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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 181 records · Page 10

All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

NASA NTRS2022

Sharing Operational Intent with Containment Confidence Level for Negotiating Deconfliction in Upper Class E Airspace

Community-based Cooperative Separation Management (CSM) is expected to provide separation services in Upper Class E airspace (near and above FL600). Under CSM, operators are responsible for maintaining separation. The CSM concept is enabled by sharing Operational Intent (OI) among the operators to ensure common situation awareness. The OI is represented as four-dimensional (time and space) information that indicates where an aircraft would be contained within the space and time, with a known level of confidence. However, each vehicle’s ability to stay within its region of OI may differ based on each vehicle’s performance characteristics, resulting in varying OI sizes among the vehicles. Such varying OI size could adversely affect efficient and fair access to the airspace. In this paper, an OI-generation algorithm under varying OI size restriction with Containment Confidence Level (CCL) is presented. High-Altitude Long Endurance (HALE) balloon operations are used as an example application. A framework is presented by which CCL information is used in the deconfliction process. A fast-time simulation experiment is conducted to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed framework. The simulation results show a reduced number of unnecessary deconfliction actions.

Upper Class E Traffic Management↗

NASA NTRS2022

Sharing Operational Intent with Containment Confidence Level for Negotiating Deconfliction in Upper Class E Airspace

Upper Class E Traffic Management, ETM, Cooperative↗

NASA NTRS2004

What Information Theory Says About Best Response and About Binding Contracts

Product Distribution (PD) theory is the information-theoretic extension of conventional full- rationality game theory to bounded rational games. Here PD theory is used to investigate games in which the players use bounded rational best-response strategies. This investigation illuminates how to determine the optimal organization chart for a corporation, or more generally how to order the sequence of moves of the players / employees so as to optimize an overall objective function. It is then shown that in the continuum-time limit, bounded rational best response games result in a variant of the replicator dynamics of evolutionary game theory. This variant is then investigated for team games, in which the players share the same utility function, by showing that such continuum- limit bounded rational best response is identical to Newton-Raphson iterative optimization of the shared utility function. Next PD theory is used to investigate changing the coordinate system of the game, i.e., changing the mapping from the joint move of the players to the arguments in the utility functions. Such a change couples those arguments, essentially by making each players move be an offered binding contract.

Wolpert, David H.↗

DOE OSTI2024

Shared Use Travel Behavior for Improving Rural Mobility: Insights from Greene County, Pennsylvania

Rural communities are considered disadvantaged communities as they suffer from a lack of transport options. Thus, rural regionsprovide less accessibility for commuters to reach their destination as opposed to urban regions. However, the issues of transport disadvantageand shared use mobility in rural areas within the United States (US) have not been well investigated. Furthermore, transport disadvantagediffers between communities and regions across the globe; thus, there is a need to study the behavioral choices of rural commuters within theUS context. This study contributes by analyzing the behavioral choices of rural communities within the US through a case study site ofWaynesburg, Pennsylvania, for adopting a shared use shuttle service. K-means clusters showed that trips from the survey data were a goodrepresentation of real trips from Ecolane. Furthermore, random parameter-based binary logit models were calibrated using data collected fromstudents, faculty, and residents in Waynesburg, Greene County, to study the behavioral choices of commuters. The findings for the faculty andstudents group revealed that prior experience with shared services increases the likelihood of using a shared shuttle. An important personalcharacteristic of inconvenience showed a higher propensity toward using existing modes as opposed to a shared shuttle. Such commutersvalue personal vehicles as more convenient as they have childcare responsibilities and varying schedules for work that require them to moveback and forth across locations, thus making a shared shuttle less attractive for them. The socioeconomic factors of age and gender show ahigher propensity for using shared shuttles. Furthermore, the findings from this study could be helpful for agencies in improving rural mobility andconsidering such shared mobility services for rural communities

42 ENGINEERING↗

DOE OSTI2020

Evolution in novel environments: Do restored prairie populations experience strong selection?

