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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 181 records · Page 10
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2013

Metal-Silicate Partitioning of Bi, In, and Cd as a Function of Temperature and Melt Composition

The origin of volatile elements in the Earth, Moon and Mars is not known; however, several theories have been proposed based on volatile elements such as In, As, Se, Te and Zn which are in lower concentration in the Earth, Moon, and Mars than in chondrites. Explanations for these low concentrations are based on two contrasting theories for the origin of Earth: equilibrium core formation versus late accretion. One idea is that the volatiles were added during growth of the planets and Moon, and some mobilized into the metallic core while others stayed in the mantle (e.g., [1]). The competing idea is that they were added to the mantles after core formation had completed (e.g., [2]). Testing these ideas involves quantitative modeling which can only be performed after data is obtained on the systematic metal-silicate partitioning behavior of volatile elements with temperature, pressure and melt composition. Until now, such data for Bi, In, and Cd has been lacking. After conducting a series of high pressure, high temperature experiments, the metal-silicate partition coefficients of Bi, In, and Cd as a function of temperature and melt composition can be used to evaluate potential conditions under which terrestrial planets differentiated into core and mantle, and how they acquired volatiles.

Marin, Nicole↗
NASA NTRS2017

Effect of Silicon on Activity Coefficients of P, Bl, CD, SN, and AG in Liquid Fe-Si, and Implications for Differentiation and Core Formation

Cores of differentiated bodies (Earth, Mars, Mercury, Moon, Vesta) contain light elements such as S, C, Si, and O. We have previously measured small effects of Si on metal-silicate partitioning of Ni and Co [1,2], and larger effects for Mo, Ge, Sb, As [2]. The effect of Si on many siderophile elements could be an important, and as yet unquantified, influence on the core-mantle partitioning of SE. Here we report new experiments designed to quantify the effect of Si on the partitioning of Bi, Cd, Sn, Ag, and P between metal and silicate melt. The results will be applied to Earth, Mars, Mercury, Moon, and Vesta, for which we have excellent constraints on the mantle Bi, Cd, Sn, Ag, and P concentrations from mantle and/or basalt samples.

Righter, K.↗
NASA NTRS2018

Effect of Silicon on Activity Coefficients of P, Bi, Cd, Sn, and Ag in Liquid Fe-Si, and Implications for Core Formation

Cores of differentiated bodies (Earth, Mars, Mercury, Moon, Vesta) contain light elements such as S, C, Si, and O. We have previously measured small effects of Si on Ni and Co, and larger effects on Mo, Ge, Sb, As metal/silicate partitioning. The effect of Si on metal-silicate partitioning has been quantified for many siderophile elements, but there are a few key elements for which the effects are not yet quantified. Here we report new experiments designed to quantify the effect of Si on the partitioning of Bi, Cd, Sn, Ag, and P between metal and silicate melt. The results will be applied to Earth, Mars, Moon, and Vesta, for which we have good constraints on the mantle Bi, Cd, Sn, Ag, and P concentrations from mantle and/or basalt samples.

Righter, K.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cd(GaTe2)2 by Materials Project

CdGa2Te4 crystallizes in the tetragonal I-4 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Cd2+ is bonded to four equivalent Te2- atoms to form CdTe4 tetrahedra that share corners with eight GaTe4 tetrahedra. All Cd–Te bond lengths are 2.87 Å. There are two inequivalent Ga3+ sites. In the first Ga3+ site, Ga3+ is bonded to four equivalent Te2- atoms to form GaTe4 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent CdTe4 tetrahedra and corners with four equivalent GaTe4 tetrahedra. All Ga–Te bond lengths are 2.68 Å. In the second Ga3+ site, Ga3+ is bonded to four equivalent Te2- atoms to form GaTe4 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent CdTe4 tetrahedra and corners with four equivalent GaTe4 tetrahedra. All Ga–Te bond lengths are 2.67 Å. Te2- is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Cd2+ and two Ga3+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cd(InTe2)2 by Materials Project

CdIn2Te4 crystallizes in the tetragonal I-4 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Cd2+ is bonded to four equivalent Te2- atoms to form CdTe4 tetrahedra that share corners with eight InTe4 tetrahedra. All Cd–Te bond lengths are 2.88 Å. There are two inequivalent In3+ sites. In the first In3+ site, In3+ is bonded to four equivalent Te2- atoms to form InTe4 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent CdTe4 tetrahedra and corners with four equivalent InTe4 tetrahedra. All In–Te bond lengths are 2.84 Å. In the second In3+ site, In3+ is bonded to four equivalent Te2- atoms to form InTe4 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent CdTe4 tetrahedra and corners with four equivalent InTe4 tetrahedra. All In–Te bond lengths are 2.85 Å. Te2- is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Cd2+ and two In3+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cd(InSe2)2 by Materials Project

