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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 181 records · Page 10
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Modeling soot growth in Comp-B using a detonation history

A chemical kinetics procedure for soot formation calculation is summarized. By importing Lagrangian hydrodynamic calculations, species history is consistently accounted for. Detonation product composition is assumed in region with the burnt high explosive (HE). Soot formation is calculated using the density and energy obtained in the hydrodynamics calculation of HE detonation. Ideal gas equation-of-state (EOS) with temperature-dependent specific heat is used in the HE product region. Sample calculations show reasonably-expected temperature and soot formation.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2021

History of Ethanol Fuel Adoption in the United States: Policy, Economics, and Logistics

Ethanol has the achieved the greatest market share of all the alternative transportation fuels that have been researched, developed, and deployed in the US. There are multiple lessons to be learned from the history of ethanol adoption that can be applied to future fuels and products. Ethanol has replaced portions of gasoline in three main blend levels, with corresponding vehicles, equipment, benefits, and policies. The first is E10, which has replaced nearly all pure gasoline (E0) sold in the United States today (U.S. Energy Information Administration 2015). This was brought about through generations of policies that were motivated by multiple factors related to engine performance, energy security, health, air quality, and climate protection. Ethanol's high octane has been a consistent driver of the fuel because this enables higher performance engines. Early policies (1973-1979) were largely motivated by the desire to reduce dependence on petroleum sourced from members of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, or OPEC. Fuel policy in the 1980s was largely in pursuit of promoting octane number enhancers that could replace lead. Criteria pollutant reduction was the overarching goal of actions taken from 1990 to 2005. From 2005 to the present, fuel policy has been largely motivated by energy security and climate protection goals. These policies were usually technology-agnostic and promoted multiple fuels and additives during each period. However, ethanol is the only fuel identified that is cost effective with qualities that enabled it to prosper in the policy environments of all four of these periods.The second market for ethanol is via 85% ethanol (E85). This fuel has the advantage of a greater concentration of ethanol but the disadvantage of not being compatible with regular gasoline vehicles. Instead, it can only be used in flexible-fuel vehicle (FFVs), which can use every blend level from E0 to E85. Therefore, much of the effort to increase E85 consumption has been aimed at incentivizing automakers to manufacture FFVs, drivers to purchase FFVs, and fueling stations to equip themselves to sell E85.The third, and newest, market through which ethanol is consumed is 15% ethanol (E15), which builds upon the E10 market to increase ethanol consumption by common gasoline vehicles. Efforts to create the E15 market consisted largely of testing vehicles and refueling equipment for compatibility, creating waivers to allow the use of E15, placing requirements on E15 retailers, and incentivizing retailers to equip themselves to purchase E15.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Insights on Wind Turbine Maintenance From the Usage History of a General Electric Transportation Systems Gearbox

Recently, micropitting that occurred in a wind turbine gearbox has been used as a case study of the International Organization for Standardization technical specification ISO/TS 6336-22. This technical specification contains a proposed calculation of risk of micropitting in gear sets, in terms of a safety factor based on the ratio of the minimum to the permissible specific lubricant film thickness. This report summarizes the operational history of the micropitted gearbox for future case studies.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

The History of Monte Carlo and MCNP at Los Alamos [Slides]

The Monte Carlo method for radiation particle transport has its origins at LANL dating back to the 1940’s. The creators of these methods were Drs. Stanislaw Ulam, John von Neumann, Robert Richtmyer, and Nicholas Metropolis. Monte Carlo methods for particle transport have been driving computational developments since the beginning of modern computers; this continues today. In the 1950’s and 1960’s, these new methods were organized into a series of special-purpose Monte Carlo codes, including MCS, MCN, MCP, and MCG. These codes were able to transport neutrons and photons for specialized LANL applications. In 1977, these separate codes were combined to create the LANL Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) radiation particle transport code. In 1983, MCNP3 was released for public distribution to the Radiation Safety Information Computational Center (RSICC). MCNP6.3 will be released late in 2021. Each year, LANL has ~100 MCNP new users and RSICC ~1250 new licenses distributed. This talk will review the Los Alamos history of the development of the modern Monte Carlo method and MCNP.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

