On-line self-organizing control of multiple- goal, multiple-actuator systems.
Synthesis and design of on-line self-organizing control of multiple goal, multiple actuator systems
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Synthesis and design of on-line self-organizing control of multiple goal, multiple actuator systems
Goals for future planetary exploration, discussing Mercury, Venus, Mars and Jupiter
NASA program fire safety goals, discussing development of nonflammable materials covering fibrous asbestos, glass, polymides, Teflon, metallics and halogenated materials
The historical background of the automation of the stellar proper motion survey is traced from its beginnings to the taking of the series of plates with the 48 inch Schmidt telescope at Mount Palomar covering 77% of the sky with 936 plates. The design goal for the automation is the documentation of the proper motions of stars from tenth through twentieth red magnitude. A typical scanning time for a pair of 14 inch star plates is projected to be about 45 minutes with the total processing time estimated at between one and two years for the complete set of plates.
A syntactical representation of each GOAL statement is given. The language specification is usable for related software/language interfaces, i.e. compilers, translators, etc.
The textbook provides a semantical explanation accompanying a complete set of GOAL syntax diagrams, system concepts, language component interaction, and general language concepts necessary for efficient language implementation/execution.
This study tested the prediction, derived from the goal-setting hypothesis, that the facilitating effects of knowledge of results (KR) in a simple vigilance task should be related directly to the level of the performance standard used to regulate KR. Two groups of Ss received dichotomous KR in terms of whether Ss response times (RTs) to signal detections exceeded a high or low standard of performance. The aperiodic offset of a visual signal was the critical event for detection. The vigil was divided into a training phase followed by testing, during which KR was withdrawn. Knowledge of results enhanced performance in both phases. However, the two standards used to regulate feedback contributed little to these effects.
The GOAL (Ground Operations Aerospace Language) test programming language was developed for use in ground checkout operations in a space vehicle launch environment. To insure compatibility with a maximum number of applications, a systematic and error-free method of referencing command/response (analog and digital) hardware measurements is a principle feature of the language. Central to the concept of requiring the test language to be independent of launch complex equipment and terminology is that of addressing measurements via symbolic names that have meaning directly in the hardware units being tested. To form the link from test program through test system interfaces to the units being tested the concept of a data bank has been introduced. The data bank is actually a large cross-reference table that provides pertinent hardware data such as interface unit addresses, data bus routings, or any other system values required to locate and access measurements.
The following areas were discussed in relation to a study of the commonality of space vehicle applications to future national needs: (1) index of initiatives (civilian observation, communication, support), brief illustrated description of each initiative, time periods (from 1980 to 2000+) for implementation of these initiatives; (2) data bank of functional system options, presented in the form of data sheets, one for each of the major functions, with the system option for near-term, midterm, and far-term space projects applicable to each subcategory of functions to be fulfilled; (3) table relating initiatives and desired goals (public service and humanistic, materialistic, scientific and intellectual); and (4) data on size, weight and cost estimations.
The paper attempts to define a desirable and reachable goal for a second generation SST. Justifications for the need of an SST are considered as is the ecological impact of a second generation SST project. Required technology advances to reach the range of 6500 nautical miles are examined along with structural weight reduction and drag reduction. Possible performance improvements due to design modifications are discussed, and environmental problems are discussed in detail with emphasis on sonic booms.
The socio-economic benefits to be derived from system applications of space technology goals developed by NASA were assessed. Specific studies include: electronic mail; personal telephone communications; weather and climate monitoring, prediction, and control; crop production forecasting and water availability; planetary engineering of the planet Venus; and planetary exploration.
An analysis and evaluation of the social value of the SST project are presented. It is emphasized that the means of civil mass transportation reaching the same range available to military decrease the tension among neighboring nations and reduce human fatigue. The present status of the SST in the United States, together with the future goals, are described.
A joint NASA/industry project called Integrated Programs for Aerospace-vehicle Design (IPAD) is described, which has the goal of raising aerospace-industry productivity through the application of computers to integrate company-wide management of engineering data. Basically a general-purpose interactive computing system developed to support engineering design processes, the IPAD design is composed of three major software components: the executive, data management, and geometry and graphics software. Results of IPAD activities include a comprehensive description of a future representative aerospace vehicle design process and its interface to manufacturing, and requirements and preliminary design of a future IPAD software system to integrate engineering activities of an aerospace company having several products under simultaneous development.
The paper discusses the concept of the Space Operations Center, a Shuttle-serviced permanent manned LEO space station. The SOC has the mission-oriented role of construction, assembly, and servicing of space systems and spacecraft. Previous space-station concepts are reviewed; future space goals are compared; and objectives for the future Space Operations Center and its initial analysis are described.
The objectives of the Seasat mission, which was dedicated to establishing the utility of microwave sensors for the remote sensing of the earth's oceans, and data collected during some three months of orbital operations are briefly reviewed. In particular, consideration is given to the Seasat sensors and measurement goals, surface and in situ observations, evaluation organization, and current status of geophysical evaluation for each sensor (altimeter, Seasat-A scatterometer system, scanning multichannel microwave radiometer, visible and infrared radiometer, and synthetic aperture radar). Finally, future plans related to the Seasat project are discussed.
Thermo-structural performance of the Space Shuttle orbiter Columbia's leading-edge structural subsystem for the first five (5) flights is compared with the design goals. Lessons learned from thse initial flights of the first reusable manned spacecraft are discussed in order to assess design maturity, deficiencies, and modifications required to rectify the design deficiencies. Flight data and post-flight inspections support the conclusion that the leading-edge structural subsystem hardware performance was outstanding for the initial five (5) flights.
Robotic systems will play an increasingly important role in space operations. This paper describes the objective and design of a proposed goal-oriented telerobotic system for space operations. This design effort encompasses the elements of the system executive and user interface, and the distribution and general structure of the knowledge bases, the displays, and the task sequencing. The objective of the design effort is to provide an evolutionary structure for a telerobotic system, i.e., one that can progress from strictly teleoperated through phases of serving as an assistant, a colleague, and an expert, to eventually serve as a truly autonomous unit, requiring only minimal supervision. A preliminary design for such a system involving 'mixed initiative', or the flexible shared control between the human operator and the software system, is complete and described in this paper.
Flexible arms offer a great degree of flexibility in maneuvering in the space environment. The problem of transporting an astronaut for extra-vehicular activity using a space station based flexible arm robot was studied. Inverse kinematic solutions of the multilink structure were developed. The technique is goal driven and can support decision making for configuration selection as required for stability and obstacle avoidance. Details of this technique and results are given.