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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 181 records · Page 10

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NASA NTRS1972

Satellite Aerodynamics and Density Determination from Satellite Dynamic Response

The aerodynamic drag and lift properties of a satellite are first expressed as a function of two parameters associated with gas-surface interaction at the satellite surface. The dynamic response of the satellite as it passes through the atmosphere is then expressed as a function of the two gas-surface interaction parameters, the atmospheric density, the satellite velocity, and the satellite orientation to the high speed flow. By proper correlation of the observed dynamic response with the changing angle of attack of the satellite, it is found that the two unknown gas-surface interaction parameters can be determined. Once the gas-surface interaction parameters are known, the aerodynamic properties of the satellite at all angles of attack are also determined.

Karr, G. R.↗

NASA NTRS1978

Use of piloted simulation for studies of fighter departure/spin susceptibility

Gilbert, W. P.↗

NASA NTRS2010

Ares I-X Post Flight Ignition Overpressure Review

Ignition Overpressure (IOP) is an unsteady fluid flow and acoustic phenomena caused by the rapid expansion of gas from the rocket nozzle within a ducted launching space resulting in an initially higher amplitude pressure wave. This wave is potentially dangerous to the structural integrity of the vehicle. An in-depth look at the IOP environments resulting from the Ares I-X Solid Rocket Booster configuration showed high correlation between the pre-flight predictions and post-flight analysis results. Correlation between the chamber pressure and IOP transients showed successful acoustic mitigation, containing the strongest IOP waves below the Mobile Launch Pad deck. The flight data allowed subsequent verification and validation of Ares I-X unsteady fluid ducted launcher predictions, computational fluid dynamic models, and strong correlation with historical Shuttle data.

Alvord, David A.↗

NASA NTRS1969

A study of fluid dynamics of gaseous nuclear rockets Quarterly progress report, 1 Jul. - 30 Sep. 1969

Empirical correlations of vortex data for fluid dynamic analysis on gaseous nuclear rockets

Source record↗

NASA NTRS1977

Differential altimetry for satellite orbit determination

Differential altimetry is concerned with the employment of differenced satellite altimeter measurements at orbit ground trace intersections. The employment of this procedure makes it possible to eliminate two of the major error sources found in direct altimetry. Previous applications have not included the appropriate dynamic constraints required to account for correlations due to satellite orbit motion. A description is given of an investigation in which these correlations are included. The methodology produced is consistent with the dynamic environment. The regional or local limitations of previous approaches are overcome by extending the technique to the global scale. Attention is given to the description of the data type, the geometric topography height, altimeter errors, discretization errors, an approximate orbit determination problem, and a comparison of differenced altimeter measurements for retrograde and prograde orbits.

Hagar, H., Jr.↗

NASA NTRS1982

The distant interplanetary wake of Venus - Plasma observations from Pioneer Venus

Observations by the Pioneer Vernus Orbiter plasma analyzer during passages through the Venus solar wind wake in June 1979 are reported. The spacecraft traveled 8-12 Venus radii behind the planet from the sun, detecting frequent, episodic disappearances of the plasma. The disappearance occurred inside the magnetotail, indicating a tattered, filamentary extension of the solar wind cavity. Positive oxygen ions were observed inside and outside of the magnetotail on some days, and were absent on others. The data indicate that the cavity contracts during high solar wind dynamic pressure, although the presence of 0(+) ions is not correlated well with the solar wind dynamic pressure. The most intense bursts originated from a flux of 10 million ions/sq cm per sec, with an 0(+) kinetic energy estimated to be 100,000-1,000,000 K.