MCNP ® Particle Transport Code: Its History and Future [Slides]

The history, development and application uses of Monte Carlo particle transport codes at LANL are extensive. Recent and ongoing investments in MCNP modernization are enabling new code developments using modern programming tools and languages. New and challenging applications continue to drive new research and developments beyond the rich set of established MCNP capabilities. The LANL MCNP radiation transport code has been the international gold standard for particle transport applications for over three decades.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Short video provides broad overview of the Lab’s 80-year history

In celebration of the Lab’s 80th anniversary this month, join National Security Research Center Senior Historian, Alan Carr (NSRCMS), as he provides a six-and-a-half-minute overview of the Lab’s history. The video, co-produced by Brian Clayton (CEA-MP) and Howard Coe (CEA-MP), covers three phases of the Lab’s evolution, from a nuclear weapons laboratory, then a nuclear science laboratory, to its manifestation today as a multidisciplinary laboratory.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Summary of DM1200 WESP History and Performance

The principal objective of this report was to summarize the testing experience on the DM1200 WESP. Further objectives were to provide descriptions of the history of all modifications and maintenance, methods of operation, problems and unit failures, and performance while processing a variety of feeds, and while employing a variety of operating methods, and to provide comparisons to the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) high level waste (HLW) and low activity waste (LAW) WESP designs.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2025

A Python Tool for Reconstructing MCNP6 Particle Histories from an HDF5 PTRAC File [Slides]

A Python tool for converting the MCNP6 HDF5 PTRAC file to a list of Python trees is presented. The particle trees store MCNP6 simulated events for each history using parent-child relationships, which ensures that branching processes are accurately reproduced. A variety of post-processing scripts are presented and used in conjunction with the Python particle trees to make special tallies that are currently not available in the MCNP6 software and visualize the particle tracks.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2025

Summary of DM1200 SBS history and performance

The principal objective of this report is to summarize the testing experience on the DM1200 SBS. Further objectives are to provide descriptions of the history of all modifications and maintenance, methods of operation, problems and unit failures, and performance while processing a variety of feeds, and while employing a variety of operating methods, and to provide comparisons to the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) High Level Waste (HLW) and Low Activity Waste (LAW) Submerged Bed Scrubber (SBS) designs.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2026

History of the Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program – Volume 1: Program Summary (Final Report 2026)

The History Project of the Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program (CSEPP or the CSEP Program) was initiated in 2010 to document CSEPP’s extraordinary efforts and achievements. CSEPP was implemented to enhance emergency preparedness at U.S. Army installations and their surrounding communities as the Army’s stockpile of chemical weapons was being destroyed.

45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEF↗
DOE OSTI2026

Uniform Methods Project: History and Updates [Slides]

This presentation provides an overview of the 2026 update effort and summarizes the drivers and history of the Uniform Methods Project (UMP). The presentation will be used in a public webinar to facilitate stakeholder participation.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Recalls of tattoo and permanent makeup inks in the United States and a follow-up microbiological survey of inks with a previous recall history

In this study, we collected voluntary recall records of tattoo and permanent makeup ink from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) Enforcement Report Database. The recall records contain information, such as recall date, manufacturer, ink color, reason for recall, and the microorganisms detected from the ink samples. Between 2003 and 2021, a total of 15 voluntary tattoo ink recalls occurred in the U.S. market, involving over 200 tattoo inks marketed by 13 manufacturers and one distributor. Fourteen recalls were due to microbial contamination, and one recall was due to allergic reaction. As follow-up, a microbiological survey of 28 tattoo inks of new batches from seven manufacturers having products that were previously recalled was conducted. Aerobic plate count (APC) and enrichment culture methods based on the FDA’s Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) were used to detect microbial contamination. The results revealed that six out of 28 tattoo inks were contaminated with bacteria and were produced by two manufacturers. The level of microbial contamination was less than 250 CFU/g in three of the tattoo inks and between 1 × 10 3 and 1 × 10 5 CFU/g in the other three inks. Eleven bacterial isolates were identified, including spore-forming Bacillus -related species and potentially pathogenic species. Overall, this study shows that some tattoo ink products produced by manufacturers with a recall history continue to be contaminated with microorganisms. This highlights the need for ongoing monitoring and quality control of such products.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Mechanisms of Waterflood Inefficiency: Analysis of Geological, Petrophysical and Reservoir History, a Field Case Study of FWU (East Section)

