Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “vehicle deployment”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 181 records · Page 10
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Commercial EV Charging Infrastructure: Modeling Concepts & Techniques

This presentation offers an overview of key concepts and techniques for modeling global commercial EV charging infrastructure. We begin by comparing the unique needs of commercial vehicles with those of personal vehicles. Next, we delve into network design topics, including phased deployment of public infrastructure, port sharing across and within fleets, power requirements for en-route charging, and strategies for estimating depot charging availability. Finally, we outline the primary steps NREL follows in conducting an EV charging infrastructure needs assessment.

ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS,DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSI↗
DOE OSTI2025

Development of copper thiolate organometallic compound as thermal sensitive coating for energy storage system safety

Safety and reliability are primary concerns for the deployment of lithium-ion batteries, especially in electric vehicles (EV) and larger-scale energy storage systems (ESS). Current technology in battery management systems (BMS) includes cell voltage monitoring and positioning temperature sensors in selected locations. For a system with hundreds to thousands of individual batteries, single-point temperature monitoring is inadequate to detect hot spots and cell overheating, which could lead to thermal runaway. Here, we have developed a temperature-sensitive copper-thiol compound that can be directly coated onto battery pouch foils to enable early detection of thermal runaway. Upon reaching specific temperatures, this compound releases a sulfur-containing detectable gas, which can be identified using chemically specific gas sensors to trigger an early warning signal. Such a signal propagate through air offers broad signal coverage and enables a more comprehensive approach to large-area temperature monitoring. The Cu-ethanethiol coating is designed to release volatile gases when the substrate surface temperature exceeds 70 °C, with continuous outgassing as the temperature increases. The compound is composed of Cu, S, Cl, hydrocarbons and trace amounts of oxygen. Upon heating, the oxidation state of Cu(I) transitions to Cu (II), accompanied by gas release. Thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry correlated well with the onset of gas release temperature and emission of sulfur-containing volatile gases. Additionally, an acrylic overcoat is applied to enhance the adhesion of the thermally sensitive compound film to the battery pouch foil. This coating is expected to offer an additional safety layer for ESS, alerting possible thermal runaway events before a failure occurs, thereby allowing sufficient time to implement a mitigation plan.

Early warning systems↗
DOE OSTI2026

New Engineering Concepts to High Energy Density Li-S Batteries

Li-S batteries (LSBs) with energy densities > 500 Wh/kg @ C/5 and >1000 cycles, cycle life operating over wide temperatures has been identified to be critical for meeting the global energy demands. Progress is however, very much limited due to several major hurdles related to the following: (a) poor Li' reaction kinetics (conductivity/diffusivity) enabling full reversible S conversion to Li2S, (b) inferior electron (e) conductivity, specific capacity and cycle life due to electrolyte soluble species of polysulfides (PSs) formed with the reaction of Li ions with sulfur migrating to anode, (c) unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation and finally, (d) dendrites that are formed on the Li metal anode severely limiting the cycle life due to polarization at the solid/liquid interfaces causing safety, inferior capacity, energy density, rate, and cycle life issues. Creation of a fully functional economical ≤$80/kWh, high energy density LSBs is vital for enabling its widespread commercial deployment and use in current and next generation electric vehicles.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Los Angeles Air Force Base Vehicle-to-Grid Demonstration (Final Project Report)

Electrification of non-tactical vehicle fleets represents a key efficiency and energy security objective for the United States Department of Defense. To achieve electrification, the department targeted vehicle-to-grid services as a way to decrease the overall cost of operating the vehicle fleet and achieve rough parity with traditional internal combustion engine vehicle fleets. This report describes efforts to aggregate a fleet of bi-directional electric vehicles and charging stations to provide regulation up and regulation down in the California Independent System Operator ancillary services market. A 29-vehicle electric vehicle demonstration fleet, consisting of mixed purpose and duty vehicles such as sedans, pickups, vans, and medium-duty trucks, was deployed at the Los Angeles Air Force base. The fleet provided frequency regulation to the California Independent System Operator’s wholesale electricity market to determine the capability of recouping some of the additional costs of procuring electric vehicles and their supporting infrastructure. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, with its partner Kisensum, LLC, developed the fleet scheduling, optimization, and control software to allow the vehicle fleet at the air force base to participate in the ancillary services markets. This report focuses on the control software and market interactions, the significant challenges faced and solutions devised to address them, and examines the potential of using the electric vehicle fleet as an energy storage resource for the base buildings, an application known as vehicle-tobuilding, in providing demand response and emergency backup power. The report discusses key findings related to providing frequency regulation to the California Independent System Operator market, electric vehicle fleet performance, compatibility of varying resource parameters of vehicle fleet aggregation, the need for automated methods for communicating hour-ahead energy bidding, challenges related to battery capacity and charge/discharge rates, and monthly settlement revenue.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2024