CdIn2Se4 crystallizes in the tetragonal I-4 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Cd2+ is bonded to four equivalent Se2- atoms to form CdSe4 tetrahedra that share corners with eight InSe4 tetrahedra. All Cd–Se bond lengths are 2.70 Å. There are two inequivalent In3+ sites. In the first In3+ site, In3+ is bonded to four equivalent Se2- atoms to form InSe4 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent CdSe4 tetrahedra and corners with four equivalent InSe4 tetrahedra. All In–Se bond lengths are 2.64 Å. In the second In3+ site, In3+ is bonded to four equivalent Se2- atoms to form InSe4 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent CdSe4 tetrahedra and corners with four equivalent InSe4 tetrahedra. All In–Se bond lengths are 2.64 Å. Se2- is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Cd2+ and two In3+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cd(InSe2)2 by Materials Project

CdIn2Se4 is Spinel structured and crystallizes in the cubic Fd-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Cd2+ is bonded to four equivalent Se2- atoms to form CdSe4 tetrahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent InSe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 58°. All Cd–Se bond lengths are 2.70 Å. In3+ is bonded to six equivalent Se2- atoms to form InSe6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent CdSe4 tetrahedra and edges with six equivalent InSe6 octahedra. All In–Se bond lengths are 2.79 Å. Se2- is bonded to one Cd2+ and three equivalent In3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SeCdIn3 trigonal pyramids.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cd(GaSe2)2 by Materials Project

CdGa2Se4 crystallizes in the tetragonal I-4m2 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Cd2+ is bonded to six Se2- atoms to form CdSe6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent GaSe6 octahedra, corners with four equivalent CdSe6 octahedra, and edges with eight GaSe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–8°. There are four shorter (2.80 Å) and two longer (2.87 Å) Cd–Se bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Ga3+ sites. In the first Ga3+ site, Ga3+ is bonded to six Se2- atoms to form GaSe6 octahedra that share corners with four equivalent GaSe6 octahedra, edges with four equivalent CdSe6 octahedra, and edges with four equivalent GaSe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 8°. There are two shorter (2.46 Å) and four longer (2.80 Å) Ga–Se bond lengths. In the second Ga3+ site, Ga3+ is bonded to six Se2- atoms to form GaSe6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent CdSe6 octahedra, corners with four equivalent GaSe6 octahedra, edges with four equivalent CdSe6 octahedra, and edges with four equivalent GaSe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–8°. There are two shorter (2.46 Å) and four longer (2.80 Å) Ga–Se bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Se2- sites. In the first Se2- site, Se2- is bonded to two equivalent Cd2+ and three Ga3+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing SeCd2Ga3 square pyramids. In the second Se2- site, Se2- is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to one Cd2+ and three Ga3+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cd(GaO2)2 by Materials Project

CdGa2O4 is Spinel structured and crystallizes in the cubic Fd-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Cd2+ is bonded to four equivalent O2- atoms to form CdO4 tetrahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent GaO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 61°. All Cd–O bond lengths are 2.17 Å. Ga3+ is bonded to six equivalent O2- atoms to form GaO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent CdO4 tetrahedra and edges with six equivalent GaO6 octahedra. All Ga–O bond lengths are 2.04 Å. O2- is bonded to one Cd2+ and three equivalent Ga3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner and edge-sharing OCdGa3 tetrahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cd(GaS2)2 by Materials Project

CdGa2S4 crystallizes in the tetragonal I-4 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Cd2+ is bonded to four equivalent S2- atoms to form CdS4 tetrahedra that share corners with eight GaS4 tetrahedra. All Cd–S bond lengths are 2.57 Å. There are two inequivalent Ga3+ sites. In the first Ga3+ site, Ga3+ is bonded to four equivalent S2- atoms to form GaS4 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent CdS4 tetrahedra and corners with four equivalent GaS4 tetrahedra. All Ga–S bond lengths are 2.31 Å. In the second Ga3+ site, Ga3+ is bonded to four equivalent S2- atoms to form GaS4 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent CdS4 tetrahedra and corners with four equivalent GaS4 tetrahedra. All Ga–S bond lengths are 2.31 Å. S2- is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Cd2+ and two Ga3+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cd(CO2)2 by Materials Project

CdC2O4 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Cd2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing CdO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 56°. There are a spread of Cd–O bond distances ranging from 2.26–2.45 Å. C3+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.26 Å) and one longer (1.28 Å) C–O bond length. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cd2+ and one C3+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two equivalent Cd2+ and one C3+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cd(InS2)2 by Materials Project