Mihalov, J. D.↗

NASA NTRS1979

Experimental measurements of the rotating frequencies and mode shapes of a full scale helicopter rotor in a vacuum and correlations with calculated results

This paper presents results of an experimental program conducted to obtain data which can be used for correlations of rotor blade dynamic analyses. Measurements were made of the rotating frequencies and mode shapes of a representative full-scale, two-bladed helicopter rotor in a vacuum. The blades were cantilevered to the hub. Mode shape data were obtained optically using a system of cameras developed specifically for this purpose. Excitation of the rotor was provided by vertical oscillatory motion of the hub. To compare experimental and analytical results, correlations of some experimental measurements with calculations from an existing blade modes computer program based on a Holzer-Myklestad procedure are presented, and the differences between the results are discussed. The experimental and analytical natural frequencies were generally in good agreement as were the principal components of the modal deflections for the flap and lag modes. The torsion mode shape indicated disagreement between the measured and calculated results in regard to the amount of flap and lag motions present in this mode, while the spanwise variations of the measured and calculated torsional components were in agreement.

Lee, B. L.↗

NASA NTRS2024

Observed Correlation Between Local Topography and Passive Neutron Measurements from the Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons (DAN) Instrument on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Rover

The Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons (DAN) instrument on the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover primarily measures neutrons that have undergone interactions with rocks and materials in the rover's local environment. As the rover ascends Aeolis Mons, it may encounter more extreme local topography (e.g., cliffs, gullies, canyons). We present three parts of the rover's traverse in which local topography, expressed as the average local relief relative to the rover, is moderately to strongly correlated with an increase in passive thermal neutron count rates. These increases in count rates are consistent with results from radiation transport models of the instrument's performance near simulated topographic features. Additional DAN measurements in areas of high average local relief (>0.25 m) within 5 m of the instrument could bolster this correlation. DAN's sensitivity to topography in its passive mode could be utilized as a new measurement capability and has implications for the operation of future landed missions carrying neutron spectrometers (e.g., VIPER, MoonRanger, Lunar-VISE).

Steven D Dibb↗

NASA NTRS2010

Investigating Dynamics of Eccentricity in Turbomachines

A methodology (and hardware and software to implement the methodology) has been developed as a means of investigating coupling between certain rotordynamic and hydrodynamic phenomena in turbomachines. Originally, the methodology was intended for application in an investigation of coupled rotordynamic and hydrodynamic effects postulated to have caused high synchronous vibration in the space shuttle s high-pressure oxygen turbopump (HPOTP). The methodology can also be applied in investigating (for the purpose of developing means of suppressing) undesired hydrodynamic rotor/stator interactions in turbomachines in general. The methodology and the types of phenomena that can be investigated by use of the methodology are best summarized by citing the original application as an example. In that application, in consideration of the high synchronous vibration in the space-shuttle main engine (SSME) HPOTP, it was determined to be necessary to perform tests to investigate the influence of inducer eccentricity and/or synchronous whirl motion on inducer hydrodynamic forces under prescribed flow and cavitation conditions. It was believed that manufacturing tolerances of the turbopump resulted in some induced runout of the pump rotor. Such runout, if oriented with an inducer blade, would cause that blade to run with tip clearance smaller than the tip clearances of the other inducer blades. It was hypothesized that the resulting hydraulic asymmetry, coupled with alternating blade cavitation, could give rise to the observed high synchronous vibration. In tests performed to investigate this hypothesis, prescribed rotor whirl motions have been imposed on a 1/3-scale water-rig version of the SSME LPOTP inducer (which is also a 4-biased inducer having similar cavitation dynamics as the HPOTP) in a magnetic-bearing test facility. The particular magnetic-bearing test facility, through active vibration control, affords a capability to impose, on the rotor, whirl orbits having shapes and whirl rates prescribed by the user, and to simultaneously measure the resulting hydrodynamic forces generated by the impeller. Active control also made it possible to modulate the inducer-blade running tip clearance and consequently effect alternating blade cavitation. The measured hydraulic forces have been compared and correlated with shroud dynamic-pressure measurements.

