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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 181 records · Page 10
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1974

An Analytical Investigation of Wing-Jet Interaction

The aerodynamic interaction between the wing and an inviscid jet with Mach number nonuniformity is formulated by using a two-vortex-sheet model for the jet. One of the vortex sheets accounts for the induced jet flow and the other the induced outer flow. No additional source distribution is needed for the jet at an angle of attack. The above problem is solved by satisfying the jet and wing tangency and the jet pressure-continuity conditions and using a quasi vortex lattice method for computing the induced flow field. The latter method is derived through theoretical consideration by properly accounting for singularities present in the equations and possesses the same simplicity and generality as the conventional vortex lattice method but has a better rate of numerical convergence. The resulting system of algebraic equations is solved by Purcell's vector method. The numerical formulation is first applied to the wing-slipstream interaction problem. Results for one centered-jet configuration are compared with those predicted by some existing theories.

Lan, E. C.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Some characteristics of airfoil-jet interaction with Mach number nonuniformity

The image method is used to examine the upper-surface-blowing jet-airfoil interaction with Mach number nonuniformity. The formulation represents an extension of the classical incompressible results (Ting and Liu, 1969; Koning, 1963). Some characteristics of the interaction are discussed. The main assumptions are (1) inviscid linear theory, (2) two-dimensional jet, (3) no turbulent mixing, and (4) no airfoil thickness effect. A plane jet with Mach number M sub 2 is assumed to be imbedded in a freestream of Mach number M sub 1. A thin airfoil is placed at a distance h below the lower jet surface. For h = 0, this may represent an idealized configuration with an upper-surface blowing jet.

Lan, C. E.↗
NASA NTRS1974

A quasi-vortex-lattice method in thin wing theory

A quasi-continuous method is developed for solving thin-wing problems. For the purpose of satisfying the wing boundary conditions, the spanwise vortex distribution is assumed to be stepwise-constant, while the chordwise vortex integral is reduced to a finite sum through a modified trapezoidal rule and the theory of Chebyshev polynomials. Wing-edge and Cauchy singularities are acounted for. The total aerodynamic characteristics are obtained by an appropriate quadrature integration. The two-dimensional results for airfoils without flap deflection reproduce the exact solutions in lift and pitching moment coefficients, the leading edge suction, and the pressure difference at a finite number of points. For a flapped airfoil, the present results are more accurate than those given by the vortex-lattice method. The three-dimensional results also show an improvement over the results of the vortex-lattice method. Extension to nonplanar applications is discussed.

Lan, C. E.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Narrow band filter photometry of Comet Kohoutek

Narrowband photoelectric measurements of CN (3870), CO(+) (4250), C2 (4700), and C2 (5120) were made on twelve nights in December and January of Comet Kohoutek. CN and C2 appear to be stronger after perihelion, and CO(+) showed a strong post perihelion increase coincident with the first appearance of a strong gas tail and then decreased to a fairly constant level.

Angione, R. J.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Theoretical aerodynamics of upper-surface-blowing jet-wing interaction

A linear, inviscid subsonic compressible flow theory is formulated to treat the aerodynamic interaction between the wing and an inviscid upper-surface-blowing (USB) thick jet with Mach number nonuniformity. The predicted results show reasonably good agreement with some available lift and induced-drag data. It was also shown that the thin-jet-flap theory is inadequate for the USB configurations with thick jet. Additional theoretical results show that the lift and induced drag were reduced by increasing jet temperature and increased by increasing jet Mach number. Reducing jet aspect ratio, while holding jet area constant, caused reductions in lift, induced drag, and pitching moment at a given angle of attack but with a minimal change in the curve of lift coefficient against induced-drag coefficient. The jet-deflection effect was shown to be beneficial to cruise performance. The aerodynamic center was shifted forward by adding power or jet-deflection angle. Moving the jet away from the wing surface resulted in rapid changes in lift and induced drag. Reducing the wing span of a rectangular wing by half decreased the jet-circulation lift by only 24 percent at a thrust coefficient of 2.

Lan, C. E.↗
NASA NTRS1976

A theoretical investigation of over-wing-blowing aerodynamics

A theoretical method is established for determining the aerodynamic characteristics of over-wing-blowing configurations. The method accounts for both jet entrainment and jet interaction effects because of the differences in freestream and jet dynamic pressures and Mach numbers. The predicted lift increments agree well with available data. It is shown that the lift is underpredicted with entrainment effect alone when the jet is close to the wing surface.

Lan, C. E.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Upper-surface-blowing jet wing interaction

A linear, inviscid, subsonic compressible flow theory is formulated for predicting the aerodynamic characteristics of upper-surface-blowing configurations. The effect of the thick jet is represented by a two-vortex-sheet model in order to account for the Mach number nonuniformity. The wing loading with the jet interaction effects is computed by satisfying boundary conditions on the wing and the jet surfaces. The vortex model is discussed in detail.

Lan, C. E.↗
NASA NTRS1976

A wing-jet interaction theory for USB configurations

The aerodynamic interaction between the wing and an inviscid upper-surface blowing (USB) thick jet with Mach number nonuniformity is treated within the framework of a linear inviscid subsonic compressible flow theory. A two-vortex-sheet model for the jet surface is used to represent the induced flowfields inside and outside the jet. Comparison of the predicted results with experimental data shows good agreement in lift, induced drag, and pitching moment. It is shown that the thin jet flap theory is inadequate for USB configurations with thick jet.

