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At least 181 records · Page 10
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1990

Angular distribution of electrons elastically scattered from CH4

Differential elastic (vibrationally) scattering cross sections of CH4 by electron impact have been measured using a modulated crossed-beam method. The energy and angular range covered were from 5 to 50 eV and from 12 to 156 deg, respectively. The integrated and momentum transfer cross sections were obtained from the differential cross sections. The present results are compared with earlier data. Some discrepancies were found in the measurements and theoretical results.

Shyn, T. W.↗
NASA NTRS2000

Coherence Measurements for Excited to Excited State Transitions in Barium

Experimental studies concerning elastic and inelastic electron scattering by coherently ensembles of Ba (...6s6p (sub 1)P(sub 1)) atoms with various degrees of alignment will be described. An in-plane, linearly-polarized laser beam was utilized to prepare these target ensembles and the electron scattering signal as a function of polarization angle was measured for several laser geometries at fixed impact energies and scattering angles. From these measurements, we derived cross sections and electron-impact coherence parameters associated with the electron scattering process which is time reverse of the actual experimentally studied process. This interpretation of the experiment is based on the theory of Macek and Herte. The experimental results were also interpreted in terms of cross sections and collision parameters associated with the actual experimental processes. Results obtained so far will be presented and plans for further studies will be discussed.

Trajmar, S.↗
NASA NTRS2012

P-Wave Electron-Hydrogen Scattering

A variational wave function incorporating short range correlations via Hylleraas type functions plus long-range polarization terms of the polarized orbital type but with smooth cut-off factors has been used to calculate P-wave phase shifts for electron-hydrogen scattering. This approach gives the direct r(exp -4) potential and a non-local optical potential which is definite. The resulting phase shifts have rigorous lower bounds and the convergence is much faster than those obtained without the modification of the target function. Final results will be presented at the conference.

Bhtia, Anand↗
NASA NTRS2009

Storm/Quiet Ratio Comparisons Between TIMED/SABER NO (sup +)(v) Volume Emission Rates and Incoherent Scatter Radar Electron Densities at E-Region Altitudes

Broadband infrared limb emission at 4.3 microns is measured by the TIMED/SABER instrument. At night, these emission observations at E-region altitudes are used to derive the so called NO+(v) Volume Emission Rate (VER). NO+(v) VER can be derived by removing the background CO2(v3) 4.3 microns radiance contribution using SABER-based non-LTE radiation transfer models, and by performing a standard Abel inversion on the residual radiance. SABER observations show that NO+(v) VER is significantly enhanced during magnetic storms in accordance with increased ionization of the neutral atmosphere by auroral electron precipitation, followed by vibrational excitation of NO+ (i.e., NO+(v)) from fast exothermic ion-neutral reactions, and prompt infrared emission at 4.3 m. Due to charge neutrality, the NO+(v) VER enhancements are highly correlated with electron density enhancements, as observed for example by Incoherent Scatter Radar (ISR). In order to characterize the response of the storm-time E-region from both SABER and ISR measurements, a Storm/Quiet ratio (SQR) quantity is defined as a function of altitude. For SABER, the SQR is the ratio of the storm-to-quiet NO+(v) VER. SQR is the storm-to-quiet ratio of electron densities for ISR. In this work, we compare SABER and ISR SQR values between 100 to 120 km. Results indicate good agreement between these measurements. SQR values are intended to be used as a correction factor to be included in an empirical storm-time correction to the International Reference Ionosphere model at E-region altitudes.

Fernandez, J. R.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Influence of a finite scattering volume on the determination of electron-impact coherence parameters

Superelastic electron scattering from laser-excited Ba-138 ...6s6p (1)P is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The theoretical framework is developed and incorporated into a model of a realistic scattering geometry of finite spatial extent. Model calculations predict that the dependence of the superelastic scattering intensity on the linear polarization direction of the laser beam can be severely distorted due to the existence of a finite scattering volume. Measurements obtained confirm the presence of this distortion and are well described by the model calculations. Conclusions are drawn concerning the influence of this effect on the extraction of electron-impact coherence parameters.

