Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “so2”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 181 records · Page 10
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1993

SO2-rock interaction on Io - Reaction under highly oxidizing conditions

Laboratory simulations are used here to test the possibility that interactions of SO2 and silicates can produce Na-S compounds which can account for the observed surface enrichment of Na relative to Si on Io. It is concluded that there are three viable hypotheses for the nature and origin of the Na compounds on the surface of Io: (1) Na2SO4 from SO2-silicate interactions, (2) Na-sulfides from elemental S, silicate interactions, and (3) directly erupted volcanic Na. The present studies indicate the elemental Si is not required to form Na compounds in crustal igneous interactions. Thus, the presence of Na compounds provides no constraint on elemental S but igneous formation of Na-S compounds is not tied to models of Io which contain elemental S.

Johnson, M. L.↗
NASA NTRS1993

SO2 on Venus: IUE, HST and ground-based measurements, and the active volcanism connection

Magellan images have shown that the volcanic features are widespread over the surface of Venus. The question of whether there is active volcanism is important for understanding both the atmospheric and the geological processes on Venus. The thick cloud cover of Venus precludes any direct observation of active volcanoes even if they exist. The only means of monitoring the active volcanism on Venus at present seems to be remote sensing from Earth. Continuous monitoring of SO2 is important to establish the long term trend of SO2 abundance and to understand the physical mechanism responsible for the change.

Na, C. Y.↗
NASA NTRS1994

O3, SO2, NO2, and UVB measurements in Beijing and Baseline Station of northwestern part of China

A MKII Brewer ozone spectrometer was used in Beijing from Oct. 1990 to June 1991 to measure O3, SO2 and UVB radiation. And since Nov. 1991 a new MKIV Brewer spectrometer, which can take the measurements of O3, SO2, NO2 and UVB radiation, has been set up in Beijing. The MKII Brewer spectrometer was moved to Qinghai baseline station which is on the Qinghai-tibetean plateau in the northwestern part of China. Both the data in Beijing and Qinghai baseline station has been analyzed and some results will be shown here along with the ozone profiles botained through the Umkehr program given by AES of Canada for the Brewer ozone spectrometer.

Guo, Song↗
NASA NTRS1998

Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy of Atmospheric Trace Gases HCl, NO and SO2

Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectral data have been recorded in the spectral region 400-4000/cm of hydrogen chloride and sulfur dioxide with I/cm resolution and of nitric oxide with 0.25 cm-i resolution, under quasi-static conditions, when the sample gas was passed through tubings of aluminum, copper, stainless steel and teflon. The absorbance was measured for the rotational lines of the fundamental bands of (1)H(35)Cl and (1)H(37)Cl for pressures in the range 100-1000 Torr and for the (14)N(16)O molecule in the range 100-300 Torr. The absorbance was also measured for individual rotational lines corresponding to the three modes of vibrations (upsilon(sub 1) - symmetric stretch, upsilon(sub 2) - symmetric bend, upsilon(sub 3) - anti-symmetric stretch) of the SO2 molecule in the pressure range 25-150 Torr. A graph of absorbance versus pressure was plotted for the observed rotational transitions of the three atmospherically significant molecules, and it was found that the absorbance was linearly proportional to the pressure range chosen, thereby validating Beer's law. The absorption cross-sections were determined from the graphical slopes for each rotational transition recorded for the HCl, NO and SO2 species. Qualitative and quantitative spectral changes in the FT-IR data will be discussed to identify and characterize various tubing materials with respect to their absorption features.

Haridass, C.↗
NASA NTRS2005

Influence of Tropospheric SO2 Emissions on Particle Formation and the Stratospheric Humidity

Stratospheric water vapor plays an important role in the chemistry and radiation budget of the stratosphere. Throughout the last decades stratospheric water vapor levels have increased and several processes have been suggested to contribute to this trend. Here we present a mechanism that would link increasing anthropogenic SO2 emissions in southern and eastern Asia with an increase in stratospheric water. Trajectory studies and model simulations suggest that the SO2 increase results in the formation of more sulfuric acid aerosol particles in the upper tropical troposphere. As a consequence, more ice crystals of smaller size are formed in the tropical tropopause, which are lifted into the stratosphere more readily. Our model calculations suggest that such a mechanism could increase the amount of water that entered the stratosphere in the condensed phase by up to 0.5 ppmv from 1950-2000.

