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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 181 records · Page 10
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2010

Casimir-Polder potential and transition rate in resonating cylindrical cavities

We consider the Casimir-Polder potential of particles placed inside a metallic cylindrical cavity at finite temperatures, taking account of thermal nonequilibrium effects. In particular, we study how the resonant (thermal nonequilibrium) potential and transition rates can be enhanced by fine tuning the radius of the cavity to match the transition wavelength of the dominant transitions of the particle. Numerical calculations show that the cavity-induced energy-level shift of atoms prepared in low-lying Rydberg states can be enhanced beyond 30 kHz, which is within the range of observability of modern experiments. Because the magnitude of the resonance peaks depends sensitively on the low-frequency dissipation of the cavity metal, experiments in this setup could be a critical test of the disputed thermal correction to the Casimir force between metal plates.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2021

Fast Preparation and Detection of a Rydberg Qubit Using Atomic Ensembles

Here, we demonstrate a new approach for fast preparation, manipulation, and collective readout of an atomic Rydberg-state qubit. By making use of Rydberg blockade inside a small atomic ensemble, we prepare a single qubit within 3 μs with a success probability of $F_p$ = 0.93 ± 0.02, rotate it, and read out its state in 6 μs with a single-shot fidelity of $F_d$ = 0.92 ± 0.04. The ensemble-assisted detection is 10 3 times faster than imaging of a single atom with the same optical resolution, and enables fast repeated nondestructive measurement. We observe qubit coherence times of 15 μs, much longer than the π rotation time of 90 ns. Potential applications ranging from faster quantum information processing in atom arrays to efficient implementation of quantum error correction are discussed.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Experimental isotope shifts of the 5 {sup 2} S{sub 1/2} state and low-lying excited states of Rb

By combining a recent precise measurement of the ionization energy of {sup 87}Rb with previous measurements of the ground-state hyperfine structure and ionization energy of {sup 85}Rb, an accurate value for the {sup 85}Rb-{sup 87}Rb isotope shift of the 5 {sup 2} S{sub 1/2} ground state can be determined. In turn, comparison with additional spectroscopic data makes it possible to evaluate isotope shifts for the low-lying excited states, which are accurate in most cases to about 1 MHz. For the 5 {sup 2} S{sub 1/2} and 5 {sup 2} P{sub 3/2} states, the specific mass-shift contribution can be determined in addition to the total shift. This information is particularly useful for spectroscopic analysis of transitions to Rydberg states and for tests of atomic theory.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Amplifying single impurities immersed in a gas of ultracold atoms

We present a method for amplifying a single or scattered impurities immersed in a background gas of ultracold atoms so that they can be optically imaged and spatially resolved. Our approach relies on a Raman transfer between two stable atomic hyperfine states that is conditioned on the presence of an impurity atom. The amplification is based on the strong interaction among atoms excited to Rydberg states. We perform a detailed analytical study of the performance of the proposed scheme with particular emphasis on the influence of inevitable many-body effects.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Momentum vector correlations in three-particle fragmentation of triatomic hydrogen

The correlation pattern in the center of mass motion of the three fragments from dissociation of well-defined Rydberg states of H{sub 3} and D{sub 3} is studied. Dissociation of the molecules is induced by an external electric field. Through a comparison with results obtained in radiative cascading we can show that the correlation pattern is that of the short-lived 2s {sup 2}A{sub 1}{sup '} electronic state, of which a tiny amplitude is admixed by the external electric field. A comparison of our results with the predictions by M. Lehner and M. Jungen [J. Phys. B 42, 065101 (2009)] and U. Galster [Phys. Rev. A 81, 032517 (2010)] for predissociation of the 2s {sup 2}A{sub 1}{sup '} state is made. We show that the experimental vector correlation maps are direct images of the spatial symmetry of the product of the vibrational wave function and spatial dependence of the nonadiabatic coupling operator.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

A master equation approach to the dynamics of zero electron kinetic energy (ZEKE) states and ZEKE spectroscopy

We have theoretically studied important dynamic processes involved in zero electron kinetic energy (ZEKE) spectroscopy using the density matrix method with the inverse Born-Oppenheimer approximation basis sets. In ZEKE spectroscopy, the ZEKE Rydberg states are populated by laser excitation (either a one- or two-photon process), which is followed by autoionizations and l-mixing due to a stray field. The discrimination field is then applied to ionize loosely bound electrons in the ZEKE states. This is followed by using the extraction field to extract electrons from the ZEKE levels which have a strength comparable to that of the extraction field. These extracted electrons are measured for the relative intensities of the ion states under investigation. The spectral positions are determined by the applied laser wavelength and modified by the extraction electric field. In this paper, all of these processes are conducted within the context of the density matrix method. The density matrix method can provide not only the dynamics of system's population and coherence (or phase) but also the rate constants of the processes involved in the ZEKE spectroscopy. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the theoretical treatments.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2026