Assessment of Alternative Fueling Infrastructure in the United States

NHTSA uses the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) Model to analyze potential CAFE standards and their impact on emissions and vehicle fleet composition. The CAFE model analyzes the application of potential technologies to the current automotive industry vehicle fleet to determine the feasibility of future CAFE standards and the associated costs and benefits of the standards. A significant portion of the engineering input development is related to the effectiveness (energy consumption reduction) of each fuel-saving technology and the combination of several fuel-saving technologies, including AFVs. The purpose of this report is to deepen NHTSA's understanding of alternative fueling infrastructure and its potential impact on the adoption of alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) so that AFVs can be more accurately and comprehensively incorporated into the CAFE Model. This report analyzes the current state of alternative fueling infrastructure in the United States and its relationship to the light-, medium-, and heavy-duty AFV markets; explores the costs associated with alternative fueling infrastructure; investigates trends driving the deployment of alternative fueling infrastructure; explores how the adoption of various vehicle and fuel technologies may look in the future; and analyzes the evolution of alternative fueling corridors.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Design for Recycling Principles Applicable to Selected Clean Energy Technologies: Crystalline-Silicon Photovoltaic Modules, Electric Vehicle Batteries, and Wind Turbine Blades

Abstract The global growth of clean energy technology deployment will be followed by parallel growth in end-of-life (EOL) products, bringing both challenges and opportunities. Cumulatively, by 2050, estimates project 78 million tonnes of raw materials embodied in the mass of EOL photovoltaic (PV) modules, 12 billion tonnes of wind turbine blades, and by 2030, 11 million tonnes of lithium-ion batteries. Owing partly to concern that the projected growth of these technologies could become constrained by raw material availability, processes for recycling them at EOL continue to be developed. However, none of these technologies are typically designed with recycling in mind, and all of them present challenges to efficient recycling. This article synthesizes and extends design for recycling (DfR) principles based on a review of published industrial and academic best practices as well as consultation with experts in the field. Specific principles developed herein apply to crystalline-silicon PV modules, batteries like those used in electric vehicles, and wind turbine blades, while a set of broader principles applies to all three of these technologies and potentially others. These principles are meant to be useful for stakeholders—such as research and development managers, analysts, and policymakers—in informing and promoting decisions that facilitate DfR and, ultimately, increase recycling rates as a way to enhance the circularity of the clean energy economy. The article also discusses some commercial implications of DfR. Graphical Abstract

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

FY2020 Materials Annual Progress Report

The Materials Technology subprogram supports the Vehicle Technologies Office’s (VTO’s) mission to accelerate the deployment of clean energy technology toward achieving net-zero emissions in the transportation sector. The Propulsion Materials research portfolio seeks to develop higher performance materials that can withstand increasingly extreme environments and address the future properties needed for a variety of high-efficiency powertrain types, sizes, fueling concepts, and combustion modes. The Lightweight Materials research portfolio enables improvements in fuel economy by providing properties that are equal to or better than traditional materials at a lower weight. Because it takes less energy to accelerate a lighter object, replacing cast-iron (Fe) and traditional steel components with lightweight materials—such as advanced high-strength steels (AHSS), magnesium (Mg) alloys, aluminum (Al) alloys, and fiber-reinforced polymer composites—can directly reduce a vehicle’s fuel consumption. By 2025, the Materials Technology research activities seek to enable a 25% weight reduction of the glider for light-duty (LD) vehicles including body, chassis, and interior as compared to a 2015 baseline at no more than a $5/lb-saved increase in cost.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Electrification 2021 Annual Progress Report

During fiscal year 2021 (FY 2021), the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO) funded early-stage research, development, demonstration, & deployment (RDD&D) projects that address Batteries and Electrification of the U.S. transportation sector. The VTO Electrification Sub-Program is composed of Electric Drive Technologies, and Grid Integration activities. The Electric Drive Technologies group conducts R&D projects that advance electric motors and power electronics technologies. The Grid and Charging Infrastructure group conducts R&D projects that advance grid modernization and electric vehicle charging technologies. This document presents a brief overview of the Electrification Sub-Program and progress reports for its R&D projects. Each of the progress reports provide a project overview and highlights of the technical results that were accomplished in fiscal year (FY) 2021.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Materials (FR 2023 Annual Progress Report)