Not provided.

Environmental Sciences & Ecology↗

DOE OSTI2020

3D micromechanical simulation of PBX composites

Previous research studied the constitutive response and interface strength of a bonded bicrystal system containing two HMX explosive grains bound with a HTPB polymer binder by performing FE simulations on real geometry imaged with micro Computed Tomography (µCT). The parameters generated from this past study were successfully applied to 2D mesoscale simulations of µCT imaged HMX-HTPB polycrystal samples. Presently, the mechanical response of PBXs containing a Nitro-Plasticized Estane (NPE) binder with similar microstructural geometry to the HMX-HTPB polycrystal samples were studied. Imaging of a HMX-NPE bicrystal sample allowed for simulation of the new material pairing. However, imaging using µCT techniques on the new polycrystal samples was difficult due to the decrease in contrast between the HMX grains and the NPE binder. Mesoscale polycrystal simulations utilizing a single µCT imaged microstructure were performed on a 3D representative volume element (RVE) comparing the delamination behavior and mechanical response of both HMX-HTPB and HMX-NPE PBXs. Furthermore, this technique shows the ability to virtually explore the mechanical response of a range of hypothetical materials that share common microstructural geometric characteristics in addition to studying numerically altered geometries.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2022

A Phenome-Wide Association Study of genes associated with COVID-19 severity reveals shared genetics with complex diseases in the Million Veteran Program

The study aims to determine the shared genetic architecture between COVID-19 severity with existing medical conditions using electronic health record (EHR) data. We conducted a Phenome-Wide Association Study (PheWAS) of genetic variants associated with critical illness (n = 35) or hospitalization (n = 42) due to severe COVID-19 using genome-wide association summary data from the Host Genetics Initiative. PheWAS analysis was performed using genotype-phenotype data from the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program (MVP). Phenotypes were defined by International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes mapped to clinically relevant groups using published PheWAS methods. Among 658,582 Veterans, variants associated with severe COVID-19 were tested for association across 1,559 phenotypes. Variants at the ABO locus (rs495828, rs505922) associated with the largest number of phenotypes (n rs495828 = 53 and n rs505922 = 59); strongest association with venous embolism, odds ratio (OR rs495828 1.33 (p = 1.32 x 10 –199 ), and thrombosis OR rs505922 1.33, p = 2.2 x10 -265 . Among 67 respiratory conditions tested, 11 had significant associations including MUC5B locus (rs35705950) with increased risk of idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis OR 2.83, p = 4.12 × 10 –191 ; CRHR1 (rs61667602) associated with reduced risk of pulmonary fibrosis, OR 0.84, p = 2.26× 10 –12 . The TYK2 locus (rs11085727) associated with reduced risk for autoimmune conditions, e.g., psoriasis OR 0.88, p = 6.48 x10 -23 , lupus OR 0.84, p = 3.97 x 10 –06 . PheWAS stratified by ancestry demonstrated differences in genotype-phenotype associations. LMNA (rs581342) associated with neutropenia OR 1.29 p = 4.1 x 10 –13 among Veterans of African and Hispanic ancestry but not European. Overall, we observed a shared genetic architecture between COVID-19 severity and conditions related to underlying risk factors for severe and poor COVID-19 outcomes. Differing associations between genotype-phenotype across ancestries may inform heterogenous outcomes observed with COVID-19. Divergent associations between risk for severe COVID-19 with autoimmune inflammatory conditions both respiratory and non-respiratory highlights the shared pathways and fine balance of immune host response and autoimmunity and caution required when considering treatment targets.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2022