Hybridization of Excited Interlayer Excitons with Intralayer Excitons in Transition-Metal Dichalcogenide Heterostructures: Interplay of Orbital and Structural Symmetry

Hybridization between interlayer exciton (ILX) and intralayer excitons offers a powerful route to engineer light–matter interactions in transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) heterostructures, yet the underlying mechanism and selection rules remain elusive. Here we probe exciton hybridization in MoTe2/MoSe2 heterobilayers under a tunable out-of-plane electric field and observe distinct avoided crossings in the electric-field dependent reflection spectra. We associate them with coupling between excited ILX states, including the 2p and 2s Rydberg states, and MoTe2 intralayer exciton. Supported by ab initio GW plus Bethe-Salpeter equation (GW-BSE) calculations, we identify the hybridizing states and establish optical selection rules based on the effective angular momentum of the exciton states. These findings highlight the role of excitonic binding in the observed hybridization, rather than that of simple band-mixing models, and provide a new pathway for brightening high-energy dark states.

Yao, Helen [Department of Materials Science and En↗
DOE OSTI2011

Strongly interacting photons in hollow-core waveguides

Hollow-core photonic-crystal waveguides filled with cold atoms can support giant optical nonlinearities through nondispersive propagation of light tightly confined in the transverse direction. Here we explore electromagnetically induced transparency is such structures, considering a pair of counterpropagating weak quantum fields in the medium of coherently driven atoms in the ladder configuration. Strong dipole-dipole interactions between optically excited, polarized Rydberg states of the atoms translate into a large dispersive interaction between the two fields. This can be used to attain a spatially homogeneous conditional phase shift of {pi} for two single-photon pulses, realizing a deterministic photonic phase gate, or to implement a quantum nondemolition measurement of the photon number in the signal pulse by a coherent probe, thereby achieving a heralded source of single- or few-photon pulses.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
NASA NTRS1991

Theoretical characterization of the potential energy surface for H + N2 yields HN2. III - Calculations for the excited state surfaces

Additional calculations which characterize potential energy sources (PESs) for the excited 3A-double-prime state, for a bound 2(2A-prime) state, for HN2(+), and for the Rydberg states associated with HN2(+). It is anticipated that these excited state PESs will be important in interpreting and designing experiments to characterize the ground state HN2 species via neutralized ion beam techniques.

Walch, Stephen P.↗
DOE OSTI2010

Dissociation dynamics of ion-pair states of Cl{sub 2} at principal quantum numbers beyond 1500

Long-lived ion-pair states of Cl{sub 2} have been observed by delayed pulsed-field ionization in the vicinity of the Cl{sup -}({sup 1}S{sub 0})+Cl{sup +}({sup 3}P{sub 2}) dissociation threshold following single-photon excitation from the X {sup 1}{Sigma}{sub g}{sup +}(v=0) ground state with a tunable vacuum-ultraviolet laser. The field-ionization spectra reveal a series of resonances corresponding to ion-pair states with effective principal quantum number n* between 1858 and 1876 belonging to a series converging to the Cl{sup -}({sup 1}S{sub 0})+Cl{sup +}({sup 3}P{sub 0}) dissociation threshold. These states are observed by forced predissociation into the Cl{sup -}({sup 1}S{sub 0})+Cl{sup +}({sup 3}P{sub 2}) ion-pair channel. This process is the ion-pair analog of the process of forced autoionization observed in Rydberg states. The analysis of the spectra and of the field-ionization behavior provides information on the couplings between the relevant ionization and dissociation channels and has enabled the determination of the ion-pair dissociation threshold [E{sub IPD}(Cl{sup -}({sup 1}S{sub 0})+Cl{sup +}({sup 3}P{sub 2}))=95 449.8{+-}1.0 cm{sup -1}] and of the dissociation energies of Cl{sub 2} [D{sub 0}(X {sup 1}{Sigma}{sub g}{sup +})=19 998.4{+-}1.1 cm{sup -1}] and Cl{sub 2}{sup +} [D{sub 0}(X{sup +} {sup 2}{Pi}{sub u})=31 942.1{+-}1.5 cm{sup -1}].