Notholt, J.↗
NASA NTRS2012

Flux Calculation Using CARIBIC DOAS Aircraft Measurements: SO2 Emission of Norilsk

Based on a case-study of the nickel smelter in Norilsk (Siberia), the retrieval of trace gas fluxes using airborne remote sensing is discussed. A DOAS system onboard an Airbus 340 detected large amounts of SO2 and NO2 near Norilsk during a regular passenger flight within the CARIBIC project. The remote sensing data were combined with ECMWF wind data to estimate the SO2 output of the Norilsk industrial complex to be around 1 Mt per year, which is in agreement with independent estimates. This value is compared to results using data from satellite remote sensing (GOME, OMI). The validity of the assumptions underlying our estimate is discussed, including the adaptation of this method to other gases and sources like the NO2 emissions of large industries or cities.

Walter, D.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Joint Assimilation of CO, O3, NO2, SO2, PM, AOD, NH4, PAN, and HNO3 in Support of the Tropospheric Regional Atmospheric Composition and Emissions Reanalysis (2005 - 2024) (TRACER-I)

NASA Ames Research Center is collaborating with the NOAA Chemical Systems Laboratory (NOAA/CSL), the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), the NASA Goddard Modeling and Assimilation Office, and the National Center for Atmospheric Research to prepare a 20-year Tropospheric Regional Atmospheric Composition and Emissions Reanalysis (2005 – 2024) (TRACER-I) for the continental United States during the summer ozone (O3) and wildfire seasons (April to October). TRACER-I will be a regional complement to JPL’s global Tropospheric Chemistry Reanalyses II and III. We will use WRF-Chem/DART with NOAA/CSL’s WRF-Chem setup at 12 km x 12 km horizontal resolution, 51 vertical levels, and 30 ensemble members. We will assimilate: (i) conventional meteorological observations; (ii) EPA’s Air Quality System in situ measurements of carbon monoxide (CO), O3, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), particulate matter (PM) with diameters less than 10 µm (PM10), and PM with diameters less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5); and (iii) MOPITT, MODIS, OMI, TROPOMI, GOME-2a, MLS, TES, SCIAMACHY, CrIS, and TEMPO total/partial column and/or profile retrievals of CO, O3, NO2, SO2, aerosol optical depth (AOD), formaldehyde (HCHO), ammonia (NH4), peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), and/or nitric acid (HNO3) with 3-hr cycling. We will present an overview of this project, its status, and available results (likely the analysis of sensitivity experiment results from the assimilation/emissions estimation system).

data assimilation↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on SO2 by Materials Project

SO2 is Copper structured and crystallizes in the orthorhombic Aea2 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four sulfur dioxide molecules. S4+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two equivalent O2- atoms. Both S–O bond lengths are 1.45 Å. O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S4+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cs(SO2)2 by Materials Project

Cs(SO2)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Cs sites. In the first Cs site, Cs is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to two equivalent S and eight O atoms. Both Cs–S bond lengths are 3.84 Å. There are a spread of Cs–O bond distances ranging from 3.13–3.56 Å. In the second Cs site, Cs is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to ten O atoms. There are a spread of Cs–O bond distances ranging from 3.13–3.67 Å. There are four inequivalent S sites. In the first S site, S is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two O atoms. Both S–O bond lengths are 1.46 Å. In the second S site, S is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one S and three O atoms. The S–S bond length is 2.14 Å. There are a spread of S–O bond distances ranging from 1.46–1.48 Å. In the third S site, S is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Cs and two S atoms. The S–S bond length is 2.16 Å. In the fourth S site, S is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one S and three O atoms. There is one shorter (1.46 Å) and two longer (1.47 Å) S–O bond length. There are eight inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two Cs and one S atom. In the second O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cs and one S atom. In the third O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to three Cs and one S atom. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two equivalent Cs and one S atom. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to three Cs and one S atom. In the sixth O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two equivalent Cs and one S atom. In the seventh O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to three Cs and one S atom. In the eighth O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two Cs and one S atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on SiAg8(SO2)2 by Materials Project

Ag8Si(SO2)2 crystallizes in the tetragonal I4_1/amd space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Ag1+ sites. In the first Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one S2- and two equivalent O2- atoms. The Ag–S bond length is 2.54 Å. Both Ag–O bond lengths are 3.06 Å. In the second Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one S2- and two equivalent O2- atoms. The Ag–S bond length is 2.34 Å. Both Ag–O bond lengths are 2.25 Å. In the third Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two equivalent S2- and two equivalent O2- atoms. Both Ag–S bond lengths are 2.71 Å. Both Ag–O bond lengths are 2.68 Å. Si4+ is bonded to four equivalent O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent SAg6O2 hexagonal bipyramids. All Si–O bond lengths are 1.66 Å. S2- is bonded to six Ag1+ and two equivalent O2- atoms to form distorted SAg6O2 hexagonal bipyramids that share corners with four equivalent SAg6O2 hexagonal bipyramids and corners with two equivalent SiO4 tetrahedra. Both S–O bond lengths are 2.56 Å. O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to four Ag1+, one Si4+, and one S2- atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on La3CoW(SO2)3 by Materials Project

