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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 181 records · Page 10
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2011

Double Beta Decay Experiments

At present, neutrinoless double beta decay is perhaps the only experiment that can tell us whether the neutrino is a Dirac or a Majorana particle. Given the significance of the 0{nu}{beta}{beta}, there is a widespread interest for these rare event studies employing a variety of novel techniques. This paper describes the current status of DBD experiments. The Indian effort for an underground NDBD experiment at the upcoming INO laboratory is also presented.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Neutrino mixings and grand unification: SU(5) GUT with anomaly free U(1){sub F}

The model of supersymmetric SU(5) GUT augmented with anomaly free U(1){sub F} flavor symmetry is presented. The field content and the U(1){sub F} charge assignment is obtained by specific embedding of SU(5) Multiplication-Sign U(1){sub F} in larger non-Abelian group. We focus on a particular case which gives very economical field content with the U(1){sub F} charges fixed in such a way that for quarks and leptons appealing texture zero Yukawa couplings are generated. The model gives realistic fermion masses and mixings and predict inverted hierarchical neutrino mass scenario with interesting implications.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Neutrino mass hierarchy: Theory and phenomenology

I discuss the motivation for the neutrino mass hierarchy determination, the methods to access the mass hierarchy, and technological approaches using these methods.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Mass Detection of Single Viruses Based on Whispering Gallery Modes of Optomechanical Systems via Optical Pump–Probe Technique

Whispering gallery modes (WGMs), due to their high quality factors, small mode volumes and simple fabrications, have potential applications especially in sensing. In this work, we theoretically propose a mass sensor based on a realistic cavity optomechanical system (such as in Weis et al., Science 330, 1520 [2010]) in the presence of a strong pump laser and a weak probe laser. The mass of external bioparticles (such as smallpox virus and influenza virus) landing onto WGM cavity can be detected accurately via the probe transmission spectrum. Furthermore, based on this scheme one can even determine a single virus mass via monitoring the half-linewidth of the probe transmission spectrum. Through detecting the virus mass, one may identify the kinds of different viruses.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Texture zeros in neutrino mass matrix

The Standard Model does not explain the hierarchy problem. Before the discovery of nonzero lepton mixing angle θ{sub 13} high hopes in explanation of the shape of the lepton mixing matrix were combined with non-Abelian symmetries. Nowadays, assuming one Higgs doublet, it is unlikely that this is still valid. Texture zeroes, that are combined with abelian symmetries, are intensively studied. The neutrino mass matrix is a natural way to study such symmetries.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Testing sterile neutrinos with new fixed target experiment at CERN SPS

We discuss the recently proposed new fixed target experiment at CERN with SPS beam of 400 GeV protons aimed at searches for sterile neutrinos produced in charmed hadron decays. The three sterile neutrino introduced to the Standard Model can explain the active neutrino masses and mixings by means of seesaw type I mechanism, baryon asymmetry of the Universe by making use of leptogenesis via sterile-active neutrino oscillations in the primordial plasma, and dark matter phenomenon due to a relic component of the lightest sterile neutrino. The new beam-dump with detector placed as close to the target as possible will allow to test many other extensions of the Standard Model with new unstable yet long-lived particles at GeV mass scale.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2013

The decay constant and mass of the {rho} meson in self-consistent QCD sum rules

In this paper we obtain the mass and decay constant of the {rho} meson in QCD sum rules with a self-consistent equation, in which the continuum threshold s{sub 0} is replaced by continuum gap, {Delta}, that is a common parameter to a great number of the hadrons. We choose {Delta}= 0.5 GeV and we observe the convergence of the self-consistent equation for 100 loops and we get a good agreement with the experimental values for the decay constant and {rho} mass.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2013

On baryogenesis from dark matter annihilation

We study in detail the conditions to generate the baryon asymmetry of the universe from the annihilation of dark matter. This scenario requires a low energy mechanism for thermal baryogenesis, hence we first discuss some of these mechanisms together with the specific constraints due to the connection with the dark matter sector. Then we show that, contrary to what stated in previous studies, it is possible to generate the cosmological asymmetry without adding a light sterile dark sector, both in models with violation and with conservation of B−L. In addition, one of the models we propose yields some connection to neutrino masses.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Ab initio nuclear structure from lattice effective field theory

This proceedings article reviews recent results by the Nuclear Lattice EFT Collaboration on an excited state of the {sup 12}C nucleus known as the Hoyle state. The Hoyle state plays a key role in the production of carbon via the triple-alpha reaction in red giant stars. We discuss the structure of low-lying states of {sup 12}C as well as the dependence of the triple-alpha reaction on the masses of the light quarks.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Competition of Short-Range and Long-Range Mechanisms of Spectral Line Broadening in Emission of Atomic and Molecular Gases

