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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 181 records · Page 10
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

LANL FY21 NCSP Highlights [Slides]

This presentation highlights the activities of Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) in fiscal year 2021.These include the celebration of the tenth anniversary of NCERC operations, a large experiment campaign (IER 488 - MUSiC: Measurements of Uranium Subcritical and Critical), preparation for FY22 experiments, the completion of several ongoing experiments, and a control system upgrade project.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Study Highlights: Characterizing Plug Load Energy Use and Savings Potential in Army Buildings

A recent study of plug load devices in Army buildings has identified opportunities to save over 83 million kWh of electricity valued at over $5 million per year. These savings may be conservative and were identified by inventorying and monitoring plug load and miscellaneous electric load (MEL) equipment within representative Army buildings. The objective was to better understand the energy consumed by these devices and identify approaches for reducing it while enhancing resilience. This summary highlights the findings, lessons learned, and recommendations identified by the study.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2024

LDRD Quarterly Highlights (FY24 Q4)

This newsletter, published quarterly, features LDRD and SDRD work done by Lawrence Livermore, Los Alamos, Nevada National Security Site and Sandia. To see a PDF with all articles referenced in this newsletter or review past issues, visit NNSA-LDRD.lanl.gov and click on the Quarterly Highlights tab.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

LLNL FESP Theory Highlights: August 2024

The 2024 ABOUND SciDAC and BOUT++ combined workshop was held August 5-9 th 2024 at the University of California Livermore Collaboration Center (UCLC) in Livermore. Bringing together leading scientists and researchers from across the globe, this pivotal event focused on advancing plasma physics and boundary plasma dynamics within the context of fusion energy research. Key discussions throughout the meeting highlighted significant advancements in the BOUT++ framework, including enhanced simulations of small Edge Localized Modes (ELMs) and the initiation of integrating the integration of the 5D GEM gyrokinetic turbulence core code with the 2D SOLPS-ITER boundary transport code. These developments are crucial for managing heat loads in fusion reactors and supporting the longevity of plasma-facing components. The event also featured a session on Inter-SciDAC Collaborations, where principal investigators from multiple U.S. FES SciDAC tokamak projects explored opportunities for cross-collaboration. Additionally, the meeting showcased cutting-edge advancements in GPU acceleration and AI/ML technologies, poised to drive the next generation of fusion research. In his closing remarks, Dr. Xueqiao Xu emphasized the importance of the collaborative efforts and discussions that took place, noting their potential to shape future breakthroughs in fusion energy. The event underscored the global nature of the BOUT++ collaboration, with contributions from over 57 institutions worldwide. The 2024 BOUT++ and ABOUND Joint Hybrid Meeting continues to drive forward the research and innovations needed to achieve fusion energy, setting the stage for future collaboration and discovery.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2026

JUMP Into STEM 2018-2025: Challenge Highlights and Implementation Guidance

Building sciences and technology directly impact human health, productivity, and resource consumption (e.g., energy and critical minerals). Addressing emerging challenges in this field requires skilled building science professionals. JUMP into STEM sought to inspire the next generation of building scientists through a real-world competition that introduced participants to the field and connected them with national laboratory and industry professionals. This report highlights select challenges from past competitions which are tailored for academic and industry professionals who aim to develop or recruit multidisciplinary talent. It also includes additional guidance to support the effective replication of these challenges.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2019

Blue crab larval dispersal highlights population connectivity and implications for fishery management

In the Western Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico (GOM), the blue crab Callinectes sapidus fishery is managed at regional scale and its assessment does not consider the population structure of the species. To understand connectivity of the blue crab population, we simulated larval dispersal using a biophysical model driven by high-resolution ocean currents and including early life-history traits of the species. Simulations were conducted during 2015 and 2016, and larvae were released from locations along Florida’s GOM and Atlantic coasts. A high degree of local larval retention was observed in Florida’s GOM waters, mainly during summer when weak southeastern winds tend to yield a shoreward net flow. Results demonstrated clear evidence of connectivity between the Gulf coast of Florida population and those of Mississippi, Alabama, and Louisiana, suggesting that the blue crab populations in the GOM are intermixed and the hypothesized boundary (in Florida) of two stocks needs further consideration. Outputs of the model also indicated connectivity between the blue crab populations of Florida’s Gulf coast and the South-Atlantic Bight (SAB). Larval trajectories show inter-annual variability driven by the interaction of winds, Loop Current (LC) intrusions in the northern GOM, LC eddies and their cyclonic counterparts, and the Mississippi River plume. The latter provides a conduit for larval transport from the GOM to the SAB. These findings provide evidence of the physical oceanographic processes that sustain the homogenous genetic population structure for blue crabs between SAB and GOM populations, highlighting the need for collaborative management in US waters.