La3WCo(SO2)3 crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. La3+ is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to four equivalent S2- and six equivalent O2- atoms. There are a spread of La–S bond distances ranging from 2.99–3.24 Å. There are a spread of La–O bond distances ranging from 2.47–2.71 Å. W6+ is bonded in a distorted pentagonal pyramidal geometry to six equivalent O2- atoms. All W–O bond lengths are 1.97 Å. Co3+ is bonded to six equivalent S2- atoms to form face-sharing CoS6 octahedra. All Co–S bond lengths are 2.30 Å. S2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four equivalent La3+ and two equivalent Co3+ atoms. O2- is bonded to three equivalent La3+ and one W6+ atom to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing OLa3W tetrahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on La3FeW(SO2)3 by Materials Project

La3WFe(SO2)3 crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. La3+ is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to four equivalent S2- and six equivalent O2- atoms. There are a spread of La–S bond distances ranging from 3.04–3.20 Å. There are a spread of La–O bond distances ranging from 2.45–2.75 Å. W6+ is bonded in a distorted pentagonal pyramidal geometry to six equivalent O2- atoms. All W–O bond lengths are 1.97 Å. Fe3+ is bonded to six equivalent S2- atoms to form face-sharing FeS6 octahedra. All Fe–S bond lengths are 2.45 Å. S2- is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to four equivalent La3+, two equivalent Fe3+, and four equivalent O2- atoms. There are two shorter (3.20 Å) and two longer (3.24 Å) S–O bond lengths. O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three equivalent La3+, one W6+, and two equivalent S2- atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on La3NiW(SO2)3 by Materials Project

La3WNi(SO2)3 crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. La3+ is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to four equivalent S2- and six equivalent O2- atoms. There are a spread of La–S bond distances ranging from 3.00–3.18 Å. There are a spread of La–O bond distances ranging from 2.45–2.72 Å. W6+ is bonded in a distorted pentagonal pyramidal geometry to six equivalent O2- atoms. All W–O bond lengths are 1.97 Å. Ni3+ is bonded to six equivalent S2- atoms to form NiS6 octahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent OLa3WS2 tetrahedra, edges with six equivalent OLa3WS2 tetrahedra, and faces with two equivalent NiS6 octahedra. All Ni–S bond lengths are 2.39 Å. S2- is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to four equivalent La3+, two equivalent Ni3+, and four equivalent O2- atoms. There are two shorter (3.19 Å) and two longer (3.24 Å) S–O bond lengths. O2- is bonded to three equivalent La3+, one W6+, and two equivalent S2- atoms to form distorted OLa3WS2 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent NiS6 octahedra, corners with ten equivalent OLa3WS2 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one NiS6 octahedra, edges with five equivalent OLa3WS2 tetrahedra, and faces with two equivalent OLa3WS2 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 41–46°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Ionic strength dependence of the oxidation of SO2 by H2O2 in sodium chloride particles

The reaction of sulfur dioxide and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of deliquesced (>75% RH) sodium particles was studied by utilizing a crossflow-mini reactor. The reaction kinetics was followed by observing chloride depletion in particles by computer-controlled scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-ray analysis, namely SEM/EDX. The reactions take place in concentrated mixed salt brine aerosols, for which no complete kinetic equilibrium data previously existed. We measured the Henry’s law solubility of H2O2 to close that gap. We also calculated the reaction rate as the particle transforms continuously from concentrated NaCl brine to eventually a mixed NaHSO4 plus H2SO4 brine solution. The reaction rate of the SO2 oxidation by H2O2 was found to be influenced by the change in ionic strength as the particle undergoes compositional transformation, following closely the dependence of the third order rate constant on ionic strength as predicted rates using previously established rate equations. This is the first study that has measured the ionic strength dependence of sulfate formation (in non-aqueous media) from oxidation of mixed salt brine aerosols in the presence of H2O2. It also gives the first report of the Henry’s law constant of H2O2 dependence on ionic strength.

Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory↗