An analogy is shown for broadening the spectral line of atoms in the case of competition between the short-range Doppler broadening mechanism and the long-range impact mechanism in atomic gases, as well as for the absorption band of a molecular gas in the infrared (IR) region of the spectrum, where the longrange part of the spectrum is also determined by the impact mechanism of the broadening. The long-range part in the pedestal region of the absorption band is associated with the distribution of molecules over the rotational states, and, in the range of wings of the absorption band, it is due to a finite time of collisions between emitting and perturbed molecules. The flux of resonant radiation produced by an excited atomic gas is estimated using the concepts of the spectral absorption band and a large optical thickness of the gas. These concepts are used for a molecular gas where, in the framework of the regular model (the Elsasser model), expressions are given for the absorption coefficient related to a specific spectral absorption band, separately in the pedestal region and for wings of the absorption band. As a demonstration of the possibilities of these concepts, the IR flux is calculated on the surface of Venus from its atmosphere, which includes seven vibrational transitions of the carbon dioxide molecule and amounts to 26% of the total flux of IR radiation emitted by the Venus surface. An analysis of the Venus energy balance leads to the conclusion that the main part of IR radiation of the Venus atmosphere falling on its surface is formed by a microscopic dust in the Venus atmosphere. This channel of the Venus energy balance is realized if the mass of a microscopic dust in the Venus atmosphere is seven orders of magnitude less than the mass of atmospheric carbon dioxide.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2011

eA Pion Production at CLAS Aimed at Neutrinos

Preliminary results on semi-inclusive charged pion production in eA collisions at E{sub beam} = 5 GeV/c{sup 2} are presented. The data were collected using the CLAS detector, which is a multipurpose, large acceptance, magnetic spectrometer located in Hall B at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. Distributions in W, Q{sup 2}, p{sub {pi}}, and {theta}{sub {pi}} are shown for data produced using deuterium and carbon targets. Preliminary comparisons with data simulated using the GENIE generator are made. The motivation for this work is to provide distributions useful for tuning the hadronic production models used in extracting results from current and next-generation neutrino oscillation experiments.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Upper bounds on asymmetric dark matter self annihilation cross sections

Most models for asymmetric dark matter allow for dark matter self annihilation processes, which can wash out the asymmetry at temperatures near and below the dark matter mass. We study the coupled set of Boltzmann equations for the symmetric and antisymmetric dark matter number densities, and derive conditions applicable to a large class of models for the absence of a significant wash-out of an asymmetry. These constraints are applied to various existing scenarios. In the case of left- or right-handed sneutrinos, very large electroweak gaugino masses, or very small mixing angles are required.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Quark matter and meson properties in a Nonlocal SU(3) chiral quark model at finite temperature

We study the finite temperature behavior of light scalar and pseudoscalar meson properties in the context of a three-flavor nonlocal chiral quark model. The model includes mixing with active strangeness degrees of freedom, and takes care of the effect of gauge interactions by coupling the quarks with a background color field. We analyze the chiral restoration and deconfinement transitions, as well as the temperature dependence of meson masses, mixing angles, and decay constants.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2017

New LHC resonance with mass 750 GeV and the vacuum stability in the Standard Model

In the present talk we show that the correction to the Higgs mass coming from the bound state S of 6 t + 6 t̅ quarks, predicted early by C.D. Froggatt and ourselves, leads to the just borderline of the Standard Model vacuum stability thereby confirming the accuracy of the multiple point principle (principle of degenerate vacua), if a mass of the bound state S coincides with the mass 750 GeV of the new diphoton state recently observed by LHC.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2016

The weak bound state with the non-zero charge density as the LHC 126.5 GeV state

The self-consistent model of classical field interactions formulated as the counterpart of the quantum electroweak model leads to homogeneous boson ground state solutions in presence of non-zero extended fermionic charge density fluctuations. Two different types of electroweak configurations of fields are analyzed. The first one has non-zero electric and weak charge fluctuations. The second one is electrically uncharged but weakly charged. Both types of configurations have two physically interesting solutions which possess masses equal to 126.67 GeV at the value of the scalar fluctuation potential parameter λ equal to ~0.0652. The spin zero electrically uncharged droplet formed as a result of the decay of the charged one is interpreted as the ~126.5 GeV state found in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiment. (The other two configurations correspond to solutions with masses equal to 123.7 GeV and λ equal to ~0.0498 and thus the algebraic mean of the masses of two central solutions, i.e., 126.67 GeV and 123.7 GeV, is equal to 125.185 GeV.) The problem of a mass of this kind of droplets will be considered on the basis of the phenomenon of the screening of the fluctuation of charges. Their masses are found in the thin wall approximation.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Limits of Majorana neutrino mass from combined analysis of data from {sup 76}Ge and {sup 136}Xe neutrinoless double beta decay experiments

We present effective Majorana neutrino mass limits obtained from the joint analysis of the recently published results of {sup 76}Ge and {sup 136}Xe neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ) experiments, which was carried out by using the Bayesian calculations. Nuclear matrix elements (NMEs) used for the analysis are taken from the works, in which NMEs of {sup 76}Ge and {sup 136}Xe were simultaneously calculated. This reduced systematic errors connected with NME calculation techniques. The new effective Majorana neutrino mass limits less than [85.4–197.0] meV are much closer to the inverse neutrino mass hierarchy region.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Constraints on neutrino masses from future cosmological observations

Constraints on neutrino masses are estimated based on future observations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) including the B-mode polarization produced by CMB lensing using the Planck satellite, and baryon acoustic oscillations distance scale and the galaxy power spectrum from all-sky galaxy redshift survey in the BigBOSS experiment. We estimate the error in the bound on the total neutrino mass to be Δ∑m{sub v} = 0.012 eV with a 68% confidence level. If the fiducial value of the total neutrino mass is ∑m{sub v} = 0.06 eV, this result implies that the neutrino mass hierarchy must be normal.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