Baun, Daniel↗

NASA NTRS1967

Estimation using sampled-data containing sequentially correlated noise

Filtering, prediction, and smoothing procedures for multi-stage linear dynamic systems using sampled data with sequentially correlated noise

LINEAR SYSTEM↗

NASA NTRS1979

A model of the variability of the Venus ionopause altitude

A model for the variability of the Venus ionopause as a function of solar wind dynamic pressure and EUV flux during quiescent solar wind conditions is presented. The radio occultation measurements of the Venus ionopause from Mariner 5, 10 and Venera 9, 10 spacecraft, as well as recent in situ Pioneer Venus measurements are interpreted in terms of this model. An ionospheric model consistent with observations in the 400-1000 km region is predominantly O(+) with densities of about 10,000/cu cm and (T sub e + T sub i) approximately equal to 4500-6500 K. For ionopause measurements below 400 km the ionosphere appears severely compressed and density and temperature profiles cannot be simply described, although a strong correlation with solar wind dynamic pressure is observed. Possible effects of IMF direction switching on the dynamics and structure of the ionosphere are also considered and compared with available ionopause data.

Wolff, R. S.↗

NASA NTRS2003

Comparison of Methods for Determining Boundary Layer Edge Conditions for Transition Correlations

Data previously obtained for the X-33 in the NASA Langley Research Center 20-Inch Mach 6 Air Tunnel have been reanalyzed to compare methods for determining boundary layer edge conditions for use in transition correlations. The experimental results were previously obtained utilizing the phosphor thermography technique to monitor the status of the boundary layer downstream of discrete roughness elements via global heat transfer images of the X-33 windward surface. A boundary layer transition correlation was previously developed for this data set using boundary layer edge conditions calculated using an inviscid/integral boundary layer approach. An algorithm was written in the present study to extract boundary layer edge quantities from higher fidelity viscous computational fluid dynamic solutions to develop transition correlations that account for viscous effects on vehicles of arbitrary complexity. The boundary layer transition correlation developed for the X-33 from the viscous solutions are compared to the previous boundary layer transition correlations. It is shown that the boundary layer edge conditions calculated using an inviscid/integral boundary layer approach are significantly different than those extracted from viscous computational fluid dynamic solutions. The present results demonstrate the differences obtained in correlating transition data using different computational methods.

Liechty, Derek S.↗

NASA NTRS1983

Dynamic Mechanical Properties of N-Phenylnadimide Modified PMR Polyimide Composites

The rheological behavior of newly developd Celion 6000/N-phenylnadimide modified PMR polyimide and PMR-15 composites was investigated. The dynamic mechanical properties were correlated with the structure of N-phenylnadimide modified PMR polyimides. The storage modulus (G'), loss modulus (G''), and loss tangent (tan delta) of four composite systems were measured over a temperature range from -150 to 400 C. Three well defined peaks were seen in the regions of 360, 100, and -120 C, corresponding to the alpha, beta, and gamma relaxations, respectively, of the matrix resins. The activation energies of the alpha, beta, and gamma relaxations were estimated to be 232, 60, and 14 kcal/mole, respectively, for PMR-15. Addition of N-phenylnadimide to the PMR-15 composition lowered the glass transition temperature and the activation energies of PMR-15 polyimide. The dynamic mechanical data appear to be consistent with the formation of a copolymer from N-phenylnadimide and a PMR-15 prepolymer.

Pater, R. H.↗

NASA NTRS1978

Use of piloted simulation for studies of fighter departure/spin susceptibility

The NASA-Langley Research Center has incorporated into its stall/spin research program on military airplanes the use of piloted, fixed-base simulation to complement the existing matrix of unique research testing techniques. The piloted simulations of fighter stall/departure flight dynamics are conducted on the Langley Differential Maneuvering Simulator (DMS). The objectives of the simulation research are reviewed. The rationale underlying the simulation methods and procedures used in the evaluation of airplane characteristics is presented. The evaluation steps used to assess fighter stall/departure characteristics are discussed. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the flight dynamics phenomena dealt with. The considerable experience accumulated in the conduct of piloted stall/departure simulation indicates that simulation provides a realistic evaluation of an airplane's maneuverability at high angles of attack and an assessment of the departure and spin susceptibility of the airplane. This realism is obtained by providing the pilot a complete simulation of the airplane and control system which can be flown using a realistic cockpit and visual display in simulations of demanding air combat maneuvering tasks. The use of the piloted simulation methods and procedures described were found very effective in identifying stability and control problem areas and in developing automatic control concepts to alleviate many of these problems. A good level of correlation between simulated flight dynamics and flight test results were obtained over the many fighter configurations studied in the simulator.

