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At least 181 records · Page 10
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1987

SAR image data compression for an on-line archive system

This paper summarizes the investigation of SAR image data compression for an on-line archive data distribution system. This system is planned for the ground processing system of Alaska SAR Facility (ASF) and Shuttle Imaging Radar (SIR-C). The objective of the SAR image data compression is to enable the data archive system to provide the remote users a large data base with good image quality, short response time, low transfer cost, and minimal decoding complexity. The requirements and limitations of the on-line archive data distribution system are presented. The effects of SAR image data characteristics on data compression are addressed. The users' survey results suggest that compression ratios between 10:1 and 20:1 appear suitable. Based on the algorithm evaluation results, the two-level tree-searched vector quantization technique has been recommended as the SAR image data compression algorithm for the on-line archive data distribution system.

Chang, C. Y.↗
NASA NTRS1993

An adaptive, lossless data compression algorithm and VLSI implementations

This paper first provides an overview of an adaptive, lossless, data compression algorithm originally devised by Rice in the early '70s. It then reports the development of a VLSI encoder/decoder chip set developed which implements this algorithm. A recent effort in making a space qualified version of the encoder is described along with several enhancements to the algorithm. The performance of the enhanced algorithm is compared with those from other currently available lossless compression techniques on multiple sets of test data. The results favor our implemented technique in many applications.

Venbrux, Jack↗
NASA NTRS2006

Low-Complexity Adaptive Lossless Compression of Hyperspectral Imagery

A low-complexity, adaptive predictive technique for lossless compression of hyperspectral imagery is described. This technique is designed to be suitable for implementation in hardware such as a field programmable gate array (FPGA); such an implementation could be used for high-speed compression of hyperspectral imagery onboard a spacecraft. The predictive step of the technique makes use of the sign algorithm, which is a relative of the least mean square (LMS) algorithm from the field of low-complexity adaptive filtering. The compressed data stream consists of prediction residuals encoded using a method similar to that of the JPEG-LS lossless image compression standard. Compression results are presented for several datasets including some raw Airborne Visible/ Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) datasets and raw Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) datasets. The compression effectiveness obtained with the technique is competitive with that of the best of previously described techniques with similar complexity.

lossless data compression↗
NASA NTRS1989

A self diagnostic system for piezoelectric sensors

A technique for determining the mounting conditions of a piezoelectric accelerometer is presented. This technique electrically stimulates the piezoelectric element in the 'diagnostic' frequency band measuring the electrical frequency response characteristics across a capacitive load impedance. The diagnostic frequency band is tipically much higher than the operating bandwidth of the accelerometer. The resonant frequencies of the accelerometer are included in the diagnostic band. By monitoring the shift in these resonant frequencies, via electrical stimulation techniques, certain diagnostic conditions including mounting conditions can be determined. Experimental data from a compression mode accelerometer is used to demonstrate this technique.

Atherton, William J.↗
NASA NTRS1995

A Posteriori Restoration of Block Transform-Compressed Data

The Galileo spacecraft will use lossy data compression for the transmission of its science imagery over the low-bandwidth communication system. The technique chosen for image compression is a block transform technique based on the Integer Cosine Transform, a derivative of the JPEG image compression standard. Considered here are two known a posteriori enhancement techniques, which are adapted.

data compression galileo image compression compres↗
NASA NTRS1990

A burst compression and expansion technique for variable-rate users in satellite-switched TDMA networks

A burst compression and expansion technique is described for asynchronously interconnecting variable-data-rate users with cost-efficient ground terminals in a satellite-switched, time-division-multiple-access (SS/TDMA) network. Compression and expansion buffers in each ground terminal convert between lower rate, asynchronous, continuous-user data streams and higher-rate TDMA bursts synchronized with the satellite-switched timing. The technique described uses a first-in, first-out (FIFO) memory approach which enables the use of inexpensive clock sources by both the users and the ground terminals and obviates the need for elaborate user clock synchronization processes. A continous range of data rates from kilobits per second to that approaching the modulator burst rate (hundreds of megabits per second) can be accommodated. The technique was developed for use in the NASA Lewis Research Center System Integration, Test, and Evaluation (SITE) facility. Some key features of the technique have also been implemented in the gound terminals developed at NASA Lewis for use in on-orbit evaluation of the Advanced Communications Technology Satellite (ACTS) high burst rate (HBR) system.