Lan, C. E.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Calculation of lateral-directional stability derivatives for wing-body combinations with and without jet-interaction effects

A theoretical method is presented for predicting the lateral-directional stability derivatives of wing-body combinations with or without the blowing jet effect. The fuselage effect is accounted for by the axial distribution of vortex multiplets. Comparison of the predicted results with experiments and other theoretical methods show good agreement for configurations without the blowing jet. More applicable experimental data with blowing jets are needed to establish the accuracy of the theory.

Lan, C. E.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Theoretical prediction of over-wing-blowing aerodynamics

A theoretical method is developed for predicting the aerodynamic characteristics of wings with over-wing-blowing jet. The method allows the jet to stay above the wing surface as well as to wash the surface. It accounts for the wing-jet interaction due to differences between the jet and freestream dynamic pressures and Mach numbers, in addition to the jet entrainment. For the former effect, the quasi-vortex-lattice method is used to satisfy the jet and wing boundary conditions. For the latter, a new theory was developed to calculate the jet entrained flow for given jet properties. Comparison of predicted results with available data of various configurations shows reasonably good agreement. Further theoretical analysis indicates that it is aerodynamically advantageous to locate the jet exit near and ahead of the wing leading edge, and that the camber shape has significant effect on the induced drag.

Lan, C. E.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Wing aerodynamics under blowing jets

Program determines aerodynamic characteristics of arbitrary wings under influence of single centered jet of pair of jets blowing on or above plane of wing.

Fox, C. H., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1977

On the logarithmic-singularity correction in the kernel function method of subsonic lifting-surface theory

A logarithmic-singularity correction factor is derived for use in kernel function methods associated with Multhopp's subsonic lifting-surface theory. Because of the form of the factor, a relation was formulated between the numbers of chordwise and spanwise control points needed for good accuracy. This formulation is developed and discussed. Numerical results are given to show the improvement of the computation with the new correction factor.

Lan, C. E.↗
NASA NTRS1978

A theoretical investigation of the aerodynamics of low-aspect-ratio wings with partial leading-edge separation

A numerical method is developed to predict distributed and total aerodynamic characteristics for low aspect-ratio wings with partial leading-edge separation. The flow is assumed to be steady and inviscid. The wing boundary condition is formulated by the quasi-vortex-lattice method. The leading-edge separated vortices are represented by discrete free vortex elements which are aligned with the local velocity vector at mid-points to satisfy the force free condition. The wake behind the trailing-edge is also force free. The flow tangency boundary condition is satisfied on the wing, including the leading- and trailing-edges. Comparison of the predicted results with complete leading-edge separation has shown reasonably good agreement. For cases with partial leading-edge separation, the lift is found to be highly nonlinear with angle of attack.

Mehrotra, S. C.↗
NASA NTRS1978

A computer program for calculating symmetrical aerodynamic characteristics and lateral-directional stability derivatives of wing-body combinations with blowing jets

The necessary information for using a computer program to calculate the aerodynamic characteristics under symmetrical flight conditions and the lateral-directional stability derivatives of wing-body combinations with upper-surface-blowing (USB) or over-wing-blowing (OWB) jets are described. The following new features were added to the program: (1) a fuselage of arbitrary body of revolution has been included. The effect of wing-body interference can now be investigated, and (2) all nine lateral-directional stability derivatives can be calculated. The program is written in FORTRAN language and runs on CDC Cyber 175 and Honeywell 66/60 computers.

Lan, C. E.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Theoretical predictions of jet interaction effects for USB and OWB configurations

A wing jet interaction theory is presented for predicting the aerodynamic characteristics of upper surface blowing and over wing blowing configurations. For the latter configurations, a new jet entrainment theory is developed. Comparison of predicted results with some available data showed good agreement. Some applications of the theory are also presented.

Lan, C. E.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Low-aspect-ratio wings

Computer program predicts aerodynamic characteristics of wings having attached flow across part of wing and vortex flow across remainder. Program also uses quasi-vortex lattice method to formulate wing boundary conditions.

Lan, C. E.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Analysis of some aerodynamic characteristics due to wing-jet interaction

The results of two separate theoretical investigations are presented. A program was used which is capable of predicting the aerodynamic characteristics of both upper-surface blowing (USB) and over-wing blowing (OWB) configurations. A theoretical analysis of the effects of over-wing blowing jets on the induced drag of a 50 deg sweep back wing was developed. Experiments showed net drag reductions associated with the well known lift enhancement due to over-wing blowing. The mechanisms through which this drag reduction is brought about are presented. Both jet entrainment and the so called wing-jet interaction play important roles in this process. The effects of a rectangular upper-surface blowing jet were examined for a wide variety of planforms. The isolated effects of wing taper, sweep, and aspect ratio variations on the incremental lift due to blowing are presented. The effects of wing taper ratio and sweep angle were found to be especially important parameters when considering the relative levels of incremental lift produced by an upper-surface blowing configuration.

Fillman, G. L.↗