Lithium Metal Anode Self Discharge
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Harrison, Katharine Lee↗
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Results for “lithium anode”
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Conductive polymer binder for a novel silicon/graphene anode in lithium ion batteries
A composite electrode prepared from silicon-graphene material and conductive polymer binder poly (1-pyrenemethyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) for use in lithium-ion batteries.
Lux, Simon↗
Semi-tubular carbon film for stable lithium metal anodes and methods of manufacture thereof
A method of forming a battery electrode by forming, on a first substrate, a polymer template comprising interconnected polymer fibers, forming, on the polymer template, a carbon coating to form a carbon-coated polymer template, removing the carbon-coated polymer template from the first substrate, subsequent to removing the carbon-coated polymer template from the first substrate, removing the polymer template from the carbon coating, and disposing the carbon coating on a second substrate. A solid electrolyte interphase layer (SEI) comprising the carbon coating produced via the method, a battery electrode comprising such an SEI layer, and a battery comprising such a battery electrode are also provided.
Ren, Zhifeng↗
Anomalous Self-Optimizing Microporous Graphene-Based Lithium-ion Battery Anode from Laser Activation
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Zhang, Binghao↗
Large-Area Lithium Electrode Sub-Assemblies (LESAs) Protected by Self Forming Microstructured Polymer-Inorganic Single-Ion Conducting Composites (Final Report)
The aim of this project is to realize a low-cost, safe, reversible, high-areal capacity lithium metal electrode though the use of scalable, low-cost Lithium Electrode Sub-Assembly (LESA). At its core, the LESA applies novel polymer scaffolds to nanostructure inorganic ionic materials into high-conductivity composites that stabilize lithium anodes during high-rate, high-capacity cycling in lithium metal batteries. Fundamental investigations from this project identified a newly defined region of stability for composites with respect to the shear modulus and lithium molar volume ratio which have been broadly applied in the scientific literature for a multitude of different systems. The advancements achieved in this field have furthered the fundamental understanding of lithium metal electrode chemistry and degradation mechanisms and resulted in a lithium metal anode with improved cycle life.
25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
Lithiated and passivated lithium ion battery anodes
An electrode material includes a lithium active material composition. The lithium active material composition includes lithium and an active anode material. The lithium active material composition is coated with a lithium ion conducting passivating material, such that the electrode material is lithiated and pre-passivated. An electrode and a battery are also disclosed. Methods of making an electrode material, electrode and battery that are lithiated and pre-passivated are also disclosed.
Sacci, Robert L.↗
Development and Applications of an eReaxFF Force Field for Graphitic Anodes of Lithium-Ion Batteries
Graphene is one of the most promising materials for lithium-ion battery anodes due to its superior electronic conductivity, high surface area for lithium intercalation, fast ionic diffusivity and enhanced specific capacity. A reliable description of many battery processes requires an explicit description of electrochemical interactions involving electrons. A detailed atomistic modeling of electronic conduction and non-zero voltage simulations of graphitic materials require the inclusion of an explicit electronic degree of freedom. To enable large length- and time-scale simulations of electron conduction in graphitic anodes, we developed an eReaxFF force field concept describing graphitic materials with an explicit electron. The newly developed force field, verified against quantum chemistry-based data describing, amongst others, electron affinities and equation of states, reproduces the qualitative behavior of electron conductivity in pristine and imperfect graphitic materials at different applied temperatures and voltages. In addition, excess electron localization near a defect site estimated from eReaxFF simulations agree quite well with the corresponding density functional theory calculations. Here, our eReaxFF simulations show the initiation of lithium-metal-plating driven by electron transfer from the graphene surface to the exposed lithium ions demonstrating the method’s potential for studying lithium-graphene interactions with explicit electrons and explain many unresolved electrode and electrode-electrolyte interface processes.
