Laboratory results and mathematical modeling of spore surface interactions in stormwater runoff
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Previously, the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory was limited by a 3-order of magnitude gap in resolution for direct 2-D and 3-D imaging of chemical, biological, energy and materials science systems. Our imaging instrumentation could directly visualize 3-D ultrastructure without labeling at resolutions less than 10-nanometers or greater than 10-micrometers. To address this gap, we procured and commissioned a Sigray NanoFast Bio-Lambda laboratory-based x-ray nanotomography system. This equipment provides the capability to image through tens of micrometers of organic materials at down to 35-nanometer resolution to bridge the nanoscale to the mesoscale for biological systems, organic polymers, environmental and particulate samples.
Gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric analysis of chlamydospores of Ustilago maydis, U. nuda and Sphacelotheca reiliana for hydrocarbon content
Empirically based kinetic model describing synergistic inactivation of dry Bacillus subtilis by combined heat and gamma radiation environment
Two strains of Bacillus subtilis were exposed to components of the ultraviolet spectrum in space. Both strains possess multiple genetic markers, and one of the strains is defective in the ability to repair ultraviolet damage. The T-7 bacteriophage of Escherichia coli was also exposed to selected wavelengths and energy levels of ultraviolet light in space. Preliminary findings do not reveal anomalies in survival rates. Data are not yet available on detailed genetic analyses.
In an earlier report thermal stresses, simulating those expected on a Mars Lander, dislodged approximately 0.01% of an aerosol deposited surface burden, as did a landing shock of 8-10 G deceleration. This work confirms earlier results and demonstrates that release rate is not dependent on surface burden.
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