The petroleum reservoir represents a complex heterogeneous system that requires thorough characterization prior to the implementation of any incremental recovery technique. One of the most commonly utilized and successful secondary recovery techniques is waterflooding. However, a lack of sufficient investigation into the inherent behavior and characteristics of the reservoir formation in situ can result in failure or suboptimal performance of waterflood operations. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the geological history, static and dynamic reservoir characteristics, and petrophysical data is essential for analyzing the mechanisms and causes of waterflood inefficiency and failure. In this study, waterflood inefficiency was observed in the Morrow B reservoir located in the Farnsworth Unit, situated in the northwestern shelf of the Anadarko Basin, Texas. To assess the potential mechanisms behind the inefficiency of waterflooding in the east half, geological, petrophysical, and reservoir engineering data, along with historical information, were integrated, reviewed, and analyzed. The integration and analysis of these datasets revealed that several factors contributed to the waterflood inefficiency. Firstly, the presence of abundant dispersed authigenic clays within the reservoir, worsened by low reservoir quality and high heterogeneity, led to unfavorable conditions for waterflood operations. The use of freshwater for flooding exacerbated the adverse effects of sensitive and migratory clays, further hampering the effectiveness of the waterflood. In addition to these factors, several reservoir engineering issues played a significant role in the inefficiency of waterflooding. These issues included inadequate perforation strategies due to the absence of detailed hydraulic flow units (HFUs) and rock typing, random placement of injectors, and uncontrolled injected fresh water. These external controlling parameters further contributed to the overall inefficiencies observed during waterflood operations in the east half of the reservoir. A detailed understanding of the mechanistic factors of inefficient waterflood operation will provide adequate insights into the development of the improved recovery technique for the field.

Morgan, Anthony (ORCID:0000000211519153)↗
DOE OSTI2025

Glauber’s Salt Composites for HVAC Applications: A Study on the Use of the T-History Method with a Modified Data Evaluation Methodology

Phase change materials (PCMs) can be utilized in buildings for peak load shifting in air conditioning systems, and the use of salt hydrate-based PCMs can reduce the cost of thermal energy storage devices. Glauber’s salt is an economical salt hydrate PCM with a melting point of around 32 °C. However, the desired melting range typically falls between 18 and 22 °C for building air conditioning applications. Although many researchers have characterized Glauber’s salt and its composites with modified melting points, enthalpy–temperature curves for composites of Glauber’s salt and NaCl are unavailable. In this study, we report the melting and solidification enthalpy–temperature curves for two different composites of Glauber’s salt and NaCl with a melting point of 21 °C obtained by the T-history method. Both composites contain NaCl to suppress the melting point, borax to reduce supercooling, and sodium polyacrylate as a thickener to enhance cyclic stability. The first composite with 12 wt.% NaCl demonstrated 139 kJ·kg−1 of latent heat of fusion, and the second composite with 9 wt.% NaCl demonstrated 171 kJ·kg−1. Both the composites have high volumetric energy densities compared to their organic counterparts with similar melting points.

Chemistry↗
DOE OSTI2023

Leveraging History to Predict Infrequent Abnormal Transfers in Distributed Workflows

Scientific computing heavily relies on data shared by the community, especially in distributed data-intensive applications. This research focuses on predicting slow connections that create bottlenecks in distributed workflows. In this study, we analyze network traffic logs collected between January 2021 and August 2022 at the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC). Based on the observed patterns, we define a set of features primarily based on history for identifying low-performing data transfers. Typically, there are far fewer slow connections on well-maintained networks, which creates difficulty in learning to identify these abnormally slow connections from the normal ones. We devise several stratified sampling techniques to address the class-imbalance challenge and study how they affect the machine learning approaches. Our tests show that a relatively simple technique that undersamples the normal cases to balance the number of samples in two classes (normal and slow) is very effective for model training. This model predicts slow connections with an F1 score of 0.926.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