Budinger, James M.↗
NASA NTRS1990

A burst compression and expansion technique for variable-rate users in satellite-switched TDMA networks

A burst compression and expansion technique is described for asynchronously interconnecting variable-data-rate users with cost-efficient ground terminals in a satellite-switched, time-division-multiple-access (SS/TDMA) network. Compression and expansion buffers in each ground terminal convert between lower rate, asynchronous, continuous-user data streams and higher-rate TDMA bursts synchronized with the satellite-switched timing. The technique described uses a first-in, first-out (FIFO) memory approach which enables the use of inexpensive clock sources by both the users and the ground terminals and obviates the need for elaborate user clock synchronization processes. A continuous range of data rates from kilobits per second to that approaching the modulator burst rate (hundreds of megabits per second) can be accommodated. The technique was developed for use in the NASA Lewis Research Center System Integration, Test, and Evaluation (SITE) facility. Some key features of the technique have also been implemented in the ground terminals developed at NASA Lewis for use in on-orbit evaluation of the Advanced Communications Technology Satellite (ACTS) high burst rate (HBR) system.

Budinger, James M.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Measurements of reactive gaseous rocket injector response factors

The results presented represent the first successful attempt at the measurement of the driving capabilities of coaxial gaseous propellant rocket injectors. The required data have been obtained by employing the modified impedance tube technique with compressed air as the oxidizer and acetylene gas as the fuel. The data describe the frequency dependence of the injector admittances, from which the frequency dependence of the injection response factors can be calculated. The measured injector admittances have been compared with the predictions of the Feiler and Heidmann (1967) analytical model assuming different values for the characteristic combustion time. The values of combustion time which result in a best fit between the measured and predicted data are indicated for different equivalence ratios. It is shown that for the coaxial injector system investigated in this study the characteristic combustion times vary between .7 and 1.2 msec for equivalence ratios in the range of .57 to 1.31. The experimental data clearly show that the tested injector system could indeed drive combustion instabilities over a frequency range that is in qualitative agreement with the predictions of the Feiler and Heidmann model.

Janardan, B. A.↗
NASA NTRS1996

Galileo Telecom Link and its Application to Future Missions

On May 23, 1996, Galileo successfully switched to a new telecommunication mode with upgraded software on the spacecraft and comprehensively revised ground equipment. The new link offers multiple techniques (arraying, error-correcting coding, data compression, etc) to maximize the data return, while applying automation to minimize the complexity and cost of operations.

Galileo↗
NASA NTRS1995

A spatially adaptive spectral re-ordering technique for lossless coding of hyper-spectral images

In this paper, we propose a new approach, applicable to lossless compression of hyper-spectral images, that alleviates some limitations of linear prediction as applied to this problem. According to this approach, an adaptive re-ordering of the spectral components of each pixel is performed prior to prediction and encoding. This re-ordering adaptively exploits, on a pixel-by pixel basis, the presence of inter-band correlations for prediction. Furthermore, the proposed approach takes advantage of spatial correlations, and does not introduce any coding overhead to transmit the order of the spectral bands. This is accomplished by using the assumption that two spatially adjacent pixels are expected to have similar spectral relationships. We thus have a simple technique to exploit spectral and spatial correlations in hyper-spectral data sets, leading to compression performance improvements as compared to our previously reported techniques for lossless compression. We also look at some simple error modeling techniques for further exploiting any structure that remains in the prediction residuals prior to entropy coding.

Memon, Nasir D.↗
NASA NTRS1981

A modified adaptive delta modulator

This paper presents the results of a study in data compression of adaptive delta modulated video signals. The Song mode ADM is first investigated at a sampling rate of 16 Mbits/s and shown not to produce enough redundancy to warrant entropy encoding. A modified adaptive delta modulator algorithm is presented that operates at a sampling rate of 16 Mbits/s and does produce sufficient redundancy to yield a 40-50 percent data compression by using a simple code on 4 bit data blocks. Other techniques such as field interpolation and direct substitution are shown to increase the possible data compression further without noticeable degradation in the two input images used in this investigation. The effects of channel errors in the transmission of packet video over a computer network are considered. A leaky integrator is used to reduce the effects of channel errors in the data bits. It is shown that the effects of channel errors can be reduced by field interpolating those packets that can be shown to contain errors.