25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
C@SnS 2 core-shell 0D/2D nanocomposite with excellent electrochemical performance as lithium-ion battery anode
C@SnS 2 core-shell 0D/2D nanocomposite was successfully prepared by a one-step hydrothermal method. The SnS 2 nanosheets were heterogeneously nucleated and grown on the surface of carbon spheres. As an anode for lithium-ion batteries, the electrochemical performance of the C@SnS 2 composite outperforms that of SnS 2 nanoflowers. After 100 cycles, the reversible discharge specific capacity reaches an impressive value of 802 mAh g -1 at a current density of 100 mA g -1 . Even after 600 cycles, the discharge specific capacity remains a value of 442 mAh g -1 , under a high current density of 1 A g -1 . Further, this remarkable lithium-ion storage performance can be attributed to the unique core-shell nanostructure and the synergy between SnS 2 nanosheets and carbon spheres. This study advances our understanding of the vital role of carbon in fabricating nano-heterojunction or composite electrodes and provides a feasible route to significantly improve the electrochemical properties of SnS 2 and other metal sulfides.
25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
Pitch Carbon-coated Ultrasmall Si Nanoparticle Lithium-ion Battery Anodes Exhibiting Reduced Reactivity with Carbonate-based Electrolyte
Silicon anodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have the potential for higher energy density compared to conventionally used graphite-based LIB anodes. However, silicon anodes exhibit poor cycle and calendar lifetimes due to mechanical instabilities and high chemical and electrochemical reactivity with the carbonate-based electrolytes that are typically used in LIBs. In this work, we synthesize a pitch carbon-coated silicon nanoparticle composite active material for LIB anodes that exhibits reduced chemical reactivity with carbonate-based electrolytes compared to an uncoated silicon anode. Silicon primary particle sizes less than 10 nm diameter minimize micro-scale mechanical degradation of the anode composite, while conformal coatings of pitch carbon minimize the parasitic reactions between the silicon and the electrolyte. When matched with a high voltage NMC622 (LiNi 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 O 2 ) cathode, the pitch carbon-coated silicon anode retains approximately 75% of its initial capacity at the end of 1000 cycles. Increasing the areal loading of the pitch carbon-coated silicon anodes to realize energy density improvements over graphite anodes results in severe mechanical degradation on the electrode level, highlighting a remaining challenge to be addressed in future work.
25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
Hex-C 558 : A new porous metallic carbon allotrope for lithium-ion battery anode
Due to the limited specific capacity of graphite anodes in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), it is imperative to find alternatives with better performance. Here in this work, we propose, for the first time, a three dimensional (3D) porous metallic 5-5-8 carbon monolith with hexagonal lattice as a potential candidate. With 5-5-8 carbon nanoribbon as the building block, this material, named Hex-C558, goes beyond graphene-nanoribbon-based 3D porous carbon structures. Using first-principles calculations, we show that Hex-C 558 is not only dynamically and thermally stable, but also is energetically more favorable than many other theoretically predicted carbon allotropes. More importantly, Hex-C 558 is metallic with ordered ionic conducting channels and possesses a low mass density of 1.05 gcm -3 , exhibiting great potential for ion-battery applications. As an anode for LIBs, Hex-C558 possesses a large specific capacity of 591 mAhg -1 , low diffusion energy barrier of 0.27 eV (at low Li concentration) and 0.52 eV (at high Li concentration), a low open-circuit voltage of 0.51 V, and a small volume change of 2.4%. This work provides a new route for the design and synthesis of novel carbon materials for battery applications by using pentagon-based building units.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
A simple method for producing bio-based anode materials for lithium-ion batteries
Renewable biomaterials are catalytically converted to graphite for use in lithium-ion anodes using a simple and scalable process.
Sagues, William J.↗
Parametric analysis of anodic degradation mechanisms for fast charging lithium batteries with graphite anode
In this work, we report the impact of the temperature-driven synergistically-coupled anodic degradation mechanisms on the electrochemical performance of lithium batteries with graphite anode over multiple cycles. Temperature dependence of electrochemical reactions and damage mechanisms, such as solid electrolyte interface (SEI) growth, lithium plating/stripping, dead lithium storage/dissolution, and film cracking are incorporated into the degradation model. Results of a parametric analysis are presented, evaluating the effects of charging rates (1–6 C), operating temperatures (-15 – 45°C) and electrode design parameters, on the relative performance fade in the lithium-ion battery. Thermo-electrochemical process maps are developed to provide insights into the relationship between electrode performance and failure mechanisms. The simulation results predict a severe capacity loss due to lithium plating at low temperatures, which is further aggravated at high charging rates. A common strategy for mitigating lithium plating, through charging at high temperatures, also results in rapid capacity loss due to accelerated SEI formation. Simulation results are used to identify the combination of operating conditions and electrode design parameters that improve the electrochemical performance of the battery. These results demonstrate an opportunity to design safe and high-performance lithium-ion batteries, guided by anodic degradation models.