Zetner, P. W.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Thermal conductivity of thermoelectric Si(0.8)-Ge(0.2) alloys

The thermal conductivity of heavily doped, n-type Si-Ge alloys has been studied from 300 to 1200 K. The scattering rate of several phonon scattering mechanisms has been calculated, including intrinsic scattering, mass defect and distortion scattering, phonon-electron scattering, and scattering by inclusions. These rates were then used to calculate the lattice thermal conductivity. The electronic component of the thermal conductivity was calculated from the calculated Lorenz ratio and measured values of the electrical conductivity. The total thermal conductivity was then compared to measured values for a specimen studied by Vining et al. (1991).

White, D. P.↗
NASA NTRS1994

Langmuir turbulence in the auroral ionosphere 1: Linear theory

Intense bursts of Langmuir waves with electric fields of 50 to 500 mV / m have been frequently observed at altitudes greater than 500 km in the auroral ionosphere. These bursts are driven by 20 eV to 4 keV field-aligned electrons, which are embedded in an approximately isotropic nonthermal tail of scattered electrons. The Langmuir bursts are often observed at altitudes where the ionosphere is moderately magnetized (OMEGA (sub e) approximately equals omega (sub pe)). Both the moderate magnetization and the scattered electrons have a major influence on the linear dispersion and damping of Langmuir waves. In particular, the linear dispersion is topologically different depending on whether the magnetic field is subcritical (OMEGA (sub e) less than omega (sub pe)) or supercritical (OMEGA (sub e) greater than omega (sub pe)). The correct dispersion and damping can account for the observed polarization of the Langmuir waves, which is very nearly parallel to the geomagnetic field. Inferred properties of the linear instability driven by the field-aligned electrons are discussed. The linear dispersion and damping derived here provide the basis for a nonlinear turbulence study described in a companion paper (Newman et al., this issue).

Newman, D. L.↗
NASA NTRS1994

Theoretical light curve of a Type 2p supernova

The light curve and other observable diagnostics are presented for what should be a typical Type II 'plateau' supernova, the explosion of a 15 solar mass red supergiant. The calculations are carried out using a multi-frequency radiation transport code that includes opacity from all important mechanisms-bound-bound, bound-free, free-free, and electron scattering. It is found that the inclusion of opacity sources besides electron scattering increases the computed lenght of the plateau in the 15 solar mass model by approximately 30 days. Especially important is the ultraviolet cutoff caused by a thick forest of lines. Deposition and escape of gamma-rays from radioactive decay are also accurately simulated. We find that the presence of 0.06 solar mass of ejected Ni-56 extends the length of the plateau from approximately 100 days to approximately 140 dys. Because of the large hydrogen envleope and radius in this model, mixing does not appreciably alter the bolometric light curve, although it does change the gamma-ray light curve significantly. With 0.06 solar mass of ejected Ni-56, the unmixed (mixed) model peaks in escaping gamma-rays at 576 (466) days with gamma-ray luminosity of 3 x 10(exp 38) ergs/s. Except for the local group, the gamma-rays from an extragalactic 15 solar mass SNe IIp will be too faint to detect with any exsiting detectors. However, a Galactic SNe IIp would be quite bright and easily detectable.

Eastman, Ronald G.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Electron-CF4 elastic scattering in the static-exchange approximation

Differential, integral, and momentum-transfer cross sections for the elastic scattering of electrons by CF4 from 5 to 35 eV are reported. The calculations were carried out at the fixed-nuclei, static-exchange level usign the Schwinger variational principle. Analyses of the partial channel amplitudes show four broad shape resonances; two in T2, one in A1, and one in E symmetries. The positions of these resonances agree with experimental data from total-cross-section measurements, dissociative attachment studies, and low-energy electron excitation spectra, the only exception being the 8.9-eV structure in the total-cross-section data. No experimental measurements on differential cross sections are available, but comparing with the corresponding static-exchange calculations for the e-CH4 system, the e-CF4 cross sections generally are less backward peaked.

Huo, Winifred M.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Extended X-ray emission in nearby Seyfert galaxies

Asymmetric extended X-ray emission was found to be present in three out of five Seyfert galaxies. This paper discusses various possible origins for this emission, including thermal bremsstrahlung, synchrotron radiation, inverse Compton scattering, and electron-scattered nuclear radiation. It was found that the presently available data cannot discriminate definitively between these possibilities.