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Conical Intersections in an Ultracold Gas

We find that energy surfaces of more than two atoms or molecules interacting via transition dipole-dipole potentials generically possess conical intersections (CIs). Typically only few atoms participate strongly in such an intersection. For the fundamental case, a circular trimer, we show how the CI affects adiabatic excitation transport via electronic decoherence or geometric phase interference. These phenomena may be experimentally accessible if the trimer is realized by light alkali atoms in a ring trap, whose interactions are induced by off-resonant dressing with Rydberg states. Such a setup promises a direct probe of the full many-body density dynamics near a CI.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Electronic State Interferences in Resonant X-Ray Emission after K-Shell Excitation in HCl

We have measured a series of high-resolution x-ray spectra emitted upon resonant photoexcitation of HCl. The photon energy was tuned across the dissociative 1s{yields}6{sigma}* resonance and the Rydberg states converging to the Cl 1s{sup -1} threshold, and inelastic photon scattering was observed in the region of KL emission lines. Excellent agreement is found between fully ab initio calculated and measured spectra if interferences between different excitation-emission paths are taken into account. The effect of electronic state interferences is enhanced due to dynamical broadening of the 6{sigma}* resonance in HCl.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Population transfer by multiphoton adiabatic rapid passage

The population of atoms in Rydberg states is efficiently transferred with a change in principal quantum number n of up to ten via multiphoton adiabatic rapid passage through a single multiphoton resonance using a frequency-chirped microwave pulse. A quantum-mechanical picture of multiphoton adiabatic rapid passage in a one-dimensional atom using a Floquet approach provides a good description of most, but not all, of the observed phenomena.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Two-photon above-threshold ionization of helium

Multiphoton ionization provides a clear window into the nature of electron correlations in the helium atom. In the present study, the final-state energy range extends up to the region near the N = 2 and N = 3 ionization thresholds, where two-photon ionization proceeds via continuum intermediate states above the lowest threshold. Our calculations are performed using multichannel quantum defect theory (MQDT) and the streamlined R-matrix method. The sum and integration over all intermediate states in the two-photon ionization amplitude is evaluated using the inhomogeneous R-matrix method developed by Robicheaux and Gao. The seamless connection of that method with MQDT allows us to present high-resolution spectra of the final-state Rydberg resonances. Our analysis classifies the resonances above the N = 2 threshold in terms of their group theory quantum numbers. Furthermore, their dominant decay channels are found to obey the previously conjectured propensity rule far more weakly for these even-parity states than was observed for the odd-parity states relevant to single-photon ionization.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Momentum vector correlation maps for three-particle fragmentation of neutral triatomic hydrogen near its ionization threshold

Three-particle dissociation of high-lying Rydberg states of H{sub 3}, in the immediate vicinity of the ionization threshold, is induced by an external electric field. We observe that the momentum vector correlation map of the center-of-mass motion of the fragments changes rapidly with electronic energy. Near- and above-threshold substantial contributions of fragment orientations which are characteristic of near-linear geometry appear, i.e., two atoms with opposing momenta, the third atom being nearly at rest. This finding is similar to observations by Strasser et al. [Phys. Rev. A 66, 032719 (2002)], who studied dissociative recombination of cold H{sub 3}{sup +} ions with slow electrons. We discuss the likely dissociation paths responsible for the observed correlation.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Photoelectron angular distributions from polarized Ne{sup *} atoms near threshold

Photoelectron distributions of the polarized 2p{sup 5}3d Rydberg states of neon have been studied with a newly built velocity map imaging analyzer. The atoms were polarized by absorption of synchrotron radiation and ionized by an infrared laser. The asymmetry parameters {beta}{sub 2} and {beta}{sub 4} characterizing two-photon resonant ionization have been extracted from the measured images and compared with the results of a quantum defect treatment. To achieve a good theoretical description of the data, it is necessary to take into account the dependence of the dipole transition matrix elements and phases of the partial waves on the angular momentum quantum numbers pertaining to various continuum channels.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2011

Enhanced Nonlinear Double Excitation of He in Intense Extreme Ultraviolet Laser Fields

Nonlinear, three-photon double excitation of He in intense extreme ultraviolet free-electron laser fields ({approx}24.1 eV, {approx}5 TW/cm{sup 2}) is presented. Resonances to the doubly excited states converging to the He{sup +} N=3 level are revealed by the shot-by-shot photoelectron spectroscopy and identified by theoretical calculations based on the time-dependent Schroedinger equation for the two-electron atom under a laser field. It is shown that the three-photon double excitation is enhanced by intermediate Rydberg states below the first ionization threshold, giving a greater contribution to the photoionization yields than the two-photon process by more than 1 order of magnitude.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