PARETO 0.5.0 Release

PARETO 0.5.0 Release. Highlights: Treatment Center Modeling - New case study with desalination, clean brine, and evaporation treatment technologies - New option to reduce disposal capacity due to Seismic Response Areas (SRA) - New option to consider water sharing outside of system General Updates - New features for Sankey Diagram visualization (multiple regions, filtered time periods) - Introduce badges to README.md - Convert documentation to ASCII LaTeX - Code cleaning and maintenance - Correct strategic model documentation typo - Update and format treatment demo input spreadsheet Bug Fixes - Fix water quality operational model results printing bug - Piping and trucking variables are now built only over defined arcs instead of all possible connections - Revise pipeline expansion cost constraints, ensure that all pipelines built incur cost

PARETO,PARETO-UI,PSE,Process Systems Engineering,P↗

NASA NTRS1993

UVSTAR: An imaging spectrograph with telescope for the Shuttle Hitchhiker-M platform

UVSTAR is an EUV spectral imager intended as a facility instrument devoted to solar system and astronomy studies. It covers the wavelength range of 500 to 1250 A, with sufficient spectral resolution to separate emission lines and to form spectrally resolved images of extended plasma sources. Targets include the Io plasma torus at Jupiter, hot stars, planetary nebulae and bright galaxies. UVSTAR consists of a pair of telescopes and concave grating spectrographs that cover the overlapping spectral ranges of 500-900 and 850-1250 A. The telescopes use two 30 cm diameter off-axis paraboloids having focal length of 1.5 m. An image of the target is formed at the entrance slits of the two concave grating spectrographs. The gratings provide dispersion and re-image the slits at the detectors, intensified CCD's. The readout format of the detectors can be chosen by computer, and three slit widths are selectable to adapt the instrument to specific tasks. UVSTAR has internal gimbals which allow rotation of plus or minus 3 deg about each of two axes. Dedicated finding and tracking telescopes will acquire and track the target after rough pointing is achieved by orienting the Orbiter. Responsibilities for implementation and utilization of UVSTAR are shared by groups in Italy and the U.S. UVSTAR is scheduled for flight in early 1995, timed for an opportunity to observe the Jovian system.

Stalio, Roberto↗

NASA NTRS1994

NASA Lewis advanced subsonic transport program overview

An Advanced Subsonic Transport (AST) research program has been initiated by NASA to develop a new generation of superior U.S. aircraft and engines, and to help U.S. aeronautics industry increase their market share and competitiveness. NASA Lewis has the lead responsibility for the AST propulsion element. The top priority is to achieve a 70% reduction of NOx at all operating conditions including subsonic cruise. Since the technology for the NOx reductions does not exist, an aggressive research program has been established for its evolution. To date the program has been initiated with study contracts with industry as well as the initiation of analytical and experimental research. To conduct the high pressure tests, a new national facility with a high temperature capability for continuous operation at 60:1 pressure ratios is being constructed at Lewis and will be operational in 1996. The general flow of the program is to first conduct fundamental experiments and analytical studies to define combustor concepts, demonstrate the 70% NOx reduction in combustors in 1999, conduct a test-bed core engine demonstration in 2001, and demonstrate in 2002 the required operability and altitude relight for an Entry Into Service of the technology by industry in 2005.

Lee, Chi-Ming↗

NASA NTRS1997

Ring Buffered Network Bus

This report describes the research effort to demonstrate the integration of a data sharing technology, Ring Buffered Network Bus, in development by Dryden Flight Research Center, with an engine simulation application, the Java Gas Turbine Simulator, in development at the University of Toledo under a grant from the Glenn Research Center. The objective of this task was to examine the application of the RBNB technologies as a key component in the data sharing, health monitoring and system wide modeling elements of the NASA Aviation Safety Program (AVSP) [Golding, 1997]. System-wide monitoring and modeling of aircraft and air safety systems will require access to all data sources which are relative factors when monitoring or modeling the national airspace such as radar, weather, aircraft performance, engine performance, schedule and planning, airport configuration, flight operations, etc. The data sharing portion of the overall AVSP program is responsible for providing the hardware and software architecture to access and distribute data, including real-time flight operations data, among all of the AVSP elements. The integration of an engine code capable of numerically "flying" through recorded flight paths and weather data using a software tool that allows for distributed access of data to this engine code demonstrates initial steps toward building a system capable of monitoring and modeling the National Airspace.