Battery design↗
Synthesizing Highly Crystalline Graphite Powder from Bulk Polyethylene Waste for Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes
Upcycling plastic waste into graphite can potentially be used, in conjunction with other methods, to manage existing waste materials and diversify graphite supply chains. However, synthesizing large quantities of crystalline graphite powder from plastic waste, particularly polyethylene (PE), remains a challenge because PE decomposes into light gases during thermal processing and simple methods do not exist at any appreciable size scale to address this challenge. In this work, a method is developed for air processing bulk forms of PE waste to create stable carbon char that does not readily decompose during high-temperature processing. This method employs solid additives in the form of salts, which are combined with the PE melt during air processing to increase the effective surface area of the melt and improve the oxygen-driven chemistry that stabilizes PE for high-temperature processing. After removal of the solid salt additives from the PE-derived char, it is converted into a highly crystalline bulk graphite powder using an Fe-based catalytic process. The PE-derived graphite anode in a lithium-ion coin cell showed a specific capacity of 345 mAh/g at 0.05C with an initial Coulombic efficiency of 87% and reversible capacity retention of ~100% at different current rates. It also showed a specific capacity of up to 313 mAh/g at 0.5 discharge/charge cycles per hour (0.5C) and Coulombic efficiency of 99.9% after 250 cycles, indicating excellent electrochemical performance as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries. This method illustrates that there are opportunities for upcycling large quantities of PE waste to produce graphite powders suitable for use in LIBs.
25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
A KMnO 4 -Generated Colloidal Electrolyte for Redox Mediation and Anode Protection in a Li–Air Battery
The rechargeable lithium-oxygen (Li-O 2 ) battery has the highest theoretical specific energy density of any rechargeable batteries and could transform energy storage systems if a practical device could be attained. However, among numerous challenges, which are all interconnected, are polarization due to sluggish kinetics, low cycle life, small capacity, and slow rates. Here, in this study, we report on use of KMnO 4 to generate a colloidal electrolyte made up of MnO 2 nanoparticles. The resulting electrolyte provides a redox mediator for reducing the charge potential and lithium anode protection to increase cycle life. This electrolyte in combination with a stable binary transition metal dichalcogenide alloy, Nb 0.5 Ta 0.5 S 2 , as the cathode enables the operation of a Li-O 2 battery at a current density of 1 mA center dot cm -2 and specific capacity ranging from 1000 to 10000 mA center dot h center dot g -1 (corresponding to 0.1-1 mA center dot h center dot cm -2 ) in a dry air environment with a cycle life of up to 150. This colloidal electrolyte provides a robust approach for advancing Li-air batteries.
25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
In Situ Formation of Li 3 P Layer Enables Fast Li + Conduction across Li/Solid Polymer Electrolyte Interface
Abstract Solid‐state polymer electrolytes provide better flexibility and electrode contact than their ceramic counterparts, making them a worthwhile pursuit for all‐solid‐state lithium‐metal batteries. However, their large Li/solid state electrolyte interfacial resistance, small critical current density, and rapid lithium dendrite growth during cycling still limit their viability. Owing to these restrictions, all‐solid‐state cells with solid polymer electrolytes must be cycled above room‐temperature and with a small current density. These problems can be mitigated with an in situ formed artificial solid electrolyte interphase that rapidly conducts Li + ions. Herein, a Li 3 P layer formed in situ at the Li‐metal/solid polymer electrolyte interphase is reported that significantly reduces the electrode/electrolyte interfacial resistance. Additionally, this layer increases the wettability of the solid polymer by the metallic lithium anode, allowing for the critical current density of lithium symmetric cells to be doubled by homogenizing the current density at the interface. All‐solid‐state Li/Li symmetric cells and Li/LiFePO 4 cells with the Li 3 P layer show improved cycling performance with a high current density.
Wu, Nan↗