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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 181 records · Page 10
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Measurement of branching fractions and direct C P asymmetries for B → K π and B → π π decays at Belle II

We report measurements of the branching fractions and direct C P asymmetries of the decays B 0 → K + π − , B + → K + π 0 , B + → K 0 π + , and B 0 → K 0 π 0 , and use these for testing the standard model through an isospin-based sum rule. In addition, we measure the branching fraction and direct C P asymmetry of the decay B + → π + π 0 and the branching fraction of the decay B 0 → π + π − . The data are collected with the elle II detector from e + e − collisions at the ϒ ( 4 S ) resonance produced by the SuperKEKB asymmetric-energy collider and contain 387 × 10 6 bottom-antibottom meson pairs. Signal yields are determined in two-dimensional fits to background-discriminating variables, and range from 500 to 3900 decays, depending on the channel. We obtain − 0.03 ± 0.13 ± 0.04 for the sum rule in agreement with the standard model expectation of zero and with a precision comparable to the best existing determinations. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Astronomy & Astrophysics↗
DOE OSTI2018

Impact of alternative transmission coeffcient parameterizations on Hauser-Feshbach theory

Here, we investigate different formulations of the transmission coefficient T c , including the form implied by Moldauer’s “sum rule for resonance reactions” and the Moldauer-Simonius form. Within these different formulations, we compute the neutron transmission coefficients in the resolved and unresolved resonance regions, allowing a direct comparison with the transmission coefficients computed using an optical model potential. For nuclei for which there are no measured resonances, these approaches allow one to predict the average neutron resonance parameters directly from the optical model and level densities. Some of the approaches are valid in both the strong and weak coupling limits (i.e., any value of the average width and mean level spacing). Finally, both the Moldauer-Simonius and Moldauer’s Sum Rule forms approaches suggest that superradiance, that is, the quantum chaotic enhancement of certain channels, may be a common phenomena in nuclear collisions. Our results suggest why superradiance has been previously overlooked. We apply our approach to neutron reactions on the closed shell 90 Zr nucleus and the mid-shell 197 Au nucleus.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Electromagnetic response of C 12 : A first-principles calculation

Here, the longitudinal and transverse electromagnetic response functions of $^{12}$C are computed in a ``first-principles'' Green's function Monte Carlo calculation, based on realistic two- and three-nucleon interactions and associated one- and two-body currents. We find excellent agreement between theory and experiment and, in particular, no evidence for the quenching of measured versus calculated longitudinal response. This is further corroborated by a re-analysis of the Coulomb sum rule, in which the contributions from the low-lying $J^\pi\,$=$\, 2^+$, $0^+$ (Hoyle), and $4^+$ states in $^{12}$C are accounted for explicitly in evaluating the total inelastic strength.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2018

A Precision Measurement of Neutral Pion Lifetime

The neutral pion decays via chiral anomaly and this process historically led to the discovery of the chiral anomaly. The p 0 decay width is among the most precise predictions of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) at low energy. However, the current experimental results are not commensurate with theoretical predictions. The Particle Data Group (PDG) average of the experimental results is 7.63  0.16 eV, which is consistent with the chiral anomaly prediction (7.725  0.044 eV). Recent theoretical calculations based on the sum rule and chiral perturbation theories (ChPT) show an increase of 3.0%-4.5% to the chiral anomaly prediction with 1% precision. As a result, a precise measurement of the neutral pion decay width would be one of the most stringent tests of low energy QCD. PrimEx-II experiment measured the neutral pion decay width via the Primakoff effect using two targets, silicon and 12C. The p 0 decay width was extracted by fitting the measured cross sections using recently updated theoretical models for the process. The resulting total p 0 decay width is 7.82  0.05pstatq  0.10psystq eV. With a total uncertainty of 1.8%, this result is the most precise experimental estimation. The PrimEx-II result lies within 0.8 s above the chiral anomaly predition, one s below the sum rule prediction, and 1.8 s below the ChPT calculations. This result is in better agreement with the chiral anomaly prediction.