Gilbert, W. P.↗

NASA NTRS1989

Three dimensional simulation of spatial and temporal variability of stratospheric hydrogen chloride

Spatial and temporal variability of atmospheric HCl columns are calculated for January 1979 using a three-dimensional chemistry-transport model designed to provide the best possible representation of stratospheric transport. Large spatial and temporal variability of the HCl columns is shown to be correlated with lower stratospheric potential vorticity and thus to be of dynamical origin. Systematic longitudinal structure is correlated with planetary wave structure. These results can help place spatially and temporally isolated column and profile measurements in a regional and/or global perspective.

Kaye, Jack A.↗

NASA NTRS1985

Interpretation of ozone temperature correlations. I - Theory

Correlations between ozone and temperature are commonly used to investigate the photochemical and dynamical aspects of satellite-derived ozone data. In this paper, the dynamical contributions to the ozone temperature correlations are examined using simple analytic and numerical models. It is shown that the phase differences between ozone and temperature waves caused by dynamical forcing can mimic the phase relationships predicted for photochemical equilibrium. Furthermore, the dynamical contribution to the phase relationship between ozone and temperature waves is routinely significant for chemistry time scales of approximately 0.5 days and is potentially important for time scales as short as 2 hours during stratospheric warmings. The model results are highly relevant to the analysis of the limb infrared monitor of the stratosphere and solar backscatter ultraviolet data taken during the winter of 1979.

Rood, R. B.↗

NASA NTRS1995

Temporal variation of meandering intensity and domain-wide lateral oscillations of the Gulf Stream

The path of the Gulf Stream exhibits two modes of variability: wavelike spatial meanders associated with instability processes and large-sale lateral shifts of the path presumably due to atmospheric forcing. The objectives of this study are to examine the temporal variation of the intensity of spatial meandering in the stream, to characterize large-scale lateral oscillations in the stream's path, and to study the correlation betwen these two dynamically distinct modes of variability. The data used for this analysis are path displacemets ofthe Gulf Stream between 75 deg and 60 deg W obtained from AVHRR-derived (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) infrared images for the period April 1982 through December 1989. Meandering intensity, measured by the spatial root-mean-sqaure displacement of the stream path, displays a 9-month dominant periodicity which is persistent through the study period. The 9-month fluctuation in meandering intensity may be related to the interaction of Rosseby waves with the stream. Interannual variation of meandering intensity is also found to be significant, with meandering being mich more intense during 1985 than it was in 1987. Annual variation, however,is weak and not well-defined.The spatially averaged position of the stream, which reflects nonmeandering large-scale lateral oscillations of the stream path, is dominated by an annual cycle. On average, the mean position is farthest north in November and farthest south in April. The first empirical orthogonal function mode of the space-time path displacements represents lateral oscillatins that are in-phase over the space-time domain. Interannual oscillations are also observed and are found to be weaker than the annual oscillation. The eigenvalue of the first mode indicates that about 21.5% of the total space-time variability of the stream path can be attibuted to domain-wide lateral oscillation. The correlation between meandering intensity and domain-wide lateral oscillations is very weak.

Lee, Tong↗

NASA NTRS1984

Decennial Specialists' Meeting on Rotorcraft Dynamics, 2nd, Moffett Field, CA, November 7-9, 1984, Proceedings

Various papers on helicopter rotor technology are presented. The subjects considered include: ground resonance analysis using a substructure modelling approach, aerolastic stability of a bearingless rotor, experimentally determined flutter from two and three-bladed model bearingless rotors in hover, lifting surface theory for a helicopter rotor in forward flight, aeroelastic considerations for torsionally soft rotors, and restructuring of a rotor analysis program. Also discussed are: dynamic inflow and its effect on experimental correlations, flap-lag-torsion instability in forward flight, dynamic stability of a bearingless circulation control rotor blade in hover, dynamic response characteristics of a circulation control rotor model pneumatic system, the relations between vibratory loads and airframe vibrations, coupled rotor body vibrations with in-plane degrees of freedom, helicopter vibration reduction concepts.

Source record↗