Source record↗

NASA NTRS1997

Monolithically Integrated SiGe/Si PIN-HBT Front-End Transimpedance Photoreceivers

The demand for monolithically integrated photoreceivers based on Si-based technology keeps increasing as low cost and high reliability products are required for the expanding commercial market. Higher speed and wider operating frequency range are expected when SiGe/Si heterojunction is introduced to the circuit design. In this paper, a monolithic SiGe/Si PIN-HBT front-end transimpedance photoreceiver is demonstrated for the first time. For this purpose, mesa-type SiGe/Si PIN-HBT technology was developed. Fabricated HBTs exhibit f(sub max) of 34 GHz with DC gain of 25. SiGe/Si PIN photodiodes, which share base and collector layers of HBTs, demonstrate responsivity of 0.3 A/W at lambda=850 nm and bandwidth of 450 MHz. Based on these devices, single- and dual-feedback transimpedance amplifiers were fabricated and they exhibited the bandwidth of 3.2 GHz and 3.3 GHz with the transimpedance gain of 45.2 dB(Omega) and 47.4 dB(Omega) respectively. Monolithically integrated single-feedback PIN-HBT photoreceivers were implemented and the bandwidth was measured to be approx. 0.5 GHz, which is limited by the bandwidth of PIN photodiodes.

Rieh, J.-S.↗

NASA NTRS2020

BioSentinel ISS Control Experiment Investigation Summary Form

The main science objective of BioSentinel is to develop biosensors to study the effects of the space radiation environment on biological organisms. Given its similarities to human cells, we decided to use the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast cells share homology to human cells, particularly in the response to DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation. Most importantly, yeast cells can be desiccated and survive in that form for long periods of time. Thus, budding yeast is the ideal model organism for long-term experiments in preparation for future manned missions to deep space. In addition to the ISS mission, our biosensors will fly in a nanosatellite designed for deep space, which is manifested to fly as a secondary payload onboard NASA’s Artemis-1 rocket.

BioSentinel↗

DOE OSTI2024

Empowering Scientific Innovation Through An Integrated Research Infrastructure: The Role of the Advanced Computing Ecosystem

As the landscape of computational science evolves, the Department of Energy (DOE) is reimagining the roles of its large-scale computing facilities to meet emerging research challenges. The Integrated Research Infrastructure (IRI) program aims to transform how experiments are designed, conducted, and shared, with significant impacts on all stakeholders. In response, the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF) has established the Advanced Computing Ecosystem (ACE), a strategic framework to prepare its hardware, software, and experimental capabilities for the IRI era. ACE focuses on integrating novel compute environments, orchestrating advanced workflows, and developing foundational technologies, ensuring a seamless transition to IRI while accelerating scientific discovery. This paper outlines ACE's role in advancing OLCF's mission and its impact on the future of computational science.

Widener, Patrick↗

NASA NTRS2018

UTM and D-NET: NASA and JAXA's Collaborative Research on Integrating Small UAS with Disaster Response Efforts

Natural disasters, such as flooding, wildfire, hurricane, tornadoes, earthquakes and tsunamis, pose challenges in preserving human life and minimizing the damages to a region. During catastrophic events, timely response of disaster relief personnel, an efficient deployment of resources in the recovery effort, and coordinated information sharing amongst different relief agencies can make a substantial difference in responding to those impacted by the disaster. Many relief activities currently utilize both ground personnel and manned airborne assets during different phases of the disaster response. Typically, multiple organizations support relief activities and this often creates logistics coordination challenges between agencies which can result in wasted time or resources. The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) has been developing an "Integrated aircraft operation system for disaster relief (D-NET)", which assists collection and sharing of disaster information through the integrated operation of aircraft such as helicopters, aircraft, and satellites, for efficient and safe rescue operations by disaster relief aircraft. Due to the advancement in unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) technologies, public safety organizations have started incorporating small UAS (sUAS) as an asset in their disasters response activities. To address the airspace integration challenges of the influx of sUAS in the United States the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), under the UAS Traffic Management (UTM) project, has been engaged in research to enable large-scale commercial applications of sUAS operating in low altitude airspace. This paper presents the integration of D-NET, which incorporate sUAS in the planning, information sharing, and operation support of disasters response activities, and UTM, which provides airspace management to enable large scale high density operations. The integration of the DNET and UTM systems enables coordination, data sharing, and airspace management to improve the timeliness of the disaster response, enable relief organization to reduce cost and overhead by using UAS assets and still maintain airspace safety during the relief activities.