Zhang, Yang↗
DOE OSTI2024

40 Ca transverse response function from coupled-cluster theory

Here, we present calculations of the 40 Ca transverse response function obtained from coupled-cluster theory used in conjunction with the Lorentz integral transform method. We employ nuclear forces derived at next-to-next-to leading order in chiral effective field theory with and without Δ degrees of freedom. We first benchmark this approach on the 4 He nucleus and compare both the transverse sum rule and the response function to earlier calculations based on different methods. As expected from the power counting of the chiral expansion of electromagnetic currents and from previous studies, our results retaining only one-body term underestimate the experimental data for 4 He by about 20%. However, when the method is applied to 40 Ca at the same order of the expansion, response functions do not lack strength and agree well with the world electron scattering data. We discuss various sources of theoretical uncertainties and comment on the comparison of our results with the available experiments.

39 ≤ A ≤ 58↗
DOE OSTI2021

Measurement of the proton spin structure at long distances

Measuring the spin structure of protons and neutrons tests our understanding of how they arise from quarks and gluons, the fundamental building blocks of nuclear matter. At long distances, the coupling constant of the strong interaction becomes large, requiring non-perturbative methods to calculate quantum chromodynamics processes, such as lattice gauge theory or effective field theories. In this work, we report proton spin structure measurements from scattering a polarized electron beam off polarized protons. The spin-dependent cross-sections were measured at large distances, corresponding to the region of low momentum transfer squared between 0.012 and 1.0GeV 2 . This kinematic range provides unique tests of chiral effective field theory predictions. Our results show that a complete description of the nucleon spin remains elusive, and call for further theoretical works, for example, in lattice quantum chromodynamics. Finally, our data extrapolated to the photon point agree with the Gerasimov–Drell–Hearn sum rule, a fundamental prediction of quantum field theory that relates the anomalous magnetic moment of the proton to its integrated spin-dependent cross-sections.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Evidence against naive truncations of the OPE from e + e − → hadrons below charm

The operator product expansion (OPE), truncated in dimension, is employed in many contexts. An example is the extraction of the strong coupling, $\alpha_s$, from hadronic $\tau$-decay data, using a variety of analysis methods based on finite-energy sum rules. Here, we reconsider a long-used method, which parametrizes non-perturbative contributions to the $I=1$ vector and axial vacuum polarizations with the OPE, setting several higher-dimension coefficients to zero in order to implement the method in practice. The assumption that doing this has a negligible effect on the value of $\alpha_s$ is tantamount to the assumption that the low-dimension part of the OPE converges rapidly with increasing dimension near the $\tau$ mass. Were this assumption valid, it would certainly have to be valid at energies above the $\tau$ mass as well. It follows that the method can be tested using data obtained from $e^+e^-\to\mbox{hadrons}$, as they are not limited by the kinematic constraints of $\tau$ decays. We carry out such an investigation using a recent high-precision compilation for the $R$ ratio, arguing that it provides insights into the validity of the strategy, even if it probes a different, though related channel. We find that $e^+e^-$-based tests call into question the implied assumption of rapid convergence of the low-dimension part of the OPE around the $\tau$ mass, and thus underscore the need to restrict finite-energy sum-rule analyses to observables which receive only contributions from lower-order terms in the OPE.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Measurements of d 2 n and A 1 n : Probing the neutron spin structure