CdIn2S4 is Spinel structured and crystallizes in the cubic Fd-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Cd2+ is bonded to four equivalent S2- atoms to form CdS4 tetrahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent InS6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 58°. All Cd–S bond lengths are 2.58 Å. In3+ is bonded to six equivalent S2- atoms to form InS6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent CdS4 tetrahedra and edges with six equivalent InS6 octahedra. All In–S bond lengths are 2.65 Å. S2- is bonded to one Cd2+ and three equivalent In3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SCdIn3 trigonal pyramids.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cd(InSe2)2 by Materials Project

CdIn2Se4 crystallizes in the tetragonal I-42m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Cd2+ is bonded to four equivalent Se2- atoms to form CdSe4 tetrahedra that share corners with eight equivalent InSe4 tetrahedra. All Cd–Se bond lengths are 2.70 Å. In3+ is bonded to four equivalent Se2- atoms to form InSe4 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent CdSe4 tetrahedra and corners with four equivalent InSe4 tetrahedra. All In–Se bond lengths are 2.64 Å. Se2- is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Cd2+ and two equivalent In3+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cd(InSe2)2 by Materials Project

CdIn2Se4 crystallizes in the tetragonal P-42m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Cd2+ is bonded to four equivalent Se2- atoms to form CdSe4 tetrahedra that share corners with eight equivalent InSe4 tetrahedra. All Cd–Se bond lengths are 2.69 Å. In3+ is bonded to four equivalent Se2- atoms to form InSe4 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent CdSe4 tetrahedra and corners with four equivalent InSe4 tetrahedra. All In–Se bond lengths are 2.65 Å. Se2- is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Cd2+ and two equivalent In3+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cd(In2I3)2 by Materials Project

In4CdI6 is Krennerite-derived structured and crystallizes in the tetragonal P4/mnc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Cd2+ is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six I1- atoms. There are two shorter (2.89 Å) and four longer (3.12 Å) Cd–I bond lengths. In1+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six I1- atoms. There are a spread of In–I bond distances ranging from 3.48–3.69 Å. There are two inequivalent I1- sites. In the first I1- site, I1- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to one Cd2+ and four equivalent In1+ atoms. In the second I1- site, I1- is bonded to one Cd2+ and four equivalent In1+ atoms to form distorted corner-sharing ICdIn4 square pyramids.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cd(FeO2)2 by Materials Project

CdFe2O4 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pnma space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Fe3+ sites. In the first Fe3+ site, Fe3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 49–58°. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 2.01–2.09 Å. In the second Fe3+ site, Fe3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 49–58°. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 2.01–2.09 Å. Cd2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cd–O bond distances ranging from 2.39–2.65 Å. There are four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to three equivalent Fe3+ and two equivalent Cd2+ atoms to form distorted edge-sharing OCd2Fe3 square pyramids. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Fe3+ and two equivalent Cd2+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three Fe3+ and two equivalent Cd2+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three Fe3+ and two equivalent Cd2+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cd(PtO2)3 by Materials Project

CdPt3O6 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Cmmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Pt+3.33+ sites. In the first Pt+3.33+ site, Pt+3.33+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form PtO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent PtO6 octahedra, edges with four equivalent CdO8 hexagonal bipyramids, and edges with two equivalent PtO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 53°. There are two shorter (2.04 Å) and four longer (2.07 Å) Pt–O bond lengths. In the second Pt+3.33+ site, Pt+3.33+ is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four equivalent O2- atoms. All Pt–O bond lengths are 2.01 Å. Cd2+ is bonded to eight O2- atoms to form distorted CdO8 hexagonal bipyramids that share edges with two equivalent CdO8 hexagonal bipyramids and edges with eight equivalent PtO6 octahedra. There are four shorter (2.33 Å) and four longer (2.53 Å) Cd–O bond lengths. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Pt+3.33+ and one Cd2+ atom to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing OCdPt3 tetrahedra. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to two equivalent Pt+3.33+ and two equivalent Cd2+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing OCd2Pt2 tetrahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cd(SbO3)2 by Materials Project

CdSb2O6 is zeta iron carbide-derived structured and crystallizes in the trigonal P-31m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Cd2+ is bonded to six equivalent O2- atoms to form CdO6 octahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent SbO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 53°. All Cd–O bond lengths are 2.38 Å. Sb5+ is bonded to six equivalent O2- atoms to form SbO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent CdO6 octahedra and edges with three equivalent SbO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 53°. All Sb–O bond lengths are 2.02 Å. O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Cd2+ and two equivalent Sb5+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