Elvis, Martin↗
NASA NTRS1994

Day 640 infrared line and continuum measurements: Dust formation in SN 1987A

We have measured day 640-645 line and continuum spectra of (Ni II) 6.6 micrometer (Ne II) 12.8 micrometer (line emission was not detected), and (Fe II) 17.9 and 26.0 micrometer from SN 1987A. The high velocity feature at v(sub HVF) approximately 3900 km/sec found in both of our day 410 (Fe II) spectra is again detected in the day 640 (Ni II) spectrum, although the signal-to-noise of the day 640 (Fe II) spectra is insufficient to show this feature. The continuum fluxes provide clear evidence for the formation of dust between day 410 and day 640 and are best fitted by a graybody spectrum with a temperature of 342 +/- 17 K at day 640 and a surface area corresponding to a minimum dust velocity v(sub dust) = 1910 +/- 170 km/sec. Optically thin dust emissivity laws proportional to lambda(exp -1) or lambda(exp -2) are inconsistent with the data. Either the dust grains are large (radius a much greater than 4 micrometer and radiate like individual blackbodies, or else they are located in clumps optically thick in the 6-26 micrometer range. The (Ni II) 6.6 micrometer line flux yields a minimum Ni(+) mass of 5.8 +/- 1.6 x 10(exp -4) solar mass and a Ni/Fe abundance ratio of 0.06 +/- 0.02, equal to the solar value. The ratio of the two (Fe II) line profiles implies a gas temperature 2600 +/- 700 K, a drop of 1800 +/- 800 K from our day 410 measurement. The (Fe II) 26.0 micrometer line flux has decreased by a factor of 2 and the day 640 (Ni II) profile is blueshifted by -440 +/- 270 km/sec, relative to observations before day 500. We show that the decrease in the (Fe II) flux and the blueshift are not produced by a decrease in electron scattering optical depth, electron density, or temperature, but rather are probably due to obscuration by the same dust which produces the infrared continuum. This supports the interpretation that the dust spectrum is produced by optically thick clumps. We discuss possible explanations for the discrepancy between the mass of Fe(+) detected and the total iron mass required to power the light curve. The decrease in the (Fe II) fluxes relative to the decrease required to account for the blueshifts of optical lines from non-iron-group elements and the similarity between v(sub dust) and the Ni(+) expansion velocity imply a spatial association between the dust clumps and the iron-group elements. In addition, the larger blueshift observed for the near and far-infrared, heavy metal transitions relative to non-iron-group lines suggests that the iron-group elements are somewhat segregated from lighter elements such as the Mg(sup 0) and O(sup 0) responsible for shorter wavelength lines. We speculate that FeS may be an important constituent of the dust. A comparison of our line profiles with radiative transfer models shows that while power law and exponential density distributions yield reasonable fits to the data, polytrope distributions provided significantly worse agreement. The best fits require a substantial fraction of the iron to be undetectable, and are consistent with maximum expansion velocities of v(sub max) approximately 3000 km/sec.

Colgan, Sean W. J.↗
NASA NTRS2001

Effectiveness of Diffusion Barrier Coatings for Mo-Re Embedded in C/SiC and C/C

Advanced high-temperature cooling applications may often require the elevated-temperature capability of carbon/silicon carbide or carbon/carbon composites in combination with the hermetic capability of metallic tubes. In this paper, the effects of C/SiC and C/C on tubes fabricated from several different refractory metals were evaluated. Though Mo, Nb, and Re were evaluated in the present study, the primary effort was directed toward two alloys of Mo-Re, namely, arc cast Mo-41Re and powder metallurgy Mo-47.5Re. Samples of these refractory metals were subjected to either the PyC/SiC deposition or embedding in C/C. MoSi2(Ge), R512E, and TiB2 coatings were included on several of the samples as potential diffusion barriers. The effects of the processing and thermal exposure on the samples were evaluated by conducting burst tests, microhardness surveys, and scanning electron microscopic examination (using either secondary electron or back scattered electron imaging and energy dispersive spectroscopy). The results showed that a layer of brittle Mo-carbide formed on the substrates of both the uncoated Mo-41Re and the uncoated Mo-47.5Re, subsequent to the C/C or the PyC/SiC processing. Both the R512E and the MoSi2(Ge) coatings were effective in preventing not only the diffusion of C into the Mo-Re substrate, but also the formation of the Mo-carbides. However, none of the coatings were effective at preventing both C and Si diffusion without some degradation of the substrate.

Glass, David E.↗