We report on the results of the E06-014 experiment performed at Jefferson Lab in Hall A, where a precision measurement of the twist-3 matrix element $d_2$ of the neutron ($d_{2}^{n}$) was conducted. This quantity represents the average color Lorentz force a struck quark experiences in a deep inelastic electron scattering event off a neutron due to its interaction with the hadronizing remnants. This color force was determined from a linear combination of the third moments of the spin structure functions $g_1$ and $g_2$ on $^{3}$He after nuclear corrections had been applied to these moments. The kinematics included two average $Q^{2}$ bins of $3.2$ GeV$^{2}$ and $4.3$ GeV$^{2}$, and Bjorken-$x$ $0.25 \leq x \leq 0.90$ covering the DIS and resonance regions. We found $d_2^n$ to be small and negative for $ = 3.2$ GeV$^{2}$, and smaller for $ = 4.3$ GeV$^{2}$, consistent with a lattice QCD calculation. The twist-4 matrix element $f_{2}^{n}$ was extracted by combining our $d_{2}^{n}$ with the world data on $\Gamma_{1}^{n} = \int_{0}^{1} g_{1}^{n} dx$. We found $f_{2}^{n}$ to be roughly an order of magnitude larger than $d_{2}^{n}$. Utilizing the extracted $d_{2}^{n}$ and $f_{2}^{n}$ data, we separated the color force into its electric and magnetic components, $F_{E}^{y,n}$ and $F_{B}^{y,n}$, and found them to be equal and opposite in magnitude, in agreement with instanton model predictions but not with those from QCD sum rules. Additionally, we have extracted the neutron virtual photon-nucleon asymmetry $A_{1}^{n}$, the structure function ratio $g_{1}^{n}/F_{1}^{n}$, and the quark ratios $(\Delta u + \Delta \bar{u})/(u + \bar{u})$ and $(\Delta d + \Delta \bar{d})/(d + \bar{d})$. Lastly, these results were found to be consistent with DIS world data and with the prediction of the constituent quark model but at odds with those of perturbative QCD at large $x$.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
NASA NTRS2004

Deriving Laws from Ordering Relations

The effect of Richard T. Cox's contribution to probability theory was to generalize Boolean implication among logical statements to degrees of implication, which are manipulated using rules derived from consistency with Boolean algebra. These rules are known as the sum rule, the product rule and Bayes Theorem, and the measure resulting from this generalization is probability. In this paper, I will describe how Cox s technique can be further generalized to include other algebras and hence other problems in science and mathematics. The result is a methodology that can be used to generalize an algebra to a calculus by relying on consistency with order theory to derive the laws of the calculus. My goals are to clear up the mysteries as to why the same basic structure found in probability theory appears in other contexts, to better understand the foundations of probability theory, and to extend these ideas to other areas by developing new mathematics and new physics. The relevance of this methodology will be demonstrated using examples from probability theory, number theory, geometry, information theory, and quantum mechanics.

Knuth, Kevin H.↗
DOE OSTI2018

The Nuclear Spin Scissors Mode—Theory and Experiment

A new type of nuclear collective motion—the spin scissors mode—was predicted seven years ago. Promising signs of its existence in {sup 232}Th were found. We perform a systematic analysis of experimental data on M1 excitations in rare earth nuclei to find traces of the spin scissors mode in this area. Obvious signs of its existence will be demonstrated. We propose new criteria to attribute the observed 1{sup +} states to the scissors mode, entailing that the agreement of the experimental data with the results of our calculations and with the sum rules is improved substantially.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Generalized parton distributions from meson leptoproduction

Generalized parton distributions (GPDs) extracted from exclusive meson leptoproduction within the handbag approach are briefly reviewed. Only the GPD E is discussed in some detail. Applications of these GPDs to virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) and to Ji’s sum rule are also presented.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Self-duality for the two-component asymmetric simple exclusion process

We study a two-component asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP) that is equivalent to the ASEP with second-class particles. We prove self-duality with respect to a family of duality functions which are shown to arise from the reversible measures of the process and the symmetry of the generator under the quantum algebra U{sub q}[gl{sub 3}]. We construct all invariant measures in explicit form and discuss some of their properties. We also prove a sum rule for the duality functions.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2015

Enigmatic photon absorption in plasmas near solar interior conditions

Large systematic discrepancies between theoretical and experimental photon absorption of Fe plasmas applicable to the solar interior were reported [Bailey et al., Nature 517, 56 (2015)]. The disagreement is examined in the context of the Thomas–Reiche–Kuhn f-sum rule. Herein, te analysis identifies several anomalies in the experimental results.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2017

