Contaminants vs micrometeorites from the 1965 Leonid meteor shower
Separation and identification of contaminants found on collecting surfaces exposed to Leonid meteoroid shower in 1965
Blanchard, M. B.↗
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Image intensifier photography of simulated showers in large area layers of plastic scintillators
Image intensifier photography of simulated showers in large-area of plastic scintillator
Huggett, R. W.↗
Collection of meteoric dust after the Leonid meteor shower 1965.
Sounding rocket collection of meteoric dust after 1965 Leonid meteor shower, noting electron beam bombardment effects on dust stability
Hallgren, D. S.↗
Meteor shower mass distribution from radar echo counts.
Meteor shower mass distribution from radar echo counts
Elford, W. G.↗
Image-intensifier photography of simulated showers in large-area layers of plastic scintillator.
Image intensifier photography of simulated cosmic ray shower development within ionization calorimeter containing large sheets of plastic scintillator
Huggett, R. W.↗
Analyses of particles on surfaces exposed to the 1965 Leonid meteor shower by the Luster sounding rocket.
Particle concentrations and size distribution on Luster sounding rocket surfaces exposed to Leonid meteroid shower, comparing contamination and extraterrestrial origins
Blanchard, M. B.↗
Experimental determination of the transition effect in electromagnetic cascade showers.
Electromagnetic cascade showers transition effect in various materials, measuring energy deposition as function of position
Crannell, C. J.↗
An experimental investigation of fluctuations and correlations in electromagnetic and nuclear showers developing in lead
Investigation of fluctuation and correlation in electromagnetic and nuclear showers developing in lead
Brecht, J. J.↗
Microparticle collection experiments during the 1966 Orionid and Leonid meteor showers
Microparticle collection experiments during 1966 Orionid and Leonid meteor showers accomplished by Luster and ALARR /air launched-air recovered rocket/ instruments
Blanchard, M. B.↗
Limits on magnetic monopole fluxes in the primary cosmic radiation from inverse Compton scattering and muon-poor extensive air showers
Magnetic monopole flux limits in primary cosmic radiation derived from muon-poor shower data and inverse Compton scattering
Osborne, W. Z.↗
Development of a zero-gravity whole body shower
Zero gravity whole body shower system for space station, describing air drag and vacuum methods for water collection
Hall, J. B., Jr.↗
Space shower habitability technology
Shower habitability requirements for adequate cleansing of body and hair to satisfy physiological, psychological and social needs of crew members on long space missions
Hall, J. B., Jr.↗
Would shower cores or relativistic monopoles produce straight lightning.
The cause of leaders occasionally leaving old stroke channels is found to be atomic and molecular negative ions inside and outside old stroke channels, respectively. From this it is shown that the ionization in shower cores and possibly that in monopole paths would be capable of carrying a lightning leader which would then be straight and result in a straight return stroke. Artificial initiation of lightning shows that even thunderclouds without spontaneous lightning maintain large potential gradients over large areas for significant periods of time. Thundercloud conditions for straight lightning may be more favorable over ocean than land areas.
Tompkins, D. R., Jr.↗
Atmospheric effects and sidereal-diurnal variations in extended air showers
Observations are presented on the variations of extended air shower intensity with an average power of 1.4 x 10,000 and 1.4 x 100,000 particles at sea level. The effect of disintegrating particles and the essential role of cascades formed above the lower third of the atmosphere are examined. However, the authors failed to discover anisotropy of initial particles with an energy of 10 to the 14th power to 10 to the 15th power eV with an accuracy of up to 0.1%.
Efimov, N. N.↗
Theory of fluctuations of extended air showers
The Monte Carlo method was used to calculate the probability distribution functions of shower characteristics for primary protons at sea level. The calculation was based on the following model of the elementary event: the interaction paths are 90 g/sq cm for nucleons and 120 g/sq cm for pions. The nonelasticity coefficient for nucleons is uniformly distributed between 0.1 and 0.9, and for pions it is equal to 1. Isobaric pions are taken into account. The spectra of secondary particles were determined using Cocconi's approximation formula. The calculation for the nuclei was carried out on the assumption of a breakup of the nucleus into component nucleons. The mean number of particles and the variances of the distributions for electrons when the number of muons was fixed, and for muons when the number of electrons was fixed, were calculated.
Dedenko, L. G.↗
Comparative estimate of the effectiveness of different algorithms for the radar classification of thunderstorms and showers
Several schemes for discriminating severe weather phenomena with the aid of different algorithms are examined. The schemes were tested on the same sample. A comparative estimate of the effectiveness of the different algorithms for classifying thunderstorms and showers is carried out.
Linev, A. G.↗
Metal ions and isotopes in sporadic E-layers during the Perseid meteor shower
The electron density and positive-ion composition above Wallops Island were measured on August 12, 1976, about 12 hours after the maximum of the Perseid shower. At launch time, 4.5 MHz was recorded for fbEs, corresponding to an electron density of 2.4 x 10 to the 5th power per cu cm. Electron profile and ion composition measurements confirmed the presence of a sporadic E-layer with two maxima at 101.3 and 105.4 km. The electron density was measured with a pair of boom-mounted probes at fixed potential. The positive ion composition above 77 km was measured with a magnetic mass spectrometer employing a liquid He cryopump. Some of the salient results of the (still incomplete) analysis are discussed.
Herrmann, U.↗
The luminosity functions of the 1969 Perseid and Orionid meteor showers
Observations of the 1969 Perseid and Orionid meteor showers are presented and used to derive luminosity functions for the 288 Perseids and 56 Orionids detected. Visual counts were performed under very good to excellent seeing conditions at the times of peak activities, and the brightnesses of the meteors were estimated to the nearest magnitude by comparison with the magnitudes of known objects. Maximum likelihood estimates of the power law index of the luminosity function of 1.56 + or - 0.06 for the Perseids and of 1.85 + or - 0.1 for the Orionids are obtained which are lower than the values found by other investigators. Under the assumption that the luminosity of visual meteors is proportional to their mass, the luminosity function power law may also be used to characterize the mass function.
Krisciunas, K.↗