Criales, Maria M.↗
DOE OSTI2017

Natural Selection in Synthetic Communities Highlights the Roles of Methylococcaceae and Methylophilaceae and Suggests Differential Roles for Alternative Methanol Dehydrogenases in Methane Consumption

We describe experiments that follow species dynamics and gene expression patterns in synthetic bacterial communities including species that compete for the single carbon substrate supplied, methane, and species unable to consume methane, which could only succeed through cooperative interactions. We demonstrate that these communities mostly select for two functional guilds, methanotrophs of the family Methylococcaceae and non-methanotrophic methylotrophs of the family Methylophilaceae, these taxonomic guilds outcompeting all other species included in the synthetic mix. The metatranscriptomics analysis uncovered that in both Methylococcaceae and Methylophilaceae, some of the most highly transcribed genes were the ones encoding methanol dehydrogenases (MDH). Remarkably, expression of alternative MDH genes (mxaFI versus xoxF), previously shown to be subjects to the rare Earth element switch, was found to depend on environmental conditions such as nitrogen source and methane and O 2 partial pressures, and also to be species-specific. Along with the xoxF genes, genes encoding divergent cytochromes were highly expressed in both Methylophilaceae and Methylococcaceae, suggesting their function in methanol metabolism, likely encoding proteins serving as electron acceptors from XoxF enzymes. The research presented tested a synthetic community model that is much simplified compared to natural communities consuming methane, but more complex than the previously utilized two-species model. The performance of this model identifies prominent species for future synthetic ecology experiments and highlights both advantages of this approach and the challenges that it presents.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2014

Duplications and losses in gene families of rust pathogens highlight putative effectors

Rust fungi are a group of fungal pathogens that cause some of the world's most destructive diseases of trees and crops. A shared characteristic among rust fungi is obligate biotrophy, the inability to complete a lifecycle without a host. This dependence on a host species likely affects patterns of gene expansion, contraction, and innovation within rust pathogen genomes. The establishment of disease by biotrophic pathogens is reliant upon effector proteins that are encoded in the fungal genome and secreted from the pathogen into the host's cell apoplast or within the cells. This study uses a comparative genomic approach to elucidate putative effectors and determine their evolutionary histories. We used OrthoMCL to identify nearly 20,000 gene families in proteomes of 16 diverse fungal species, which include 15 basidiomycetes and one ascomycete. We inferred patterns of duplication and loss for each gene family and identified families with distinctive patterns of expansion/contraction associated with the evolution of rust fungal genomes. To recognize potential contributors for the unique features of rust pathogens, we identified families harboring secreted proteins that: (i) arose or expanded in rust pathogens relative to other fungi, or (ii) contracted or were lost in rust fungal genomes. While the origin of rust fungi appears to be associated with considerable gene loss, there are many gene duplications associated with each sampled rust fungal genome. We also highlight two putative effector gene families that have expanded in Cqf that we hypothesize have roles in pathogenicity.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Highlights of Discoveries for δ Scuti Variable Stars from the Kepler Era

The NASA Kepler and follow-on K2 mission (2009–2018) left a legacy of data and discoveries, finding thousands of exoplanets, and also obtaining high-precision long time-series data for hundreds of thousands of stars, including many types of pulsating variables. Here we highlight a few of the ongoing discoveries from Kepler data on δ Scuti pulsating variables, which are core hydrogen-burning stars of about twice the mass of the Sun. We discuss many unsolved problems surrounding the properties of the variability in these stars, and the progress enabled by Kepler data in using pulsations to infer their interior structure, a field of research known as asteroseismology.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