On properties of low-lying spin-1 hadron resonances

Properties of low-lying spin-1 hadron resonances are described in the review. It is shown how the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model can be extended in the chiral invariant way by new tensor interactions. New mass formulas are obtained, which are not based on unitary symmetry groups but involve particles from different multiplets even with opposite parity. They all are in good agreement with experimental data. Dynamic properties of spin-1 mesons confirmed by the calculations performed using the QCD sum rule technique and the lattice calculations are understood and explained.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Invariant currents and scattering off locally symmetric potential landscapes

We study the effect of discrete symmetry breaking in inhomogeneous scattering media within the framework of generic wave propagation. Our focus is on one-dimensional scattering potentials exhibiting local symmetries. We find a class of spatially invariant nonlocal currents, emerging when the corresponding generalized potential exhibits symmetries in arbitrary spatial domains. These invariants characterize the wave propagation and provide a spatial mapping of the wave function between any symmetry related domains. This generalizes the Bloch and parity theorems for broken reflection and translational symmetries, respectively. Their nonvanishing values indicate the symmetry breaking, whereas a zero value denotes the restoration of the global symmetry where the well-known forms of the two theorems are recovered. These invariants allow for a systematic treatment of systems with any local symmetry combination, providing a tool for the investigation of the scattering properties of aperiodic but locally symmetric systems. To this aim we express the transfer matrix of a locally symmetric potential unit via the corresponding invariants and derive quantities characterizing the complete scattering device which serve as key elements for the investigation of transmission spectra and particularly of perfect transmission resonances. -- Highlights: •We show that local discrete symmetries yield invariant currents. •Bloch and parity theorems are generalized when the associated symmetries are broken. •Formulation of scattering via the symmetry-induced invariant currents. •We provide sum rules for the invariant currents characterizing perfect transmission.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2014

Hyperon matter at low densities

It was reported recently that hyperons can be present inside PSRJ1614-2230 compact star. This can be realized only if the strength of the ω-hyperons and φ-hyperons coupling of conventional hyperons coupling constant on the extended relativistic mean field (ERMF) model increase by a factor of 1.5 to 3. In the present work, the mass and radius relation of the neutron star that is calculated by using BSR28 parameter set of ERMF model augmented with maximal coupling strength of the ω-hyperons and φ-hyperons (X=1), is compared to the mass and radius relation of the neutron star that is predicted by the same RMF parameter set but by assuming that hyperons do not exist in the matter (No. Hyp) as well as those by assuming the hyperons coupling constant fulfilled the conventional SU(6) and SU(3) symmetry. The consequences of implementing X=1 prescription are also discussed. The potential depths of hyperons in symmetric nuclear matter (SNM), pure neutron matter (PNM) and pure lambda matter (PLM) based on this parameter set are also calculated by using the X=1, SU (6) and SU (3) prescriptions. The results are compared to those obtained from microscopic models, quark meson coupling model (χ QMM) and the QCD sum rule for finite density (QCD SM) result.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2015

The consequences of improperly describing oscillator strengths beyond the electric dipole approximation

The interaction between a quantum mechanical system and plane wave light is usually modeled within the electric dipole approximation. This assumes that the intensity of the incident field is constant over the length of the system and transition probabilities are described in terms of the electric dipole transition moment. For short wavelength spectroscopies, such as X-ray absorption, the electric dipole approximation often breaks down. Higher order multipoles are then included to describe transition probabilities. The square of the magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole are often included, but this results in an origin-dependent expression for the oscillator strength. The oscillator strength can be made origin-independent if all terms through the same order in the wave vector are retained. We will show the consequences and potential pitfalls of using either of these two expressions. It is shown that the origin-dependent expression may violate the Thomas-Reiche-Kuhn sum rule and the origin-independent expression can result in negative transition probabilities.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2016

Top-down holographic glueball decay rates

We present new results on the decay patterns of scalar and tensor glueballs in the top-down holographic Witten-Sakai-Sugimoto model. This model, which has only one free dimensionless parameter, gives semi-quantitative predictions for the vector meson spectrum, their decay widths, and also a gluon condensate in agreement with SVZ sum rules. The holographic predictions for scalar glueball decay rates are compared with experimental data for the widely discussed gluon candidates f{sub 0}(1500) and f{sub 0}(1710)

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