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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 181 records · Page 10
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

1000 Wh L−1 lithium-ion batteries enabled by crosslink-shrunk tough carbon encapsulated silicon microparticle anodes

Abstract Microparticulate silicon (Si), normally shelled with carbons, features higher tap density and less interfacial side reactions compared to its nanosized counterpart, showing great potential to be applied as high-energy lithium-ion battery anodes. However, localized high stress generated during fabrication and particularly, under operating, could induce cracking of carbon shells and release pulverized nanoparticles, significantly deteriorating its electrochemical performance. Here we design a strong yet ductile carbon cage from an easily processing capillary shrinkage of graphene hydrogel followed by precise tailoring of inner voids. Such a structure, analog to the stable structure of plant cells, presents ‘imperfection-tolerance’ to volume variation of irregular Si microparticles, maintaining the electrode integrity over 1000 cycles with Coulombic efficiency over 99.5%. This design enables the use of a dense and thick (3 mAh cm–2) microparticulate Si anode with an ultra-high volumetric energy density of 1048 Wh L–1 achieved at pouch full-cell level coupled with a LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Design of tough adhesive from commodity thermoplastics through dynamic crosslinking

Tough adhesives provide resistance against high debonding forces, and these adhesives are difficult to design because of the simultaneous requirement of strength and ductility. Here, we report a design of tough reversible/recyclable adhesive materials enabled by incorporating dynamic covalent bonds of boronic ester into commodity triblock thermoplastic elastomers that reversibly bind with various fillers and substrates. The spectroscopic measurements and density functional theory calculations unveil versatile dynamic covalent binding of boronic ester with various hydroxy-terminated surfaces such as silica nanoparticles, aluminum, steel, and glass. The designed multiphase material exhibits exceptionally high adhesion strength and work of debonding with a rebonding capability, as well as outstanding mechanical, thermal, and chemical resistance properties. Bonding and debonding at the interfaces dictate hybrid material properties, and this revelation of tailored dynamic interactions with multiple interfaces will open up a new design of adhesives and hybrid materials.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

In-situ polymerized and crosslinked electrolytes with interchangeable Li/Na transport for battery applications

The next generation of batteries requires electrolytes with high conductivity, mechanical stability, good adhesion with electrodes, wide electrochemical windows, and scalability. The present study introduces a concept of doped quasi single-ion conducting copolymers based on methacrylate-(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI) and vinyl ethylene carbonate which at room temperature are mechanically robust and display ionic conductivities of ~0.1 mS/cm. These electrolytes can be polymerized/crosslinked in-situ, making them easily implementable in current battery manufacturing technologies. They also allow for switching between Li + and Na + transport using simple chemistry procedures. To demonstrate their potential for battery applications, the newly developed Li conductors have been tested in symmetric cells, exhibiting overall impedance below 350 Ohm and plating/stripping stability up to 1 mA/cm 2 . Moreover, lithium metal batteries incorporating this electrolyte and high-voltage Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (NMC) cathodes show good capacity retention (~79%) during charging and discharging for 80 cycles at C/10 rate and a Coulombic efficiency close to 100% in the entire measurement range. The compositional, mechanical and electrochemical versatility of these electrolytes opens new venues for the design of polymer-based batteries capable of fast charging and extended cycle life, aligning with the current global green energy storage strategies.

Polymer electrolytes↗
DOE OSTI2025

Consideration of Decabromodiphenyl Ether Flame Retardant in Thermal and Radiation Aging of Crosslinked Polyethylene Cable Insulation

Decabromodiphenyl ether (decaBDE) has been used as a flame-retardant additive in nuclear-grade electrical cable insulation. However, decaBDE has been identified as a persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) substance, leading to regulatory scrutiny. On January 6, 2021, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published a final rule to phase out decaBDE. The 2021 rule set a two-year compliance deadline for “processing and distribution in commerce of decaBDE for use in wire and cable insulation in nuclear power generation facilities.” In recognition of industry concerns following a sudden discontinuation of decaBDE-containing Class 1E wire and cable essential for nuclear power operations and the time needed for qualifying the individual components using the alternative insulation technology, an extended compliance deadline was set in the finalized amendments to the 2021 rule as published by the Environmental Appeals Board on November 12, 2024. The 2024 rule set the compliance deadline for processing and distributing decaBDE-containing wire and cable insulation until the end of the service life of these materials. Since decaBDE has long been relied upon as the flame retardant in one of the most common cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) nuclear cable insulation formulations, RSCC Firewall III insulation, questions have naturally arisen regarding whether changes in cable performance might be expected for XLPE containing a decaBDE alternative, especially for safety-related cables that must perform their safety function in a design basis event such as a loss of coolant accident.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