thermoacoustic oscillation, particularly for applications that utilize hydrogen as the fuel. Research in RDC has focused on non-premixed reactants thus limiting the occurrence of flashback, and high frequency detonation wave propagation (kHz) may interfere with the occurrence of thermoacoustic oscillations. Thermal NOx emissions are controlled through rapid combustion and sudden expansion of the working fluid. Although RDC may not be susceptible to instabilities encountered in conventional state of the art gas turbine engine combustion, there may be other mechanisms occurring that support instabilities that could be detrimental to performance.

Weber, Justin↗
NASA NTRS1972

The transmission of low frequency medical data using delta modulation techniques.

The transmission of low-frequency medical data using delta modulation techniques is described. The delta modulators are used to distribute the low-frequency data into the passband of the telephone lines. Both adaptive and linear delta modulators are considered. Optimum bit rates to minimize distortion and intersymbol interference are discussed. Vibrocardiographic waves are analyzed as a function of bit rate and delta modulator configuration to determine their reproducibility for medical evaluation.

Arndt, G. D.↗
NASA NTRS1974

The community satellite. III

A number of technology experiments conducted with the satellite are discussed, giving attention to a very high resolution radiometer experiment, a radio frequency interference experiment, a millimeter wave propagation experiment, a COMSAT propagation experiment, a cesium bombardment ion engine experiment, an advanced thermal control flight experiment, a spacecraft attitude experiment, a radio beacon experiment, and environmental measurements experiments. Special investigations considered are related to the use of a spacecraft vibration accelerometer, a quartz crystal microbalance contamination monitor, and a television camera.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1981

Environmental effects and large space systems

When planning large scale operations in space, environmental impact must be considered in addition to radiation, spacecraft charging, contamination, high power and size. Pollution of the atmosphere and space is caused by rocket effluents and by photoelectrons generated by sunlight falling on satellite surfaces even light pollution may result (the SPS may reflect so much light as to be a nuisance to astronomers). Large (100 Km 2) structures also will absorb the high energy particles that impinge on them. Altogether, these effects may drastically alter the Earth's magnetosphere. It is not clear if these alterations will in any way affect the Earth's surface climate. Large structures will also generate large plasma wakes and waves which may cause interference with communications to the vehicle. A high energy, microwave beam from the SPS will cause ionospheric turbulence, affecting UHF and VHF communications. Although none of these effects may ultimately prove critical, they must be considered in the design of large structures.

Garrett, H. B.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Indirect Phase Height Measurements in Central and Eastern Europe for Monitoring D Region Plasma

Low-frequency propagation experiments for the investigation of the lower part of the ionospheric D region were at first used by BRACEWELL et al. (1951) in the early fifties. Among these was the method of indirect phase height measurements for continuous monitoring of the lower ionosphere. It is based upon field strength measurements of commercial radio transmitters in the frequency range between 50 and 200 kHz at distances from 500 to 1500 km. The field strength records show characteristic diurnal variations with maxima and minima, produced by interference between the ground wave and the ionospherically reflected sky wave, the phase difference between varies in correspondence to the diurnal variation of the reflection height. In order to check the validity of interpretations of indirect phase height data, comparisons were made with simultaneous rocket soundings. Results are summarized.

Cossart, G. V.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Seismology of the sun

The use of the sun's oscillations, caused by the constructive interference between internally reflected waves, to study the interior of the sun is examined. Pressure and buoyancy have the strongest influence on oscillations; pressure fluctuations at high frequency produce acoustic waves and at low frequency buoyancy produces internal gravity waves. The theory of acoustic wave frequency, which is used to determine measurements of sound speed and rate of rotation of the solar interior as well as the thickness of the convection zone, is presented. The classification of solar oscillations is described. The models for acoustic modes of low degree and intermediate degree are discussed. The effect of internal speed, gravity modes, and solar rotation on solar models is determined. The oscillation frequencies yield an He abundance that is consistent with cosmology, but they reinforce the severity of the neutrino problem.

Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.↗
NASA NTRS1991

LIMS (Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere) observation of traveling planetary waves and potential vorticity advection in the stratosphere and mesosphere

Eastward and westward traveling waves were observed by the Nimbus 7 Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS) during the northern winter 1978-1979. Eastward waves were prevalent in early winter and were involved in a minor Canadian warming in December 1978. A large westward traveling wave, as described by previous authors, was observed in January 1979 during a series of minor warmings. By comparing these two events, it is shown that in both cases the superposition of traveling and quasi-stationary waves led to constructive interference that was responsible for the warmings. However, there was significant asymmetry between eastward and westward traveling components. A local Eulerian analysis of potential vorticity (PV) transport indicates that adiabatic, geostrophic advection by the resolvable scales of motion explains qualitatively (but not quantitatively) the observed potential vorticity tendencies in the LIMS Northern Hemisphere winter. In particular, calculated advection explains the eastward rotation of the main vortex, intrusion of low PV air into the polar cap, and formation of high PV filaments at the vortex periphery.

Dunkerton, Timothy J.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Auroral arc thicknesses as predicted by various theories

Twelve electron-acceleration mechanisms and 10 generator mechanisms for auroral arcs are examined, and a characteristic auroral-arc thickness is worked out for each mechanism except one. The arc thicknesses are then mapped down to the ionosphere along the terrestrial magnetic-field lines; near the Earth, a dipole magnetic-field model is used, and farther from the Earth, the mapping includes the effects of magnetic-field-line draping. The 21 theoretical models all predict auroral-arc thicknesses that are at least an order of magnitude wider than the optically observed arcs. As an alternative explanation of the observed narrow auroral arcs, the acceleration of ionospheric electrons to produce airglow in electrical discharge mechanisms appears improbable. Also unsuccessfully explored is the possibility that the observed narrow auroral arcs are caused by interference effects when Alfven waves reflect off the ionosphere. Suggestions are made for future ground-based auroral-arc measurements.

Borovsky, Joseph E.↗
NASA NTRS1956

Flat Plate Cascades at Supersonic Speed

A brief review of exact two-dimensional supersonic flow theory and Ackeret's linearized theory are first presented. The lift and drag coefficients of a cascade of flat plates are calculated exactly and compared to those obtained using the linearized theory. The forces on the cascade are determined for unsteady inlet flow. The flat plate cascade theory is extended to compute the efficiency of a supersonic propeller with friction and finite blade thickness.

FLOW - PLATES, FLAT - SUPERSONIC↗
NASA NTRS1993

Comparisons of calculated and measured helicopter noise near instrument hill

The polar parabolic equation (POPE) method solves for the diffraction of sound by a curved surface including a realistic sound speed profile. POPE is outlined briefly to describe diffraction which propagates the field over a hill. Experimental data are compared with POPE predictions using the measured sound speed profile and ground impedance. Two trial cases are considered for the comparisons: the helicopter located at the base of the hill and far away from the base of the hill, respectively. The physical mechanisms for sound propagation over a hill are examined with and of POPE calculations and experimental data. The shedding of rays from the hillside gives an interference effect with a wave along the flat surface beyond the base of a hill.

Bass, Henry E.↗
NASA NTRS1994

Rotating stall suppression

Rotating stall in an axial-flow compressor is suppressed by the positioning of a fixed inlet flow divider in the annular inlet flow passage upstream of the compressor. The inlet flow divider is aligned with the flow of fluid through the duct and acts to block or interfere with any rotating wave in the inlet and thereby suppresses rotating stall in the compressor.

Moore, Franklin K.↗
DOE OSTI2024

The 140 GHz notch filter development for millimeter-wave diagnostics protection on the stellarator Wendelstein 7-X

The notch filter plays a crucial role as a protective component in microwave diagnostics, primarily by addressing issues related to catastrophic interference. Designed for millimeter-wave diagnostics on the stellarator Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X), a WR-6 waveguide-based notch filter has been successfully developed to effectively isolate leakage from auxiliary heating gyrotrons operating at 140 GHz. The filter incorporates cylindrical cavities resonating at 140 GHz for the TE11p mode, with coupling structures that are designed and optimized for high-efficiency coupling. This configuration simplifies fabrication, thereby ensuring high-yield production. Experimental fabrication and in-house characterization confirm the notch filter's exceptional performance, with over 60 dB rejection in the vicinity of 140 GHz and low insertion loss (< 2 dB) above and below the notch frequency across a broad frequency bandwidth (121–138 GHz, 142–163 GHz). Furthermore, the utilization of this high-frequency structure fabrication technology can be applied to millimeter-wave diagnostics on other machines. In addition to the design elements of the notch filter, this paper also provides a detailed discussion of the fabrication process and methodology.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