UTM↗

DOE OSTI2020

Understanding the Charging Flexibility of Shared Automated Electric Vehicle Fleets

The combined anticipated trends of vehicle sharing (ride-hailing), automated control, and powertrain electrification are poised to disrupt the current paradigm of predominately owner-driven gasoline vehicles with low levels of utilization. Shared, automated, electric vehicle (SAEV) fleets offer the potential for lower cost and emissions and have garnered significant interest among the research community. While promising, unmanaged operation of these fleets may lead to unintended negative consequences. One potentially unintended consequence is a high quantity of SAEVs charging during peak demand hours on the electric grid, potentially increasing the required generation capacity. This research explores the flexibility associated with charging loads demanded by SAEV fleets in response to servicing personal mobility travel demands. Travel demand is synthesized in four major United States metropolitan areas: Detroit, MI; Austin, TX; Washington, DC; and Miami, FL. In each of these four cities, SAEV simulations are performed using local projected electricity prices from the Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) for a handful of supply side scenarios. A coordinated charging model is introduced that seeks to reduce fleet charging costs in response to time-varying electricity prices and increasing shares of personal trip demand served (between 1% and 25% of all metro trips served by the SAEV fleet). Simulation results are presented across various scenarios assuming fleetwide coordination to minimize charging energy costs while constrained by offering adequate mobility service to fleet customers. The results indicate that the SAEV charging load is highly flexible; energy costs were shown to reduce between 13% and 46% across a wide range of simulated scenarios. In addition, these savings were realized without detrimentally impacting the fleet’s ability to service trips.

autonomous vehicle↗

NASA NTRS1987

International cooperation in the Space Station

The principles and policies governing participation in the International Space Station are examined from a NASA perspective. The history of the program is reviewed; the most important aspects of the partnership concept (functional allocation, shared access, and interface commonality) are considered in detail; and the ongoing outfitting studies are briefly characterized. Major issues remaining to be negotiated include (1) the overall management structure; (2) the division of responsibilities for system design, integration, operation, and utilization; and (3) the sharing of operating costs.

Raney, William P.↗

DOE OSTI2025

Double-null power-sharing dynamics in MAST-U

Maintaining an effective double-null (DN) configuration is expected to be challenging in reactor-scale tokamak devices. As divertor power-sharing is closely linked to the magnetic topology, even minor variations can lead to fast power-sharing fluctuations which exacerbate the already daunting exhaust challenge. While the static aspects of DN power-sharing have been extensively studied across various devices, this paper presents the first detailed investigation of its dynamic behaviour. We employ dedicated H-mode experiments in MAST-U, in Super-X divertor configuration, featuring perturbation frequencies up to 200 Hz. Our results clearly show no significant dynamic damping of the power-sharing within this frequency range: the divertor responds equally to both fast and slow perturbations. Moreover, the dynamic response also aligns with quasi-static results from slow ramps, implying that static power-sharing models remain valid even for fast fluctuations. Occasionally, some deviations from the otherwise mainly linear behaviour are observed, alongside notable scatter and asymmetries between upwards and downwards trajectories. These observations are likely linked to changes in core conditions, though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear and require further study.

divertor↗