This document summarizes the progress of VTO Materials R&D projects supported during the fiscal year 2023. The Propulsion Materials portfolio is closely aligned with other VTO subprograms to identify critical materials needs for next-generation high-efficiency powertrains for both heavy- and light-duty vehicles. The Lightweight Materials portfolio works closely with industry through the U.S. DRIVE Partnership to understand light-duty vehicle structural weight-reduction goals and identify technical challenges that prevent the deployment of lightweight materials.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Electric Vehicle Standards – Grid Service Capabilities: Evaluation of IEEE 2030.13, SAE J3072, ISO 15118-2, ISO 15118-20, OCPP, IEC 61850-7-420, IEEE 2030.5, and OpenADR

This report examines a selection of standards associated with vehicle-grid-integration. The standards will be evaluated on their support for electric vehicles to provide/participate in component distributed energy resource grid services. Challenges associated with the deployments of the standards will also be discussed.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2023

Energy Optimization of Light and Heavy-Duty Vehicle Cohorts of Mixed Connectivity, Automation and Propulsion System Capabilities via Meshed V2V-V2I and Expanded Data Sharing (Final Scientific and Technical Report)

Vehicle connectivity and automated driving technologies individually have the potential to decrease energy consumption and/or increase safety on light, medium or heavy duty vehicles to varying degrees depending on the traffic infrastructure and specific driving scenarios. Due to advances in sensing, perception and computing power, research and development emphasis in the mobility sector has shifted away from connectivity. Prior research has shown that driving automation with the absence of connectivity can in certain circumstances increase energy consumption. The effectiveness of synergizing connectivity and driving automation technologies is the focus of this work, specifically applied to vehicle cohorts of mixed composition, light and heavy duty, and powertrains ranging from all electric to conventional internal combustion engine. The project team is led by Michigan Technological University (MTU) and partnered with AVL Mobility Technologies Inc. (AVL), Borg Warner (BW), Traffic Technology Services (TTS), American Center for Mobility (ACM) and Navistar (NAV). The main thrusts for the team are to develop a micro-traffic simulation environment with specific VD&PT system attributes and CAV capabilities, 2) field a vehicle test fleet of mixed classification, propulsion and CAV capacity, 3) develop artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) based multi-agent optimization methods for various traffic infrastructures, 4) integrate the virtual environment and the optimization methods then deploy the system as a CAV hardware in the loop (HiL) for the vehicle test fleet and 5) conduct closed track and public road testing to validate simulation and demonstrated energy and mobility improvements at multiple scales. For a cohort of mixed vehicles, the team will demonstrate a reduction of energy consumption of 10-50% at intersection, arterial roadway and limited access highway scenarios through connectivity and automation in simulation and at a closed test track. The energy reduction objectives of the project are summarized in Table 1, indicating the infrastructure and over what distances are relevant considered. Single scenario energy reductions are not relevant and thus, the research team took the approach to vary parameters associated with the infrastructure, vehicle cohort composition and dynamic behavior to generate energy consumption distributions for both unconnected and connected scenarios.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2022

Light-Duty Vehicle Choice Modeling and Transportation Decarbonization Analysis

Light-duty vehicles are the biggest contributor of carbon emissions in the transportation sector. This project uses the Automotive Deployment Options Projection Tool (ADOPT) to explore pathways to light-duty decarbonization through technology improvements being researched by the Department of Energies Vehicle Technology Office. It includes sensitivities to market conditions, such as proposed vehicle purchase incentives, and changes to the Corporate Average Fuel Economy and Greenhouse Gas regulations. The results suggest that achieving the Vehicle Technology Office's research goals will lead to one third of the annual carbon emissions by 2050, primarily through vehicle electrification.

ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS,ENERGY PLANNING, POLIC↗
DOE OSTI2022

System and methods for deploying payloads

Embodiments of the present invention include systems for launching primary or secondary payloads or actuating other launch vehicle or payload or instrumentation devices. The system includes an adapter assembly and at least one sequencer mounted to the adapter assembly. The sequencer includes: controller boards, each of the controller boards having a controller for controlling deployment of the payloads and data files; output ports coupled to the controller boards and configured to transmit signals from the controller boards to dispensers therethrough, deployment mechanisms containing the payloads, the adapter assembly having channels for accommodating the dispensers; and a detector coupled to the controller boards and adapted to detect an external signal and, in response to the external signal, to send an initiation signal to the controller boards. The system also includes at least one power supply coupled to the sequencer and adapted to provide an electrical power to the sequencer.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2025