Barba, J.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Fractal image compression

Fractals are geometric or data structures which do not simplify under magnification. Fractal Image Compression is a technique which associates a fractal to an image. On the one hand, the fractal can be described in terms of a few succinct rules, while on the other, the fractal contains much or all of the image information. Since the rules are described with less bits of data than the image, compression results. Data compression with fractals is an approach to reach high compression ratios for large data streams related to images. The high compression ratios are attained at a cost of large amounts of computation. Both lossless and lossy modes are supported by the technique. The technique is stable in that small errors in codes lead to small errors in image data. Applications to the NASA mission are discussed.

Barnsley, Michael F.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Planning and executing motions for multibody systems in free-fall

The purpose of this research is to develop an end-to-end system that can be applied to a multibody system in free-fall to analyze its possible motions, save those motions in a database, and design a controller that can execute those motions. A goal is for the process to be highly automated and involve little human intervention. Ideally, the output of the system would be data and algorithms that could be put in ROM to control the multibody system in free-fall. The research applies to more than just robots in space. It applies to any multibody system in free-fall. Mathematical techniques from nonlinear control theory were used to study the nature of the system dynamics and its possible motions. Optimization techniques were applied to plan motions. Image compression techniques were proposed to compress the precomputed motion data for storage. A linearized controller was derived to control the system while it executes preplanned trajectories.

Cameron, Jonathan M.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Failure of compression-loaded multi-directional composite laminates

An analytical and experimental investigation of the failure of selected compression-loaded composite laminates is described. A general nonlinear theory is presented for predicting a laminate's compressive strength and failure mode. The theory includes the effects of out-of-plane ply waviness, inplane fiber waviness, and fiber scissoring. A simple compressive test technique is used to obtain the experimental data. The analytical and experimental results show good agreement for theta less than 45 deg and show excellent agreement for theta not less than 45 deg. The dominant compression failure modes for the laminates in this study were found to be interlaminar shearing, inplane matrix shearing, and matrix compression.

Shuart, Mark J.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Design of QMF (Quadrature Mirror Filter) in spatial domain and edge encoding

Simoncelli and Adelson have extended the one dimensional Quadrature Mirror Filter (QMF) to two dimensions with hexagon symmetry and three dimensional spatio-temporal extensions with rhombic-duodecahedray symmetry. Jain and Crochiere presented an excellent QMF design technique in the time domain. It is proposed to extend the design of a two dimensional QMF over a rectangular lattice in the spatial domain based primarily on the extension of the idea of Jain and Crochiere. In addition, the design will investigate the use of two dimensional Z-transformations. Since this proposed QMF is intended for the applications in image processing, all the important and interesting engineering issues will be addressed throughout the development phase. The design of a two dimensional QMF is discussed. The motivation is to achieve an extremely high data compression ratio. It is entirely possible to achieve dramatic results when pattern recognition techniques are employed. The final goal is the demonstration of extremely high data compression ratios using NASA pictures.

Wang, Paul P.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Analysis of distortion data from TF30-P-3 mixed compression inlet test

A program was conducted to reduce and analyze inlet and engine data obtained during testing of a TF30-P-3 engine operating behind a mixed compression inlet. Previously developed distortion analysis techniques were applied to the data to assist in the development of a new distortion methodology. Instantaneous distortion techniques were refined as part of the distortion methodology development. A technique for estimating maximum levels of instantaneous distortion from steady state and average turbulence data was also developed as part of the program.

King, R. W.↗
NASA NTRS2016

Application of Compressive Sensing to Gravitational Microlensing Experiments

Compressive Sensing is an emerging technology for data compression and simultaneous data acquisition. This is an enabling technique for significant reduction in data bandwidth, and transmission power and hence, can greatly benefit spaceflight instruments. We apply this process to detect exoplanets via gravitational microlensing. We experiment with various impact parameters that describe microlensing curves to determine the effectiveness and uncertainty caused by Compressive Sensing. Finally, we describe implications for spaceflight missions.

Compressive Sensing↗