Station Impact Analysis 2025

As part of the U.S. DOE EVs@Scale consortium, the NextGen Profiles (NGP) project presents analysis and results from the study of High Power Charging Electric Vehicles and Battery Charging Infrastructure. High Power Charging equipment is capable of recharging electric vehicle traction batteries at power levels of 200KW and above. The intent of the project is to further understand the most recent technological capabilities of the electric mobility industry related to charging performance. The project aims to develop EV, EVSE, and Fleet characterization testing practices and comprehensive analysis with inputs from key industry stakeholders. The results published in this NextGen Profiles project report provide data and insight for use by numerous entities including modeling and simulation organizations, policy makers, fleet planners, industry stakeholders and the general public involved with the development, deployment and operation of electrified transportation technologies. The factors influencing Electric Vehicle (EV) Direct Current Fast Charging (DCFC), including EV battery specifications, temperature effects on lithium-ion battery and power electronics performance, lithium-ion battery SOC bounding and charging station design considerations are specifically investigated to analyze their impacts on charging station operation and recommendations are made to minimize charge station dwell time, reduce charging costs and mitigate electric grid and charge station congestion. Additional high-power charging results are anticipated in future publications in support of the U.S. DOE EVs@Scale consortium NextGen Profiles project.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Harnessing the Power of AI: Status and Expansion of Current Domestic Transport Security Through Flexible Embedded Hardware

As applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) continue to expand, there are increasing opportunities to leverage applied AI methodologies with mobile transportation focused embedded systems. Current applications of AI in transportation focus on a variety of areas, including fuel efficiency, safety, security, and other broad fields of optimization or detection. To leverage these AI workflows and methodologies in the field, teams must utilize complex embedded systems capable of implementing these AI-enabled algorithms in real-time. In this paper, we will investigate how these algorithms can be integrated into existing technologies leveraging vehicle data - such as the Controller Area Network Transport Security Tracking and Reporting Unit (C-STAR). The C-STAR technology is an embedded platform with onboard computation capable of running next generation algorithms in vehicle systems AI, such as preventative maintenance, driver authentication, and transport security. As deployed in the field, the C-STAR has a limited AI functionality –this paper will directly discuss how a device like C-STAR can be utilized and the advantages of integrating these new technologies. We will open with relevant background information and transportation projects that leverage AI, focusing specifically on those around transport security such as vehicle identification, anomaly detection, and deterrence. We will then extend this into potential opportunities and scaling for AI methodologies using platforms like the C-STAR. Finally, we will speak directly to the challenges of deploying AI-powered workflows, such as computing power needs, bandwidth, hallucinations, and other regulatory considerations.

Cook, Adian [ORNL] (ORCID:0000000160825395)↗
DOE OSTI2025

Synopsis of NREL's Automated Mobility District (AMD) Research Program and Associated Publications

An automated mobility district (AMD) envisions a system of integrated mobility options that serves major activity centers such as campuses, central business districts, and large medical facilities. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has been investigating the implementation prospects for fully automated passenger transport systems that are deployed to operate within dense urban settings. This document provides a synopsis of findings revealed over the last three phases of work, which have yielded insights into the creation and management of AMDs anticipated to use automated vehicle (AV) technology over the next decade. Phase I and Phase II tracked the deployment and lessons learned from 10 early-stage demonstrations of automated shuttle deployments, and their associated insights into the challenges for automated driving systems to achieve safe operations within district-scale deployments. Phase III began in-depth investigations of critical subsystem components, as automation, electrification, and on-demand service continue to converge within initial AMD operations. These directed studies focus on elements of electrification, curbfront/station management, the role of infrastructure sensing, and overall integration of AMD safety management in central, simultaneous coordination of multiple AMD fleets. Future research in AMDs includes systems engineering methodology (more frequently referred to as "digital twins") for planning, design, testing, and ongoing operation of AMDs; location (or co-location) of management functions; and human supervision and passenger communications for safety and security in unattended vehicles. The synopsis references the foundational research products (papers and presentations) that have been published through conference proceedings, journal articles, and NREL reports.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Traffic Smoothing Using Explicit Local Controllers: Experimental Evidence for Dissipating Stop-and-go Waves with a Single Automated Vehicle in Dense Traffic

This article presents experimental evidence of the ability of a single automated vehicle acting as a controller to effectively dissipate stop-and-go waves in real traffic. The automated vehicle succeeded in stabilizing the speed profile by reducing oscillations in time and speed variations between vehicles during rush hour on I-24 in the Nashville area. Here, we detail the control design, deployment and results obtained in this experiment, conducted as part of the CIRCLES consortium’s “MegaVanderTest” 2022, which involved a total of 100 automated vehicles.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